2016年职称英语考试理工B真题.doc

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2016年职称英语考试理工B真题

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一、 单选题 (词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分) 。

下面共有l5个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。)

　　1、The committee comprises five persons.
　　A) absorbs
　　B)concerns
　　C) excludes
　　D)involves
　　A B C D
　　标准答案： d
　　解析：comprise v.包含, 由...组成;该词和D(involve vt.包括) 是近义词。absorb vt.吸收, 吸引; concern vt.涉及, 关系到n.(利害)关系, 关心; exclude vt. 把...排除在外; 该句含义是“这个委员会是由5个人组成。”
　　2、The room was furnished with the simplest essentials, a bed, a chair, and a table
　　A)supplied
　　B) gathered
　　C)grasped
　　D)made
　　A B C D
标准答案： a
解析：分析：根据划线词后的介词搭配(with)判断答案A。furnish..with..= supply/provide..with../给..提供..; gather n.集合, 聚集vi.集合, 聚集vt.使聚集; grasp
　　vt./ n.抓住,掌握, 领会;该句含义是“这个房间配备了最基本的物品：一张床，一把椅子，和一张桌子。”
　　3、The local government decided to merge the two firms into a big one.
　　A)motivate
　　B) combine
　　C)compact
　　D)nominate
　　A B C D
　　标准答案： b
　　解析：分析：根据句意(当地的政府决定把两家公司合并成一家公司)判断B((使)联合)是答案。motivate v.激发; compact adj.紧凑的, 紧密的, 简洁的; nominate vt.提名, 推荐, 任命
　　4、He emphasized a feasible plan which can be accepted by the both sides.
　　A)favorable
　　B) possible
　　C)formal
　　D)genuine
　　A B C D
　　标准答案： b
　　解析：分析：该句含义是“他强调要制定出一个能够被双方都接受的可行计划” 。feasible adj.可行的, 切实可行的; favorable adj.赞成的, 有利的, 赞许的;genuine adj.真实的, 真正的
　　5、Because administering the whole company, he sometimes has to work around the clock.
　　A)adjusting
　　B) evaluating
　　C)engaging
　　D)managing
　　A B C D
　　标准答案： d
　　解析：分析：根据句意(因为管理着整个公司，他有时候得夜以继日地工作)判断D(管理)是答案。evaluate vt.评价, 估计; adjust vt.调整, 调节, 校准; engage vt.使忙碌， 使从事于, 使参加 vi.答应, 从事
　　6、He invested a considerable amount of money in the project.
　　A) immense
　　B) positive
　　C) powerful
　　D) realistic
　　A B C D
　　标准答案： a
　　解析：分析：借助划线词所在搭配结构：amount(数量)只能说大小， 因此只有A(大的) 是答案。该句大意是“他在这个项目上投了一大笔的钱”。 positive是“确实的，积极的”，powerful是“有力的，强大的”，realistic是“现实主义的”。
　　7、The interview took place around the kitchen table and was very causal.
　　A) formal
　　B) informal
　　C) regular
　　D)irregular
　　A B C D
　　标准答案： b
　　解析：分析：被选项A和B， C和D从词形上看都分别构成正反义词。句子中前面部分的内容说“采访是在餐桌旁进行”， 因此推断该采访应该是“非正式的” ， 所以答案是B。regular是“规则的， 定期的”， irregular是“不规则的， 非定期的”。
　　8、We should contemplated the problem from all sides.
　　A) deliberated
　　B)thought
　　C) described
　　D) designed
　　A B C D
　　标准答案： a
　　解析：分析：借助搭配结构“…问题”排除B(think后通常带宾语从句)和D(与“问题”搭配不合理)。根据句意(我们应该…问题的各个方面)判断A(仔细考虑)最合适。
　　9、He has a passionate interest in music.
　　A) enthusiastic
　　B) perfect
　　C) practical
　　D)funny
　　A B C D
　　标准答案： a
　　解析：借助搭配结构直接判断答案。划线词修饰的词语是“interest(兴趣)”， 从这个搭配语义上看， A(强烈的， 热烈的)是最合适的选项。该句的大意是“他对音乐有着强烈的兴趣。”passionate是“热烈的， 强烈的， 多情的”, perfect是“完全的，完美的”, practical是“事实上的，实际上的”, funny是“有趣的，好笑的”。
　　10、He has a very outgoing personality and makes friends very easily.
　　A)capacity
　　B) character
　　C) reality
　　D)attitude
　　A B C D
　　标准答案： b
　　解析：分析：借助搭配结构直接判断答案。修饰划线词的形容词是outgoing(开朗的)， 借助这个搭配结构判断B(性格， 特征) 是最合适的选项。 该句的大意是“他的性格很开朗， 很容易与人交朋友。”personality是“人格，品格， (有名)人物”， capacity是“能力，才干，容积 ”, reality是“现实”, attitude是“态度”。
　　11、He is assigned to oversee the production of the assembly lines.
　　A)supervise
　　B) watch
　　C)suspect
　　D)predict
　　A B C D
　　标准答案： a
　　解析：分析：借助搭配结构直接判断答案。借助搭配结构“…装配线的生产”判断A(监督，指导)是答案;oversee v.俯瞰, 检查, 视察;suspect v.怀疑, 猜想; predict v.预知, 预言, 预报
　　12、Soldiers have to obey orders.
　　A)reply to
　　B) apply for
　　C)abide with
　　D)comply with
　　A B C D
　　标准答案： d
　　解析：借助搭配结构直接判断答案。借助搭配结构“…命令”判断D(遵守)是答案。reply to v.回答; apply for请求, 申请; abide with sb.和某人住在一起。abide by v.坚持, 遵守
　　13、She wore a gorgeous Victorian gown which was said to be worth thousands of dollars.
　　A)beauty
　　B) splendid
　　C)expensive
　　D)simple
　　A B C D
　　标准答案： b
　　解析：分析：该句含义是“ 她穿着一件维多利亚时期的…长袍，而这件长袍的价值据说是上千美圆。”。gorgeous在口语中常用，其含义是“华丽的, 灿烂的”，splendid (adj.壮丽的, 辉煌的, 极好的)是该词的近义词。beauty n.美, 美景, 美好的东西; expensive adj.花费的, 昂贵的
　　14、His health had deteriorated while he was in prison.
　　A) became better
　　B)became worse
　　C) became stronger
　　D) became weaker
　　A B C D
　　标准答案： b
　　解析：分析：借助搭配“健康…”，排除C和D(strong(强)和 weak(弱)都不和“健康”搭配使用，只能说“身体” strong或 weak)，再借助句意(在监狱服刑期间他的健康变得恶化了)判断B(变得更糟糕)是答案。deteriorate v.(使)恶化。
　　15、Smoking is inhibited in public places.
　　A) instructed
　　B)inquired
　　C) forbidden
　　D) strived
　　A B C D
　　标准答案： c
　　解析：分析：借助句意(吸烟在公共场合被..)判断C是答案。instruct vt.教, 命令, 指示;inquire
　　v.询问, 问明, 查究;forbid vt.禁止, 不许;strive v.努力, 奋斗。

二、 匹配题

第二部分：阅读判断(每题1分，共七分)

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑

American Sports
　　The United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.
　　Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.
　　Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people. The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players on each team, and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.
　　Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game. It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.
　　Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse racing. Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of the term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do “not assemble” primarily to see the horses race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race. Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.
　　1.Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old, in the US.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　2.Professional baseball teams can continue to play for a long period of time in the fall after the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　3.Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　4.Football can be classified as a spectator sport.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　5.Many Americans like basketball better than football because the latter is so harsh that players have to wear special uniforms.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　1. 阅读判断的7道题中，最多的答案选项是A(正确)，通常2-4道题答案选择A;其次是选项B(错误)， 通常2-4道题的答案选择B;“没提到”这个答案通常在1-2道题中出现，通常7道题中有1-2道题的答案是“没提到”。
　　l 阅读判断/阅读理解解题技巧说明：
　　解答阅读判断题时可以考虑采用“新信息词/新信息短语定位法”。“新信息词/新信息短语定位法”就是利用新信息词/新信息短语作为答案线索，在文章中快速找到与问题相关的答案相关句的方法。“新信息词/新信息短语”是指问题句中出现的，传递出前面的问题中没有提到过的新信息的词语或短语。 这些“新信息词/新信息短语”通常是出现在问题句中的主句和从句中的主语，或句子结尾部分的状语结构中。例如coffee and meat(咖啡和肉)(信息词)”， 由于其词义的特点( “咖啡”和“肉”分别作为其对应事物的名称，具有所指的唯一性)， 如果文章中有与它们相关的内容，则coffee and meat两个结构很可能会直接出现在文章中，因此考虑采用 “coffee and meat(咖啡和肉)”作为直接答案线索， 从而借助对这两个短语的查找而快速地在文章中进行与问题句相关内容的查找和确认。在确认最终可作为答案线索的新信息词/新信息短语的时候，还要注意“特征结构优先原则”。 典型的“特征结构”包括“时间状语结构”， “数字”， 和作为专有名词的“人名”，“地名”和“ 组织机构名”等这类“特征性结构”。这些结构总是以特殊形式(容易查找的形式)出现在文章中：“时间”—涉及到年代或表述的数量大于100时，往往是以阿拉伯数字的形式出现;“人名”， “地名”， “组织机构名”—作为专有名词往往以单词首字母大写的形式出现。
　　标准答案： C,A,A,A,B
　　解析：American Sports
　　1. C. 分析：利用题干中的核心结构hunting and fishing和特征结构men, young and old作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played for recreation(娱乐) anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing.发现答案相关句中并没有提到men, young and old，根据该相关句及相邻句子的句意不能“推出”也不能“反驳”问题句的句意，所以该句的说法为“没提到”。
　　2. A. 分析：利用题干中的核心结构和特征结构(professional baseball teams和the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer)作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer(对应the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.), and professional baseball teams play well into the fall(对应play for a long period of time in the fall). 判断该句的句意与问题句的句意一致，该题主要是考察well into the fall(一直到秋季末)结构的含义。
　　3. A。 分析：利用题干中的核心结构(baseball 和cricket)作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket(板球)，判断该句的句意(与棒球运动最接近的就是英国的板球)与问题句的句意一致， 因此该问题句的说法“正确”。
　　4. A。 分析：利用题干中的核心结构(football 和spectator sport)作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.(第一段最后一句)…the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people.该题考察考生的推断能力：既然最大的足球体育馆能容纳下80，000观众，那么根据spectator sports(观赏性运动)的定义，足 球应该是spectator sports。
　　5. B. 分析：利用题干中的核心结构(basketball 和football)作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game. 该相关句的说法与问题句的说法不一致(主要是“理由”的表述方面不一致)，所以判断问题句的说法“不正确”。
　　17、
　　6.Basketball in American is so popular with universities that nationwide university matches are held yearly.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　7.Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose primary interest is gambling.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　标准答案： C,A
　　解析：6. C。 分析：利用题干中的核心结构(nationwide university matches)作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.发现该句的说法与问题句的说法“不一致”，但又不能因此而判断问题句的说法“错误”。因此判断该题的说法为“没提到”。
7. A。 分析：利用题干中的horse-racing fans作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse racing. ... The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do “not assemble” primarily to see the horses race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race. Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.根据相关句群的句意(赛马比赛的吸引人之处是赌博， 赛马迷只是对赌博感兴趣)发现问题句的说法与这些相关句的说法一致，因此问题句的说法“正确”

第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(每题1分，共8分)

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)1---4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2--5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5--8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing
　　Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known，new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.
　　Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep，as well as a number of other sleep problems，than people who sleep 8 hours a night.People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night’s sleep than 8-hour sleepers.
　　These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night’s rest may not need to set aside。more than 8 hours a night.He added that“it might be a good idea'’for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this.
　　Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep一for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.
　　For the current report，Kripke reviewed the responses of 1，004 adults to sleep questionnaires，in which participants indicated how much they slept during the Week and whether they experienced any sleep problems.Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night，arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep，and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning.
　　KriDke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours.In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed.As evidence，he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed.“It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they’ll spend a higher percentage of time awake.”he said.
　　1. Paragraph 2 ___.
　　2. Paragraph 4___.
　　3. Paragraph 5___.
　　4. Paragraph 6___.
　　A. Keprike’s research tool
　　B. Dangers of Habitual shortages of sleep
　　C. Criticism on Kripke’s report
　　D. A way of overcoming insomnia
　　E. Sleep problems of long and short sleepers
　　F. Classification of sleep problems
　　标准答案： E,B,A,D
　　解析：More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing
　　1. E： Investigators ...found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling, than...该句回应了文章的主题—睡眠时间太长不是好事;对应被选项发现只有E和F与这个内容有关系，但段落最后一句中又提到了睡眠不足的人的问题，因此判断E是答案(睡眠长和睡眠短的人所面临的睡眠问题)。
　　2。B.分析：段落的结构-- Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep一for instance..表明了该段的中心是讲述“长期睡眠不足的潜在危险”。
　　3. A. 分析：对于该段落答案的选择具有一定的迷惑性，A和F容易相互成为干扰项，但由于段落中提到的“睡眠问题”是属于问卷上要回答的内容，是和Keprike的直接研究有关，所以判断A是答案。同时猜测F可能是出题者设置的干扰项。
　　4. D： 段落中出现的Kripke found， Kripke noted和he added表明“Kripke的观点和态度应该是该段的中心”，对比被选项排除C(段落中没有出现批评的话语)和F(段落中没有具体提到睡眠问题的表现形式)，而段落最后第2句提到了克服失眠的方法—少花时间在床上，与D呼应。

　　5.To get a good night’s rest，people may not need to ___.
　　6.Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to___.
　　7. One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night，unable to___.
　　8. One survey showed that people who habitually ___each night have a higher risk of dying.
　　A fall asleep again .
　　B become more energetic the following day
　　C sleep less than 7 hours
　　D confirm those serious consequences
　　E suffer sleep problems
　　F sleep more than 8 hours
　　标准答案： F,E,A,C
　　解析：5.F.分析：根据搭配结构need to do sth.判断所有选项都在语法上合适。借助搭配句意：“为了获得晚上好的休息，人们没有必要。。”判断F(睡眠超过8小时)。
　　6.E.分析：借助搭配句意：“睡眠时间长的人根据报道更有可能。。”，并结合文章主题—睡眠时间长不是好事情，判断E合适。也可借助文章中的相关内容(利用题干中的Long sleepers和more likely 作为答案线索)：KriDke found that people who