一般现在时现在进行时和一般过去时过去进行时(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,.,*,Grammar 1,2018.03.19,1,.,目录,1,Present simple,2,Present continuous,3,Past simple,4,Past continuous,2,.,Present Simple,一般现在时,句型,结构,例句,肯定句,v,原,/,v,+(e)s,He,plays,tennis.,否定句,do/does not+,v,原,She,doesnt play,tennis.,疑问句,D,o/Does +v,原？,D,o,you,play,tennis?,We use the present simple,to talk about regular habits or repeated actions:,I,get up,really early and,practise,for an hour or so,most days,.,I,use,the Internet,just about every day,.,W,ords that describe how often or when are often used,（,e.g.,always,usually,often,sometimes,rarely,never,every day,every evening,generally,normally,）,.,3,.,2)to talk about permanent situations,My parents,own,a restaurant.,We used the present perfect,not the present simple,to say how long something has continued:,I,have worked,there since I was 15.(not I work there since I was 15.),3)to talk about facts or generally accepted truths,Students,dont generally have,much money.,If you heat water to 100,it,boils,.,4)to give instructions and directions:,You,go down,to the traffic lights,then you,turn left,.,To start the programme,first you,click,on the icon on the desktop.,5)to tell stories and talk about films,books and plays:,In the film,the tea lady,falls,in love with the Prime Minister.,4,.,Present Continuous,现在进行时,句型,结构,例句,肯定句,am/is/are+,v,-ing,He,s living,in Thailand.,否定句,am/is/are not+,v,-ing,I,m not living,in Thailand.,疑问句,Am/Is/Are +,v,-ing,Are,they,living,in Thailand?,We use the present continuous,to talk about temporary situations:,I,m studying,really hard for my exams.,My cousin,is living,in Thailand,at the moment,.(=he doesnt normally live there),W,ords like,at the moment,currently,now,this week/month/year,are often used.,5,.,2)to talk about actions happening at the moment of speaking:,I,m waiting,for my friends.,3)to talk about trends or changing situations:,The Internet,is making,it easier for people to stay in touch with each other.,The price of petrol,is rising,dramatically.,4)to talk about things that happen more often than expected,often to show envy or to criticise with words like always,constantly,continually,forever.,My mum,s always saying,I dont help enough!(comp,laint),He,s always visiting,exciting places!(envy),6,.,Activity verb,State verbs,动作动词 和 状态动词,英语中的动词就其词汇意义来说可分为动作动词（,Activity verb,）和状态动词（,State verb,）。动作动词强调主语在做的动作，而状态动词强调主语所处的状态，状态动词通常不用于进行时。例如：,The girl is putting on a red coat.,那个女孩正在穿一件红色外套。（穿的动作正在发生，,put,为动作动词）。,We have a second-hand car.,我们有一辆二手车。（,have,为状态动词）。,7,.,【,动作动词的分类与用法,】,1.,表示持续动作的动词,，如,eat,listen,read,run,等。例如：,She is listening to the radio.,她在听收音机。,2.,表示短暂动作的动词,，如,hit,jump,等。这类动词一般用在现在时中，表示现时的一次性动作。表示短暂动作的动词通常不用于进行时态中，如果用于进行时的话，那就表示短暂动作的多次重复。例如：,She jumped up into the chair.,她跳起来坐到椅子上。,He was jumping up and down to keep warm.,他上下跳动来取暖。,3.,表示转变和移动的动词,，如,arrive,change,come,die,go,leave,等。这类动词用于一般时和进行时中，往往在意义上略有不同。比如说,The train leaves at nine，,这是一种现在的习惯性动作，表示火车每天都是,9,点开车。如果说,The train is leaving，,则表示即将发生的事态，表示火车马上就要开了。,8,.,【,状态动词的分类与用法,】,状态动词一般不用于进行时。状态动词可分为四类：,1.,动词,be(,是,),和动词,have(,有,),。,例如：,The boy is 150 centimeters tall.,这个男孩,150,厘米高。,不可以说：,The boy is being 150 centimeters tall.,My husband has several shirts of different colors.,我丈夫有好几件颜色不同的衬衫。,而不可以说：,My husband is having several shirts of different colors.,2.,含有状态动词,be,和,have,的意义的动词，,如：,belong to,contain,differ from,matter,own,等,。这类状态动词通常都不可以用于进行时。例如：,That dictionary belongs to me.,那本字典是属于我的。不能说：,That dictionary is belonging to me,9,.,3.,表示五官感觉的动词,，如,hear,see,feel,taste,smell,等。,例如：,The old man doesnt hear very well,那位老人听觉不太好。不能说：,The old man isnt hearing very well The meat tastes delicious.,这肉味道真好。,但不可以说：,The meat is tasting delicious.,4.,表示想法或心理的动词,，如,agree,assume,believe,consider,disagree,forget,hope,know,expect,imagine,regret,remember,suppose,think,understand,等。,这类动词通常也都不用于进行时。例如：,He does not believe in Howards honesty.,他不相信霍华德为人真诚。,不能说,He is not believing in Howards honesty.,10,.,5.,表示情感状态的动词,，如,adore,despise,dislike,enjoy,feel,hate,like,love,mind,prefer,want,Do you mind,if I ask you a few questions?,I,love,music.,6.,表示描述或说明类的动词,，如：,appear,contain,look like,mean,resemble,seem,smell,sound,taste,weigh.,You,look like,your mother.(=a permanent situation,not a temporary one),N,otice:,Some state verbs can be used in the continuous form when the meaning is temporary.Compare:,What,are,you,thinking,about?(now),I,think,you should tell her exactly what happened.(my opinion,so not temporary),I,m tasting,the sauce to see if it needs any more salt.,The sauce,tastes,delicious.,She,s having,a great time.(is having=is experiencing,not possession),Students dont generally,have,much money.(have=possession),11,.,Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.,1.Im busy right now.I,(fill in)an application form for a new job.,2.My tutor,(see)me for a tutorial every Monday at two oclock.,3.John,(not/study)very hard at the moment.,I,(not/think)hell pass his exams.,4.What,(he/do)?He,(try)to fix the television aerial.,5.Animals,(breathe in)oxygen and,()carbon dioxide.,6.Be quiet!I,(want)to hear the news.,7.In my country we,(drive)on the right-hand side of the road.,8.My friend Joes parents,(travel)round the world this summer,and probably wont be lack for a couple of months.,9.The college,(run)the same course every year.,10.The number of wild butterflies,(fall)as a result of changes in farming methods.,m filling in,sees,isnt studying,dont think,s,he doing,s,trying,breathe in,give out,want,drive,are travelling,runs,is falling,12,.,Fill in the gaps with the verbs in the box in the correct present tense,.,agree catch up cause have,go up know think use,We 1,energy for three main things:electricity production,heating and transport.For the first two,we 2,options such as solar and wind power,and natural gas.But oil is still the worlds number one source of energy,and for transport at least,there is currently no alternative.In China,domestic energy consumption,3,year by year and demand in similar regions 4,fast.,We 5,how to use energy more efficiently now than in the past but the worldwide rise in demand 6,concern amongst experts.Some experts 7,that oil supplies will start to fall within the next twenty years.Most experts 8,that we need to find a new source of energy soon.,13,.,Fill in the gaps with the verbs in the box in the correct present tense,.,agree catch up cause have,go up know think use,We 1,use,energy for three main things:electricity production,heating and transport.For the first two,we 2,have,options such as solar and wind power,and natural gas.But oil is still the worlds number one source of energy,and for transport at least,there is currently no alternative.In China,domestic energy consumption,3,is going up,year by year and demand in similar regions 4,is catching up,fast.,We 5,know,how to use energy more efficiently now than in the past but the worldwide rise in demand 6,is causing,concern amongst experts.Some experts 7,think,that oil supplies will start to fall within the next twenty years.Most experts 8,agree,that we need to find a new source of energy soon.,14,.,扩展：,catch,抓住,捕捉,catch the ball,catch up,赶上，主要是指“赶上汽车、火车等交通工具”或“赶上看,节目”,聊天叙旧,e.g.Lets go grab some coffee and catch up for a while.,catch up with,（介词短语，,with,不可以省略，,+sb/sth,）,赶上某人,e.g.I will catch up with you again in a few minutes.,几分钟后我会再次赶上你。,补上工作,e.g.Can I catch up with the materials or it is too late?,我能对材料做下补充吗？或者是不是太晚了？,catch up on,事后得到关于,的消息,e.g.He loves to catch up on the news after a trip abroad.,赶完，补上,sleep,补觉,the bills,付清账单,work,赶工作,study,补课，补习,15,.,Past Simple,一般过去时,句型,结构,例句,肯定句,v,过去式,+-d/-ed,He,worked,for the police.,否定句,did not+,v,原,She,didnt work,for the police.,疑问句,Did,+v,原？,Did,they,work,for the police?,We use the past simple,to talk about single past completed actions.Often the time is mentioned:,A few weeks ago,a woman,called,to report a robbery at her house.,2)to give a series of actions in the order that they happened:,The burglar,came in,through the front door,picked up,the womans handbag,emptied it out and stole her purse.,16,.,3)to talk about past repeated actions:,When his son got older,he often went out to visit his friends after school.,4)to talk about long-term situations in the past which are no longer true:,Bill Murphy,worked,for the police force for over 17 years.,17,.,Used to,would,用法,句型,结构,例句,肯定句,used to/would+,v,原,She,used to/would,lock the door.,否定句,did not+use to+,v,原,She,didnt work,for the police.,疑问句,Did,use to+v,原？,Did,they,use to lock,the door?,We use,used to+v,原,or would+v,原,to talk about past repeated actions:,She used to keep the front door locked.(but she stopped doing this),She would leave the door unlocked whenever she was at home.,We use,used to,talk about permanent situations that are usually no longer true:,Bill Murphy used to,work,for the police force.,2)We dont use,used to,if we want to talk about how long the situations lasted:,Bill Murphy,worked,for the police force for over 17 years.,注意：,We dont use,would,with state verb.,18,.,Past Continuous,过去进行时,句型,结构,例句,肯定句,was/were+,v,-ing,She,was watching,the news.,否定句,was/were not+,v,-ing,They,werent watching,the news.,疑问句,was/were.+,v,-ing?,Were,you,watching,the news?,We use the past,continuous,1)to provide the background scene to an action or event(usually in the past simple).We often use words like when,while and as:,It happened at five in the afternoon,while,she,was watching,the news on TV.,He,was doing,his homework in his bedroom,when,the burglar came into the house.,19,.,It is possible to have more than one background scene happening at the same time,：,He,was listening,to music and,working,on his computer.,2)when we want to emphasize the activity without focusing on its completion.Compare,：,For a while last year I,was working,at the cinema,studying,for my degree and,uniting,a column for the local newspaper,(we dont know if the actions were completed or not,or whether they happened at the same time),Last year I,worked,at the cinema,studied,for my degree and,wrote,a column for the local newspaper,(suggests all of the jobs are now complete,and probably happened in that order),20,.,THANK YOU,21,.,