高一英语上重点归纳总结.doc

高中英语必修1——2重点归纳总结
Unit1 &2 of Module 1重点单词与短语
1. concern
（1）n.所关心的人或事；担心，挂念
His greatest concern is the future of his daughter.
The report expressed the public’s concerned about/for the nuclear waste.
（2）v.与……有关；涉及；使……担忧
The lecture concerned the environmental protection.
What concerns us is that so many children in the area have dropped out of school.
concerned a.关心的(about),与……有关的(with)
He is never concerned about what is going on with his family and friends.
拓展：
have no concern for毫不关心
be concerned about/for 关心
as/so far as …is concerned 就……而言
concerning prep.关于;有关
2. suffer
（1）vt.遭受,蒙受(痛苦、疾病、饥饿、损失等)
Many provinces in our country suffered a heavy loss in the flood in 1998.
（2）vi.(from)因……而受损失，患……病
She is suffering from loss of memory.
拓展：
suffering n.痛苦,苦难 sufferer n.受苦者
A. Suffer B. Suffering C. Suffering from D. Suffered from
3. include vt.包括,包含,算入……
The tour included a visit to the Science Museum.
拓展：
including 介词 词义为“包括，包含”
The singer sang a few songs, including two of my favorites = two of my favorites included.
辨析：
contain包括的内容或成分
include包括整体的一部分
hold能容纳
4. advice n.意见,建议,忠告
ask sb. for advice征求某人的意见
follow/take sb’s advice采纳某人的建议
give/offer sb. advice on就……给某人建议
a piece of advice一条建议
much/lots of advice许多建议
拓展:
advise v.建议
advise doing sth.建议做……
advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做……
advise. that sb./sth. (should) do 建议
They strongly advised that the government (should) take some measures to improve the transport.
考点例题:
改错：The Smiths thought of some advice that they went traveling on foot together.
5. request
（1）n.请求,要求
We will make a request for help if necessary.
His request is that the work(should) be finished as soon as possible.
（2）v.请求，要求
request sth. request sb. to do sth. request sth from sb.
request that sb./sth. (should) do
6. calm
（1）adj.镇静的，沉着的
He remained calm in time of danger.
（2）vt.使平静；使安静
You’d better take a deep breath to calm yourself before answering the question.
拓展：
calm down镇静；平静 calm sb. down使某人镇静
The moment the famous film star appeared on the stage, the excited audience calmed down.
辨析：
calm指无风浪或人的心情平静
quiet指没有声音，不吵闹
still指没有运动或动作的状态
silent指不作声，不讲话
三. 重点短语
1. go through经历，经受
go through a hard time经历一段困难时期
go through the baggage检查行李
go through the newspaper浏览报纸
拓展：
go after追求，追赶
go ahead前进；请说（做）吧
go by走过，（时间）过去
go along with向前，（与……）一起去
go in for爱好，从事
go out外出；（灯，火）熄灭
go over越过；复习
go up爬上，（价格等）上升
2. do with处理
do with pollution处理污染
have sth./much/nothing to do with 与……有些关系/很大关系/没有关系
拓展：
What to do with…. How to deal with….
3. get along/on with
get along/on with sb.与某人相处
get along/on with sth某事进展
拓展：
get along/on well/ nicely/ badly with 与……相处得好/不好，……进展顺利/不顺利
get away离开，逃离 get down下来；写下，取下
get down to (doing)开始认真干…… get off下（车，飞机），脱下
get over克服，摆脱 get through通过，做完
get together聚集
4. have trouble/ difficulty/ problem with sb./ sth和某人相处/做某事有困难
He has no trouble with English grammar.
拓展：
Have trouble/difficulty/ problem (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
We have some difficulty in dealing with the matter.
四. 重点句型
1. It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night face to face.
这是我一年半来第一次目睹夜晚。
此句为复合句，that 引导定语从句修饰the first time.
It/ This is / was the first /second time that sb. have/ had done sth.某人第一/二次做……
1. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
遛狗时，你太粗心，狗松扣了而被车撞了。
While walking the dog = while you were walking the dog在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，如果主句的主语和从句的主语相同，而且从句中的谓语动词又含有be的某种形式，从句中的主语和be可以省略。
When I was traveling in Beijing (=when traveling in Beijing), I happened to meet a former classmate.
Though he is over sixty(= though over sixty), he still keeps on studying English.
She won’t go to the conference unless she is invited(= unless invited).
2. Why do you think people all over the world want to learn English?
你认为为什么世界各地的人们都想学习英语呢？
本句为双重疑问名句，do you think在句中做插入语
注意：
一般疑问句用疑问语序( do you think)
特殊疑问句疑问词置于句首，并用陈述语序；
可用于该句型的动词还有believe, guess, imagine, ,suppose等
Who do you suppose is the right person for the job?
How many students do you guess have been to the Great Wall?
3. Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.
信不信由你，（世界上）没有什么标准英语。
（1）believe it or not在句中做插入语，意为“信不信由你；我说的是真的”。
常见的插入语有：
generally speaking一般来说 frankly speaking坦白地说
judging from从……来判断 to tell you the truth说真的；老实说
to be honest说实在的 to make matters worse更糟糕的是
（2）such的用法小结
no such…as没有这样的……
such as例如
such…as…像……这样的……
such …that…这样……以致于……
He is reading such a book as you borrowed from the library last week.
他在读的书和你上周从图书馆借来的一样。（ as是关系代词，引导定语从句）
He is reading such an interesting book that I want to borrow it.
他在读的书这么有趣，我想借来读读。（that引导结果状语从句）

Unit 3&4 of Module 1重点单词与短语
1. persuade vt.说服； 劝服； 使相信
（1）persuade sb.说服某人
Advertisers try to persuade consumers to buy their goods.
（2）persuade sb. to do sth.= persuade sb. into doing sth.说服某人做某事
We have persuade him to give up smoking.
（3）persuade sb. not to do sth. = persuade sb. out of /against doing sb.说服/劝服某人别做某事
His mother persuaded him not to give up the chance to take part in the competition.
（4）persuade sb. of sth./ that+ clause 设法使某人相信
He failed to persuade the workers of his honesty = to persuade the workers that he was honest.
注意：
persuade强调说服、劝服的结果； 而只表劝说动作不表结果时需用try to persuade 或换成advise。
1. insist v.
（1）坚决要求； 坚决主张
Insist on / upon doing sth.或insist that-clause,从句动词用(should) do
The government insists that waste water (should) be made clean before going into the river.
She insisted on our staying there for supper.
（2）坚持认为； 坚持说
Insist on / upon doing sth.或insist that-clause,从句动词用陈述句语序和相应的时态
He insisted on his innocence. (无罪)
The farmer insisted that the neighbor had stolen his sheep.
2. determine v.决定； 确定； 下决心
+ n.
+ to do sth.
determine + clause
+ on/upon sht./doing sth.
+疑问句+to do sth.
You had better determine a date for the meeting as soon as possible.
It is unnecessary to determine what each word means while you are reading a passage.
I haven’t determined where to spend the seven-day holiday.
拓展：
determination n.决心； 决定
determined adj.决然的；果断的
be determined to do下决心干……=make up one’s mind to do
give sb. a determined look坚定地看某人
a determined man意志坚定的人
3. familiar adj.熟悉的……；通晓……
The lady looked somewhat familiar, but I could not remember where I had seen her.
拓展：
be familiar with…熟悉……；通晓……
be familiar to…对……熟悉的
考点例题：The song is familiar _______to___me. = I am familiar ____with_______ the song.
1. rise(rose, risen)
（1）vi.上升，起立（床），增长
The amount of money spent in dealing with the problem of pollution keeps rising year by year.
（2）n. 上升,上涨，升起
arise in price涨价
give sb. a rise给某人提工资
a rise in the cost of living生活费用的增加
at the rise of the sun日出之时
拓展：
raise vt.举起，提出，提高，饲养
The price of rice has been raised lately.
= The price of rice has risen lately.
raise chickens养鸡
rise one’s voice提高嗓音
raise one’s hands举起手
2. injure v.受伤，伤害
They were slightly/seriously/badly injured in the crash.
Smoking will surely injure one’s health.
拓展：
injured adj.受伤的
injury n.伤口，受伤处
hurt(身体部位)感到疼；（肉体或精神上）受到伤害
wound受伤（枪伤/刀伤）等
harm意指无形伤害，“对……有害”常指伤及一个人的健康、权利、事业等
damage主要用于无生命的东西，常指对价值和功能的损坏，可修复。
destroy意为“毁坏，消灭”，指不可修复的破坏。
Reading in the sun harms your eyes.
It hurts me to think that so many people died in the flood.
In the battle, hundreds of soldiers were wounded and some were even killed.
考点例题：Although the city had been attacked by the storm several times, _____________was done.
A. a few damages B. few destroy C. little hurt D. little damage
三、重点短语：
1. care with关心，担忧，惦记
What she cares about is her own future.
I don’t care about what he is talking about.
拓展：
care for喜欢； 照顾；关心
He had to care for his sister while studying in college.
I care much for pop music.
2. change one’s mind改变主意
It is easy for him to change his mind, so don’t believe him easily.
拓展：
make up one’s mind下决心
keep one’s mind on专心于
read one’s mind看出某人的心思
bear/keep sth. in mind记住某事
speak one’s mind 坦率说出心里话
3. give in (to)(向……)屈服，让步
I will never give in to difficulties.
拓展：
give away泄露；送掉；赠送
give back归还
give up放弃（后接sth./doing sth.）
give off发出（蒸汽、光等）
give out分发；筋疲力尽
give way to让位于；妥协
We can’t give way to their demands.
He had no choice but to give up going abroad for further education.
4. for one thing…., for another一方面……另一方面……；一则……再则……
I am not going to Beijing for a holiday with them. For one thing, I have no time; for another, I have been there.
拓展：
On (the) one hand, on the other (hand)用以引出相互矛盾的观点和意见
On the one hand, the concert really is worth going to, but on the other hand, the ticket is too expensive.
5. tens of thousands of 数以万计的
Tens of thousands of people were watching the game in the stadium when it began to rain heavily.
拓展：
hundreds of数百的
hundreds of and thousands of 成百上千的
thousands of数千的
millions of数百万的
dozens of许多； 大量
scores of 许多； 大量
6. be known/well known as = be famous as作为……而出名
Shenzhen is well-known as a modern city.
拓展：
be known for因为……而闻名
be known to sb.为……所熟悉
It is known (to all) that…众所周知……
As is known (to all), ….众所周知……
It is well-known to us all it is very important to keep the balance of nature.
=As is well-known to us all, it is important to keep the balance of nature.
7. break out(战争、火灾、疫病等)突然发生，爆发
A fire broke out in the supermarket last night.
拓展：
break down出毛病，不运转
break away from脱离，摆脱……
break in插话，破门进入
break into破门闯入
break off突然终止
break through突围，突破
8. lose hope绝望
He never loses hope even when he fails.
lose heart泄气；灰心
lose courage沮丧
lose face丢脸；受屈辱
lose touch (with sb.)与某人失去联系
lose one’s way迷路
lose one’s breath上气不接下气
lose one’s head昏了头
lose one’s life丧生，遇害
四、重点句型
1. It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.是我姐姐首先想到骑自行车沿湄公河从它的源头骑到终点的。
It was …who…引导的是一个强调句型。两个where引导的从句均作介词宾语从句。
强调句型结构：
It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+其余部分
It was they that put forward the problem at the meeting.
It was not until you told me that I realized that she hadn’t turned up yet.
What is it that is happening there?
2. While dairy writers try to record how they feel very soon after things happen, journal writers try to better understand what has happened to them much later.
虽然日记作者试图在事情发生后不久就记录他们的感受，但是日记作者要在很久后才能努力尝试更好地理解发生在他们身上的事。
while引导的是一个让步状语从句，how和what引导的均为宾语从句。
while作连词用法小结：
（1）=though/although尽管，虽然
While I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they can’t be solved.
（2）与……同时
He listened to music while doing his homework.
（3）在……期间，当……时候
He fell off the bike while he was practicing riding.
（4）（表对比）而，却
He was against the plan while the majority was/were in favor of it.
Modu1e 1 Unit 5 & Module 2 Unit 1重点单词与短语
1. active adj.积极的，灵活的，活性的
Over seventy as he is, he is still active.
I can’t tell whether it is an active volcano.
拓展：
拓展：
be active in在……方面活跃，积极参加
take an active part in积极参加
act n./v.行为，举动，行动
action n.行为，做法
activity n.活动
actor/ actress n.（男女）演员
2. continue v.继续，持续，延续
continue + n.
continue to do /doing sth.
The road continues as far as we can see.
We can’t continue to work/working with all that noise going on.
拓展：
continue指“原来做的事现在还在做或有中断，然后继续做下去”；
go on后接to do sth.表继续做另一件事；后接doing sth.表继续做同一件事；go on with sth.继续干某事
last指“持续长久”。
The weatherman says that the fine weather will last a week.
3. reward
(1)n.报答，奖赏，报酬
He worked hard in hope of getting a financial reward.
(2)报答；酬谢
The old lady rewarded the boy with a smile.
They will be rewarded for what they have done.
拓展：
as a rewarded for …作为对……的报酬
give/offer a reward to sb. for sth.为某事而酬谢某人
reward sb. for sth./doing sth.为某事而酬谢某人
4. remain vi.保持，仍是。后常跟形容词、名词、介词短语及v.-ed或v.-ing
Mr. Smith remained active/ expressionless/ single/fat.
They remained friends/ partners/ competitors.
The coal mine（煤矿）reminds closed/ working regularly.
注：remainder n.残余；剩余物
5. wonder
(1)n.惊奇，奇迹
It’s a wonder (that) you recognized me.
(It’s) No wonder he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day.
(2)wonder作动词常用于以下词组及句型：
wonder +从句“自忖……，自问……，不知道……(想知道)”
Tom wondered why he was wanted by the police.
(3)wonder +if从句“请问您是否……”（用于礼貌地提出请求）
(4)wonder at对……感到惊奇
I wonder at his rudeness.
6. doubt
(1)n.怀疑；不确定； 不信任
There is no doubt about sth./ that ….毫无疑问……
without doubt确定地；无疑地
Without doubt, we will defeat them.
(2)v.对……无把握，怀疑
I don’t doubt that …我肯定……（=I’m sure/certain that…）
I doubt if/whether …我不确定……（=I’m not sure/certain if/whether…）
7. consider
vt.(1)考虑(=think about)
consider doing sth./sth.考虑做某事
I consider finding a new job.
(2)认为（=regard …as….）
consider sb./sth. as / to be…
We consider him as our wise leader.
consider it +形容词+ to do sth….认为做某事是……
I consider it necessary to remind him of his bad behaviour.
(3)考虑到；体谅（=take…into account/consideration）
considering…考虑到……
注：considerable adj.相当多的；相当大的
considerate adj.考虑周到的；体贴的
consideration n.考虑
三. 重点短语：
1. in trouble处于困境中，有麻烦

He is ready to help those who are in trouble.
拓展：
get into trouble遇到麻烦
make trouble制造麻烦
ask for trouble自找麻烦
have trouble in doing sth.做某事有困难
save trouble省事
take great trouble to do sth.不辞劳苦做某事
put sb. to the trouble of doing sth.麻烦某人做某事
2. out of work/ a job失业
He lost his job the year before last, that is to say, he has been out of work for nearly two years.
拓展：
at work在工作 off work在休班
after work下班后 go to work去上班
out of habit出于习惯
out of breath气喘吁吁
out of date过期；过时 = out of fashion
out of control失去控制
3. think highly of = have a good opinion of看重；高度评价
They think highly of your work abilities.
拓展：
What do you think of sb./ sth.?你认为某人/物怎么样？
think much/well of对……评价良好
think nothing of对……无所谓；不把……当回事
think badly/poorly of对……评价不高
think of sb./ sth. as…把……某人/物当作……
4. rather than不是别的，而是……
Rather than idle away his youth doing nothing in the large company, he started his own small business.
He ran rather than walked.
拓展：
would rather do sth…than do sth…宁愿做……；而不愿做……=prefer doing…to doing…)
other than = except for除了……； 而非
There is nobody here other than me.
考点例题：This crop doesn’t do well in soils ____the one for which it has been specially developed.
　　A) beyond B) rather than C) outside D) other than
　　解：other than意思是：不同于，除……之外；rather than意思是：而不是。根据句意：除了这块专门为它培育的土壤，这种作物在其它土壤上都生长不好。应选择D.
四. 重点句型
1. we were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government.
我们被置于这样一种境地，或者是被迫承认我们低人一等，或者是与政府作斗争。
这是一个主从复合句，in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词position。
类似的名词还有situation, stage, case等，作先行词时，可用where引导定语从句
Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed?
拓展：
介词+关系代词which在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when, where和why。
He is the boss of the restaurant where （= in which） we often have lunch.
Today when （= on which） the product will be put into us