高考英语二轮完形填空考点解析议论文2.doc

2011届高考英语二轮专题复习学案：专题二 完形填空之议论文（3）（新课标）
三、议论文
【体裁诠释】
议论文是高考完形填空中较难的文章。议论文由三个要素组成：论点、论据、论证。有着较强的说教目的和一定的语言深度。
议论文完形填空的特点：结构清晰、脉络有序。
①有些议论型完形填空的首句常常是文章的主旨句。作者一般在文章的首段提出论点，然后在各段的首句提出分论点。
②还有些议论文先叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象，然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点。然后再用具体的论据去说明自己的论点。
③此外，也有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象，而不表明自己的观点，然后通过对具体现象的分析，自然得出一种结论，这种结论往往就是作者的论点。
抓住论点是理解议论文的关键所在。
可以从以下几个角度寻找或概括中心论点：分析论点所在的位置。①题目。有的文章题目本身就是中心论点；②开头。有的文章在开头直接提出中心论点，然后逐层论述；③中间。有的文章在论述过程中提出中心论点，这种情况较少；④结尾。有的文章通过论述，在文章结尾处归纳出全文的中心论点。
论据是论点赖以存在的根据，一般分为事实论据和道理论据。阅读议论文，要学会分析论点与论据的关系、论据在证明论点时所起的作用。事实论据，应该分析作者所提供的事实，从事实中发现道理，再验证它与作者的论点的逻辑关系。道理论据，应该从道理论据出发联系和道理对应的事实，来验证这些道理如何证明论点。
要做好高考完形填空中的议论文，最主要的是要抓住作者议论的中心，也就是要理清文章的论点、论据和论证。
【典例探究】
（2010·广东卷）
Every country has its own culture.
Even though each country uses doors, doors may have_ 21 __functions and purposes which lead to ___22__ differences.
When I first came to America, I noticed that a public building had two different__23___ and they had distinct functions. You have to push the door with the word “PUSH” to go out of the building and to pull the door with the word “PULL” to_ 24____the building. This was new to me, because we use the ____25__ door in South Korea. For quite a few times I failed to go out of a shopping centre and was embarrassed.
The way of using school bus doors was also ____26__ to me .I used to take the school bus to classes. The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back doors, ___27 _who were getting off the bus should get off first, and students who were getting on should get on __ 28_ . In South Korea, we do not need to wait for people to get off. One morning, I hurried to the bus, and when the bus doors opened, I___ 29____tried to get on the school bus through the front door. All the students around looked at me, I was totally_ 30 _ _,and my face went red.
21. A. different B. important C. practical D. unusual
22. A. national B. embarrassing C. cultural D. amazing
23. A. exits B. entrances C. signs D. doors
24. A. enter B. leave C. open D. close
25. A. main B. same C. front D. back
26. A. annoying B. hard C. satisfying D. strange
27. A. parents B. students C. teachers D. drivers
28. A. sooner B. later C. faster D. earlier
29. A. politely B. patiently C. unconsciously D. slowly
30. A. embarrassed B. annoyed C. unsatisfied D. excited
【答案解析】
21. 【解析】选A。考查形容词。从下文的distinct functions，可知是不同功能，A 不同的，B 重要的，C 实践的，D不寻常的。
22. 【解析】选C。考查形容词。从开头总括句“Every country has its own culture.”和下文举例两个门功能不同可以看出。A 国家的，B 尴尬的，C文化的，D惊奇的。
23. 【解析】选C。考查名词。从上下文的---the word “PUSH”---the word“PULL”和two different可知选C。A 出口，B 入口，C标志，D门。
24. 【解析】选A。 考查动词。从上下文push the door with the word “PUSH” to go out of the building and to pull the door with the word“PULL” to_ 24____the building相对的动作可知此处意为进入。A 进入，B 离开，C打开，D关闭。
25. 【解析】选B。 考查形容词。由上文When I first came to America, I noticed有两个门, This was new to me, 可暗示出我们在韩国用同一个门，故选B项。
26. 【解析】选D。考查形容词。 由上文第三段知：This was new to me; The way …. was also ____26__ to me .可知这种方式也是奇怪的。A讨厌的， B畏难的， C满意的， D陌生的。
27. 【解析】选B考查名词。 由下文的并列句“students who were getting on ….”可知。
A 父母，B学生，C老师，D司机。
28. 【解析】选B。考查形容词比较级。从上文并列句who were getting off the bus should get off first, ---who were getting on should get on __ 28_.可知此处与first相对，故选B项。A 很快，B较晚，C更快，D较早。
29. 【解析】选C。考查副词。从上文In South Korea, we do not need to wait for people to get off.所以作者已经形成了习惯,已经是无意识地做了。A 礼貌地，B耐心地，C无意识地，D慢慢地。
30. 【解析】选A。考查形容词。 从上文For quite a few times I failed to go out of a shopping centre and was embarrassed.和I was totally_ 30 _ ,and my face went red.A项，尴尬的；B项，恼怒的；C项，不满意的；D项，兴奋的。
【跟踪演练】
1（2011·江苏省无锡市高三期中）
People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a 36 problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without 37 ; they try to find a solution by trial and error. However, when all of these methods 38 , the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six 39 in analyzing a problem.
First the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam’s bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does. Sam must 40 that there is a problem with his bicycle.
Next the person must 41 the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work. For example, he must 42 the parts that are wrong.
Now the person must look for 43 that will make the problem clearer and lead to 44 . solutions. For example, suppose Sam 45 that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the brakes. At this time, he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about brakes, talk to his friends at the bike shop, or look at his brakes carefully.
After 46 the problem, the person should have 47 suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an example 48 , his suggestions might be: tighten or loosen the brakes, buy new brakes and change the old ones.
In the end, one 49 seems to be the solution 50 the problem. Sometimes the 51 idea comes quite 52 because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a 53 way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees there is a piece of chewing gum stuck to a brake. He immediately hits on the solution to his problem: he must 54 the brake.
Finally the solution is 55 . Sam does it and finds his bicycle works perfectly. In short, he has solved the problem.
36．A．serious B．usual C．similar D．common
37．A．practising B．thinking C．understanding D．helping
38．A．fail B．work C．change D．develop
39．A．ways B．conditions C．stages D．orders
40．A．explain B．prove C．show D．see
41．A．judge B．find C．describe D．face
42．A．check B．determine C．correct D．recover
43．A．answers B．skills C．explanation D．information
44．A．possible B．exact C．real D．special
45．A．hopes B．argues C．decides D．suggests
46．A．discussing B．settling down C．comparing with D．studying
47．A．exact B．enough C．several D．countless
48．A．once B．again C．also D．alone
49．A．suggestion B．conclusion C．decision D．discovery
50．A．with B．into C．for D．to
51．A．next B．clear C．final D．new
52．A．unexpectedly B．late C．clearly D．often
53．A．simple B．different C．quick D．sudden
54．A．clean B．separate C．loosen D．remove
55．A．recorded B．completed C．tested D．accepted
2、（2010·甘肃省天水一中三模）A high school history teacher once told us, “If you make one close friend in school, you will be most fortunate. A 21 friend is someone who stays with you for life”. 22 teaches that he was right. Good friendship is just not easily 23.
It is possible that we simply do not stay in one place 24 enough for true friendship to develop. However, there can be 25 disagreement on the need for each of us to think carefully about the kind of friendship we want.
To most of us, friendships are considered very important, 26 we need to have it clear in our minds the kinds of friendship we want. Are they to be close or 27 at arm’s length? Do we want to 28 ourselves or do we want to walk on the surface? For some people, many friendships on the surface are 29 enough. And that’s all right. But at some 30 we need to make sure that our expectations are the same as our friends’ expectations. The sharing of personal experience including our tears as well as our dark 31 is the surest way to deepen friendships. But it must 32 slowly and carried on only if there are 33 of interest and action in return.
What are some of the 34 of our friendship? The greatest is to 35 too much too soon. Deep relationships 36 time. Another “major difficulty” is the selfishness to think one “possesses” the other, including his time and attention. 37 , friendships require actions in return. In other words, you must 38 as much as you take. Finally there is a question of taking care of. Unless you spend 39 time together, talking on the phone, writing letters, doing things together, friendships will die 40 .
21. A. true B. fair-weather C. school D. useful
22. A. Knowledge B. Experience C. Hardship D. Schooling
23. A. understood B. formed C. realized D. produced
24. A. certain B. patiently C. long D. fortunately
25. A. some B. any C. great D. no
26. A. but B. and C. or D. while
27. A. remained B. left C. kept D. stayed
28. A. hide B. deepen C. strengthen D. share
29. A. quite B. not C. less D. very
30. A. degree B. point C. places D. length
31. A. clothes B. clouds C. dreams D. letters
32. A. be undertaking B. have been undertaking
C. have been undertaken D. be undertaken
33. A. marks B. signs C. sciences D. sights
34. A. disadvantages B. differences C. difficulties D. requirements
35. A. expect B. pull out Ｃ.command D. develop
36. A. waste B. spend C. kill D. take
37. A. Similarly B. Differently C. Strangely D. Surprisingly
38. A. give B. possess C. act D. walk
39. A. considerate B. wonderful C. reasonable D. comfortable
40. A. down B. away C. out D. off
3、 Happiness is what everyone looks for. 1 someone says that he is happy. However, 2
makes him happy may not work for others. And even 3 , someone may spend all his life looking for happiness, but in vain.
In the past, I tried my best to make myself happy. I thought if I could 4 get and do what I wanted to, I would be happy. Certainly, it was 5 , but I was disappointed. Though I could be happy at 6 , I couldn’t keep my happiness for a long time. Why?
One day, when I told a friend of mine what I 7 about happiness, he smiled and said only a few words, “Happiness is not a 8 thing but a by-product ( 副产品). ”
I was surprised, but he was really 9 .
Someone thinks money can 10 everything, but when he becomes a millionaire after his hard work, perhaps he will find that he has new 11 . And he has to go to church for 12 . Sometimes love can bring happiness, but at other times it 13 misunderstanding, tiredness, and even quarrelling.
Happiness is only a by-product of all 14 of things you love to do. You can not 15 it in a straight way. That is, it is not a thing 16 in the material form but in your senses.
You should tell yourself, “ I do not 17 whether I am happy or not. But I must love 18 . ” And one day you will 19 find happiness itself has quietly 20 . [
1. A. Maybe B. Once C. Then D. And
2. A. who B. what C. it D. this
3. A. more B. now C. worse D. so
4. A. often B. really
C. hardly D. frequently
5. A. important B. necessary
C. unnecessary D. possible
6. A. present B. all C. times D. last
7. A. did B. thought C. learned D. discovered
8. A. single B. simple C. common D. strange
9. A. lying B. stupid C. right D. foolish
10. A. get B. make C. produce D. bring
11. A. wishes B. demands
C. worries D. business
12. A. help B. God C. comfort D. rest
13. A. suggests B. happens
C. seems D. causes
14. A. fields B. types C. kinds D. forms
15. A. have B. grasp C. search D. discover
16. A. floating B. existing
C. coming D. surrounding
17. A. mind B. know C. ask D. wonder
18. A. life B. family C. happiness D. health
19. A. hardly B. suddenly C. never D. often
20. A. disappeared B. missed
C. lost D. arrived
4、 If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengths and weaknesses. Success or 1 in your work would depend, to 2 great extent, 3 your ability to use your strengths and weaknesses to the best advantage. 4 the utmost importance is your attitude. A person 5 begins a job convinced that he isn’t going to like it or is 6 that he is going to fail is exhibiting a weakness which can only hinder his success. On the other hand, a person who is secure 7 his belief that he is probably as capable 8 doing the work as anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerful attempt 9 it possesses a certain strength of purpose. The chances are that he will do well. 10 the prerequisite(必须的) skills for a particular job is strength. Lacking those skills is obviously a weakness. A bookkeeper who can’t add or a carpenter who can’t cut a straight line with a saw 11 hopeless cases. This book has been designed to help you capitalize 12 the strength and overcome the 13 that you bring to the job of learning. But in groups to measure your development, you must first 14 stock of somewhere you stand now. 15 we get further along in the book, we’ll be 16 in some detail with specific processes for developing and strengthening 17 skills. However, 18 begin with, you should pause 19 examine your present strengths and weaknesses in three areas that are critical to your success or failure in school: your 20 , your reading and communication skills, and your study habits.
1. A. improvement B. victory
C. failure D. achievement
2. A. a B. the C. some D. certain
3. A. in B. on C. of D. to
4. A. Out of B. Of C. To D. Into
5. A. who B. what C. that D. which
6. A. ensure B. certain C. sure D. surely
7. A. onto B. on C. off D. in
8. A. to B. at C. of D. for
9. A. near B. on C. by D. at
10. A. Have B. Had C. Having D. Had been
11. A. being B. been C.