2013高考英语二轮考点复习讲义-阅读理解-推断题解题指导.doc

2013高考英语二轮考点复习讲义： 阅读理解推断题解题指导
例1（2012全国卷1） Last night I was driving from Harrisburg to Lewisburg，distance of about eighty miles. It was late. Several times I got stuck behind a slow-moving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left, and I became increasingly impatient.
At one point along an open road, I came to a crossing with a traffic light. I was alone on the road by now, but as I drove near the light, it turned red and I made a stop. I looked left, right and behind me. Nothing. Not a car, no suggestion of car lamps, but there I sat, waiting for the light to change, the only human being for at least a mile in any direction.
I started wondering why 1 refused to run the light I was not afraid of being caught, because there was clearly no policeman wound, and there certainly would have been no danger in going through it..
Much later that night, the question of why I'd stopped for that light came back to me. I think I
stopped because it's part of a contract(契约)we all have with each other. It's not only the law, but it is an agreement we have, and we trust each other to honor it: we don't go through red lights.
Trust is our first inclination(倾向).Doubting others does not seem to be natural to us. The whole construction of our society depends on mutual(相互)trust, not distrust We do what we say we'll do; we show up when we say we'll show up; and we pay when we say we'll pay. We trust each other in these matters, and we're angry or disappointed with the person or organization that breaks the trust we have in them.
I was so proud of myself for stopping for the red light that night.
65. The event made the author strongly believe that .
A. traffic rules may be unnecessary
B. doubting others is human nature
C. patience is important to drivers
D. a society needs mutual trust
[点拨] D 根据短文第5段，不难判断作者相信一个社会需要互相信任。因此，正确答案为D选项。
66. Why was the author proud of himself?
A He kept his promise. B. He held back his anger.
C. He followed his inclination. D. He made a right decision.
[点拨] D 根据短文容易判断作者引以为豪的是对未闯红灯一事所做的决定。因此，正确答案为D选项。
例2（2012陕西卷） What brings a nation together? Of the four choices—shared values, language, history, and religion, it's shared values. In our latest poll seven out of 16 countries chose values as the greatest factor bringing a nation together, and six preferred language. Both choices scored high in the poll, suggesting that our values and how we express them are closely linked. Still, history was not forgotten in some countries, particularly in Mexico and Russia. Even Canada and the United States chose national histories as the second-most important factor uniting their people. The biggest surprise? Not one country picked religion as its top choice.
Respect your elders
In most countries, the oldest generation considered values more important to a nation than did those who are under 45 years old.
Do you speak Canadian?
Language scored lower in Canada than in all other countries polled, perhaps because the country speaks two official languages, French and English.
Church and state
Most people polled do not connect their religious beliefs to their national pride. Religion ranked last in 13 countries—with Prance scoring it at 1 %, the lowest of all.
46 According to the poll, what was the most important factor in bringing a nation together?
A. Language. R Values. C History. D. Religion.
[点拨] B 短文第1段提到“In our latest poll seven out of 16 countries chose values as the greatest factor bringing a nation together, and six preferred language.”。由此不难判断，B选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为B选项。
48.According to the charts, shared values and language were considered equally important in____
A. Australia B. Brazil C. China D. India
[点拨] D 对照共同价值观和语言这两个图表，会判断发现这两个图表的最下一栏是印度。由此可知，在印度，共同价值观和语言被认为同等重要，因此，正确答案为D选项。
[小试牛刀]
children lies in _________.
A. the amount of intelligence
B. the different situations they face
C. the different attitudes to life
D. the background of life
Exercise 4
A punctual person is in the habit of doing a thing at the proper time and is never late in keeping an appointment.
The unpunctual man, on the other hand, never does what he has to do at the proper time. He is always in a hurry and in the end loses both time and his good name. A lost thing may be found again, but lost time can never be regained. Time is more valuable than material things. In fact, time is life itself. The unpunctual man is for ever wasting and mismanaging his most valuable asset as well as others’. The unpunctual person is always complaining that he finds no time to answer letters, or return calls or keep appointments promptly. But the man who really has a great deal to do is very careful of his time and seldom complains of want of it. He knows that he can not get through huge amount of work unless he faithfully keeps every piece of work when it has to be attended to.
Question :
According to the passage, which is right?
A. The punctual person has no much work to do.
B. The unpunctual person is very rich.
C. The unpunctual person is often respected by his friends.
D. The unpunctual person loses what can’t be regained again.
Exercise 5
Sandstorms can disturb people's travel and can sometimes destroy whole roads, and dry flat areas. Similar dust storms can be found on the planet Mars, and are thought to be seasonal. Today, the destruction of forests and too much farming of farmland call lead to sandstorms. Too much use of water resources can also cause sandstorms.
Question :
From the paragraph , we can learn that at present __________.
A. sandstorms are more often seen on Mars than on Earth
B. human activities are a major cause of sandstorms
C. farming brings more harm than benefits to humans
D. sandstorms have led to the lack of clean water resources
II. 篇章练习
If you are a junior or a senior at college , you may be frequently asked, "What would you like to do in the future?" Whenever people ask me this question, my answer is always the same, "To be a teacher." Why I think this , the following maybe help you understand my idea .
    When I entered the school at the age of 7, teaching has been my favorite profession all the time. My dream of being a teacher was rooted in my childhood. The good natured, patient and strict teachers in primary school made a strong impression on me. As I grow up, I know more about my desired profession. Teachers are the engineers of human soul. That is to say, they play roles in the forming and shaping of students’ intellectual and psychological make-up. Teachers are lifelong learners while instructing students.
Nowadays governments at all levels put more stress on the roles of education in information society, versatile teachers are urgently needed. To be a qualified teacher in the new century, I must prepare right now. Rosy dream and firm will can not be automatically translated into teaching methods and job skills. In short, I will make efforts to do well my favorite job teaching.
1. 直接推断题。
直接推断题目是目前阅读考试坚持深层理解的主要题型。要求学生理解文章的表层意义，紧扣文章的具体事实，综合利用文章提供的信息，做出合乎逻辑的推理。题中常含有：imply, suggest, conclude等。
2. 依据文章的论述推断作者的观点、意图和态度以及写作手法的题目。
虽不含infer, imply等推断词，但也需要考生推断和识别，因此可以称为含蓄推断题。作者的观点、意图和态度有主观和客观两种。主观态度一般只能从字里行间推断出来。要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词，在客观描述中，作者的态度往往I. 1. C。推理判断题。从had each of us race across the monkey bars, swinging from one high steel rod to the next可知答案C正确。
2. C。推理判断题。参见第二段，本段旨在说明铅中毒的严重性，同时把铅中毒甚至导致了罗马帝国的垮台为例．是为了强调其严重性，从而引起读者注意。
3. C。推理判断题。根据文章最后两句可知，聪明的孩子想真正了解生活，他努力接触身边的一切事物；而不聪明的孩子则脱离生活，让自己的生活限制在一个封闭和自我梦境的世界里。他们对待生活的态度是截然不同的，由此可推知C项正确。
4. D。推理判断题。根据文章第 2 段第 3 句 A lost thing may be found again, but lost time can never be regained time is more valuable than material things 可知，答案选 D。
5. B。推理判断题。根据第二段中提到的森林砍伐、过度农耕和对水资源的过度使用，这些人类的行为是引起沙尘暴的主要原因，因此正确答案为B。
II. 1. C。推理判断题。A. teaching has been the author’s favorite profession all the time和D. versatile teachers are urgently needed正确，但却是文章中明确说的，不是从文章中推断出来的；答案B从文中最后一段 Nowadays governments at all levels put more stress on the roles of education in information society可知是正确的。答案C是从文中最后一段最后一句“In short, I will make efforts to do well my favorite job teaching.”可知C是正确选项。
2. C。推理判断题。通过第二段第一和第二两句话可知A是正确的；通过最后一段第一句话可知B和D 是正确的； 通过最后一段“Rosy dream and firm will can not be automatically translated into teaching methods and job skills. In short, I will make efforts to do well my favorite job teaching.”可知是不容易的。故选C。
[单词百宝箱]
peel v. 剥落
Too much heat will make the bark wrinkle and peel.过热会使树皮起皱并剥落。
register vi. & vt. 记录; 登记; 注册
In former times, only property owners could be registered as voters.从前,只有有财产的人才能登记作选民。
swing vt. & vi.  (使)摇摆; (使)旋转
The monkey was swinging in the tree.猴子在树上荡来荡去。
recall vt. 召回
The makers have recalled a lot of cars that were unsafe.制造商们已收回了大批不符合安全规格的汽车。
exposure n. 暴露,显露
I threatened them with public exposure.我扬言要公开揭发他们。
hazard  危险; 公害
Are you aware of the hazards of mountaineering?你知道登山运动的危险吗?
crumble vt. & vi. 1.把…)弄碎,(使)碎成细屑
He crumbled the bread in his fingers.他用手指把面包捻碎。
seasonal adj. 季节的, 季节性的, 周期性的
People found casual or seasonal work on farms。人们在农场上找到临时的或季节性的工作
punctual adj. 守时的,准时的
I have to go now because I must be punctual for class.我现在不得不走了,因为我得准时去上课。
mismanage vt. 处置失当, 办错
I admitted that I had mismanaged that matter . 我承认我对于那件事情的处理失当了。
asset n. 有价值的人〔物〕,优点,长处
Her only asset was a gentle nature.她唯一的可贵之处是温文尔雅的性情。
promptly adv. 敏捷地, 迅速地
He promptly forgot all about it. 他马上把这事儿忘得一干二净。
psychological adj. 心理学的；关于心理学的
At the university he made psychological research.他在大学里进行过心理学研究。
versatile adj.  有多种学问、技能或职业的；多才多艺的 
A versatile person is one who is good at a number of different things.多才多艺的人通常擅长许多种不同的事情。
automatically adv. 自动地, 机械地
Some doors have locks which automatically lock the doors when we close them.
有些门上的锁在关门时会自动把门锁好。
formed by 60-thousand transparent sticks that sway in the wind and contain fiber-optic filaments(光纤丝).
Here at the Joint Pavilion we can visit exhibitions of 42 African countries all in one place. The facility aims to represent the cultural diversity, solidarity, and the bright future of the African countries.
There is still so much more for you to discover at the Shanghai World Expo. You’ll find it worthwhile to make your plans to come, and then you can decide what pavilions you want to see next.
1. What can be a best title for the passage?
A. The most popular travel site. B. World tour at the Shanghai Expo.
C. Which pavilion is most attractive? D. A general guide to Shanghai Expo.
2. In the ________pavilion you will have the feeling of unusual.
A. Germany's B. UK's C. Japan's D. Mexico's
3. What do the pavilions of Mexico and Australia-have in common?
A. They both reflect harmony between humans and technology.
B. They are both built in large area and painted colorful.
C. Their building materials are eco-friendly.
D. Their pavilions are of the same building material .
4. In the African Pavilion, you will know little about their
A. cultural diversity B. future life
C. national solidarity D. social security
5. The writer writes the passage in order to ________.
A. introduce different foreign architectures to us
B. tell apart which is the best pavilion by comparison
C. attract more people to Shanghai World Expo
D. give a brief description about some countries in the world .

- 8 -