中考英语：比较级及最高级[1].doc

中考英语 形容词与副词比较级与最高级用法
形容词与副词的比较级 ：
大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1．规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级
构成法
原级
比较级
　最高级
①一般单音节词未尾加-er,-est
tall(高的)
great(巨大的)
taller
greater
tallest
greatest
②以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st
nice(好的)
large(大的)
able(有能力的)
nicer
larger
abler
nicest
largest
ablest
③以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er, -est
big(大的)
hot(热的)
bigger
hotter
biggest
hottest
④"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加 -er，-est
easy(容易的)
busy(忙的)
easier
busier
easiest
busiest
⑤少数以-er, -ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er, -est
clever(聪明的)
narrow(窄的)
cleverer
narrower
cleverest
narrowest
⑥其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more, most来构成比较级和最高级。
important(重要的)
easily(容易地) 
more important
more easily
most important
most easily
2.不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good(好的)/ well(健康的)
better
best
bad (坏的)/ ill(有病的)
worse
worst
old (老的)
older/elder
oldest/eldest
much/many(多的)
more
most
little(少的)
less
least
far (远的)
farther/further
farthest/furthest
注意：
（1）old 有两种比较级和最高级形式：older/oldest 和elder/eldest。 elder/eldest 只多用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。
My elder brother is an engineer.
Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.

（2）far 有两种比较级farther和further。在英语中两者都可指距离。在美语中，farther 表示距离，further表示进一步。
I have nothing further to say. 
3．几个常用的基本句型：
¢ as + 形容词或副词原级 + as
¢ 形容词或副词比较级+ than
¢ the + 最高级 + 比较范围 
▲ as + 形容词或副词原级 + as 
（1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as。
He cannot run so/as fast as you.
（2）当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式：as +adj.+ a/an +n.或as + many/much +n.
This is as good an example as the other is.
I can carry as much paper as you can..
（3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。
This room is twice as big as that one.
Your room is the same size as mine.
（4）倍数+ as + adj. + as= 倍数+ the + n. + of
This bridge is three times as long as that one.
=This bridge is three times the length of that one.
Your room is twice as large as mine.
=Your room is twice the size of mine. 
▲形容词或副词比较级+ than
eg: You are taller than I.
The lights in your room are brighter than those in mine.
注意：
 （1）要避免重复使用比较级。
(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.
(对) He is more clever than his brother.
(对) He is cleverer than his brother.
（2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
(错) China is larger that any country in Asia.
(对) China is larger than any other country in Asia.
（3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
（4）要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有冠词。
比较：Which is large, Canada or Australia?
　　　Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?
　　　She is taller than her two sisters.
　　　She is the taller of the two sisters. 
※可修饰比较级的词
（1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。
（2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。

（3）以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。
▲ the + 最高级 + 比较范围
（1）The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
※ 形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。
形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常”
It is a most important problem.
=It is a very important problem.
注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。
(错)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.
(对)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
（2）下列词可修饰最高级：by far, far, much, mostly, almost
This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.
①very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。
　This is the very best.
　This is much the best.
②序数词通常只修饰最高级。
　Africa is the second largest continent.
（3）句型转换：
Mike is the most intelligent in his class.
Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.
（4）“否定词语+比较级”与“否定词语+ so… as”结构表示最高级含义
Nothing is so easy as this.
=Nothing is easier than this.
=This is the easiest thing. 
▲ 和比较级（more等）有关的词组
（1）the +比较级…, the + 比较级…越……就越……
The harder you work, the greater progress you'll make.
（2）more B than A与其说A不如说B (= less A than B)
He is more lazy than slow at his work.
= He is less slow than lazy at his work.
与其说他做事慢，不如说他懒。
（3）no more than… 　与……一样……，不比……多
no less… than…　与……一样……
The officials could see no more than the Emperor.
=The officials could see as little as the Emperor.
官员们所见并不比皇帝多。 ( 指都少 )
He is no less diligent than you.
=He is as diligent as you.
他和你一样勤奋。
（4）more than　不只是，非常
She is more than kind to us all.

一．形容词比较级练习
1. Bob never does his homework_____ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.
A. so careful as     B. as carefully as    C. carefully as     D. as careful as 
2.Now air in our town is ____ than it used to be. Something must be done to it.
A. very good   B. much better   C. rather than    D. even worse
3. I feel __ better than yesterday.   A. more   B. very   C. the   D. far
4. China has a large population than __ in the world.
A. all the countries  B. every country  C. any country  D. any other country
5.This book is __ on the subject . 
A. the much best  B. much the best  C. very much best   D. very the best
6.The sick boy is getting __ day by day. A. worse  B. bad  C. badly  D. worst
7.This necklace looks __ and__ sells__. 
A. well, well B. good, nice C. nice, good D. nice, well
8. Doctor Wang ___ heart operation 
A. is interested on B. like doing C. does well in D. is good at
9.the population of Shandong is__ than that Sichuan.
A. smaller B. larger C. less D. large
10.I didn’t go shopping yesterday. He didn’t __. A. so B. either C. too C. neither
11.___ delicious the food is!   A. How  B . how a  C. What  D. What a
12. What animal do like ___?  I like all kinds of animals.
A. better B. best C. very D. well
13.Hainan is a very large island. It’s the second__ island in China.
A. large  B. larger  C. largest  D. most large
14.If you want to book a round –trip ticket, you’ll have to pay __ $30.
A. more B. other C. the other D. another 
15.A horse is __ than a dog.  A. much heavy B. more heavier C. much heavier D. more heavy
16.Which is __ season in Beijing?   I think it’s spring.
A. good  B. well  C. best  D. the best 
17.Usually Xiao Li spends __ time doing homework than XiaoChen does.
A. little  B less  C. few  D. fewer
18.I liked to play football when I was young.  _______.
A. So he was  B. So was he  C. So did he  D. So he did
二.用所给词的恰当形式填空。
1.Which is _______ (big) ,the sun, the moon or the earth?
2.Which is ______ (beautiful),the black coat or the blue one?
3.this moon cake is ____ (cheap) of all.
4.He is _______ (strong) in the class.
5.English is ____ (widely)spoken in the world.

答案
一. 1.B 2.D 3.D 4.D 5.B 6.A  7.D  8.C  9.B  10.B 11. A 12. B 13.C  14. D 15 C  16.D
17.B  18.C
二.1. the biggest   2.more beautiful   3. the cheapest    4. the strongest
5.the most widely
4