考研作文12大原则.doc

考研作文12大原则
一．名言名句原则
    经典句型：As a proverb says, " It is love that makes the world go around."（适用于已记住的名言）There is no denying the fact that we cannot be young forever. （适用于自编名言）更多经典句型：如2003年考题：Shakespeare has ever stated that I came, I suffered and I survived, which gives us much for thought about our life and development. 
二．数字统计原则
    经典句型：According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.
更多句型：Recent statistics show that … . A recent opinion poll indicates that… 
三．主题句原则
    主题句应具有如下特征：
1. 应是个判断性的句子，如：It is safe to draw the conclusion that our
  life is a course that requires constant pursuit of greater goals.（2004）
2. 应具有概括性，如：For my part, love is best understood when given to
   people who need it most.
3. 应包含自己明确态度。不能用模棱两可的句型来做主题句。
4. 应简洁、吸引人。主题句是全文的精华，是阅卷老师所关注的，所以应努力把它
  写成全文的经典句。
5. 应统领全文，但不能超出全文内容。不必写得惊天动地，忘掉了全文的一致性。
  特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的！
四．顺序原则
1）first, second, third, last（不推荐，原因：俗）
2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推荐，原因：俗）
3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推荐，原因：俗）
4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推荐）
5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐）
6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐）
7）first and foremost, besides, last but not the least（强烈推荐）
8）most important of all, moreover, finally
9）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况）
10）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况） 
五．多实少虚原则
    写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospitable 之类的形容词。 
六．附加句式原则
   就是在主谓中间插入一个名词短语，起到一个同位语之类的补充成分。
  In my memory, Mr. Jiang, my Chemistry teacher in the high school, impressed me most in my past school years.
Mr. Jiang, a considerate and patient teacher, did not have any bias against me who lagged far behind the others. 
七．排比句式原则
    The fact that people from different countries are attracted to the mysterious Chinese culture, indicates that to some extent a culture can be accepted, respected, appreciated, and shared internationally.
Only in this manner can we promote cultural development positively, and make our world dimensional, colorful and vigorous. 
八．挑战极限原则
   What seems to be a strong life is actually weak, all due to overprotection and care. (2003)
   China first launching its rockets into the sky, the scientists have been working on the project to send human beings to the outer space, which resulted in the accomplished flight of Shenzhou VI spaceship. (2004) 
九．实例原则
    The truth applies to our life: nearly every success is a result of unremitting endeavor. The necessity of heading for the next step is well illustrated in the space flight projects of our country. For instance, since we first launched our rockets into the sky, our scientists have been working on the project to send human beings to the outer space. （2004）
   更多句型：To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, for example. A good case in point（一个好的恰当的例子）。
十．比较原则
   经典套话：相似的比较：in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner。
相反的比较：on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with, …。
十一．换句原则
    没话说了，可以换一句话再说，让你的文章再多一些字，或是让读者更充分地理解你的观点。实际就是重复重复再重复！下面的句子实际上就三个字: I love you!, I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I am crazy about you. I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love with you. 或者上面我们举过的例子：I cannot bear it. 可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it. 因此可以这样说：I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it.
经典套话：in more difficult language, in simpler words, to put it more simply。
   总之，写作中句子应根据表达需要，有话则长，无话则短。简洁是一个原则，不管长句还是短句，都不能罗嗦。看下面的句子能否写得简洁些： 
十二．建议原则
    经典套话：Apparently, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.
    更多句型：Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.
Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.