高考英语二轮考点复习讲义阅读理解网络的发展与问题.doc

2013高考英语二轮考点复习讲义：阅读理解 网络的发展与问题
1．网络发展的利与弊的话题。
2．青少年上网要注意的事项和带来的教育问题。
3．网络隐私与安全问题。
4. 网络发展给社会带来的变革话题，例如知识产权保护等话题。
5. 网络技术可以带来经济利益的话题。
6. 网上购物、网上银行等现代网络的产物话题。
·链接高考
链接1.（2012四川卷）

In a recent announcement, Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) said that they have joined forces to offer free online courses in an effort to attract millions of online learners worldwide.
Beginning this fall, a number of courses developed by teachers at both universities will be offered online through a new S 60 million program, known as edX. "Anyone with an Internet connection anywhere in the world can use our online courses," Harvard President Drew Faust said during a meeting to announce the plan.
MIT has offered a program called OpenCourseWare for ten years that makes materials from more than 2,000 classes free online. It has been used by more than 100 million people. In December, the school announced it also would begin offering a special certificate, known as MITx. for people who complete certain online courses. Harvard has long offered courses to a wider population through a similar program.
The MITx will serve as the foundation for the new learning platform.
MIT President Susan Hockfield said more than 120,000 people signed up for the first MITx course. She said Harvard and MIT hope other universities will join them in offering courses on the open-source edX platform.
"Fasten your seatbelts," Hockfield said.
Other universities, including Stanford. Yale and Camegic-Mellon, have been experimenting with teaching to a global population online.
The Harvard-MIT program will be monitored by a not-for-profit (fS^JA) organization based in Cambridge, to be owned equally by the two universities. Both MIT and Harvard have provided S30 million to start the program. They also plan lo use the cdX plalfonn to research how students learn and which teaching methods and tools are most successful.
53. According to this text, edX is .
A. a part of the free MIT OpenCourseWare
B. a free computer program by MIT and Harvard
C. a Harvard-MIT platform of free online courses
D. a free program online for universities worldwide
54. What is said about online education in the text?
A. Universities have been trying online courses.
B. About 2,000 online courses have been offered.
C. Over 100 million people have finished courses online.
D. Stanford and Yale together have courses similar to cdX.
55. The underlined part in the text probably means _______.
A. Gel ready for the difficulties
B. Get ready for this educational change
C. Get prepared to complete the online courses
D. Gel prepared to make materials for the edX courses
56. What can be said about MITx according to the text?
A. It is first offered as part of the edX learning program.
B. It is another free MIT-Harvard online learning program.
C. It is a standard to recognize online learners' achievement.
D. It is a new kind of free online course of Harvard and MIT.
55.【答案】B
【试题解析】推理判断题。根据全文的整体理解，和本句的表面意思：绑紧安全带，可以推断出在这里的意思是：紧跟教育的变化，不落伍。故答案Ｂ符合文意。

链接2. 2010陕西卷
When I first got an email account ten years ago, I received communications only from family, friends, and colleagues. ①Now it seems that every time I check my e-mail ,I have an endless series of advertisement and other correspondence that do not interest me at all. If we want e-mail to continue to be useful, we need special laws that make spamming(发送垃圾邮件) a crime.
This problem is troubling for individuals and companies as well. Many spam emails contain computer viruses that can shut down the entire network of a company. Companies rely on e-mail on e-mail for their Comployees to communicate with each other. Spam frequently causes failures in their local communications networks, and their employees are thus unable to communicate effectively. Such a situation results in a loss of productivity and requires companies to repeatedly repay their networks. These computer problems raise production costs of companies ,which are, in the end, passed on to the consumer.
For these reasons, I believe that lawmakers need to legislate (立法) against spam. Spammers should be fined, and perhaps sent to prison if they continue to disturb people. E-mail is a tool which helps people all over the world to communicate conveniently, but spam is destroying this convenience.
57.What does the underlined word “correspondence” in the Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. messages B. ideas C. connections D.programs
58.According to the text, what is the major cause of the flooding spam?
A. Companies rely on e-mail for communications.
B. More people in the world communicate by e-mail.
C. Many computer viruses contain spam e-mail.
D. More advertisers begin to promote sales through spam.
59.According to Paragraph 3,who is the final victim of spam?
A. The business B. The advertiser
C. The employee D. The consumer
60.What is the purpose of the text?
A. To inform B. To educate C. To persuade D. To instruct
【文章导读】随着网络信息技术的发展，越来越多的人们实用网络邮箱来传递信息，但现在垃圾邮件的泛滥已经成为网络用户们深恶痛绝的事情，人们呼吁立法来阻止垃圾邮件的泛滥。
57. A。词义猜测题。根据本文中的e-mail一词以及endless series of advertisements可以推断出correspondence在此处意思是：信件，垃圾邮件，由此可知本题选A。
58. D。推理判断题。由第二自然段中的As more and more advertisers turn to spam to sell their products, individual e-mail boxes are often flooded with spam e-mails.一句可知本题选D。
59. D。推理判断题。根据本段的最后一句可知本题选D。
60. C。推理判断题。通读全文可知本文作者摆出了垃圾邮件的危害，其目的是说服立法人员尽快出台法律阻止垃圾邮件的蔓延，故本题选C。
·错题集
57. 本题为词意猜测题目，出错率往往比较高，本题很多考生选择了D项，主要是因为他们看到了advertisements一词，认为既然是广告，就应该是栏目、节目等。实际他们没有意识到这里讲的主要是e-mail，而e-mail主要是信息，也就是message。
58. 本题很多同学从我们的日常出发，选择了A项和B项，实际本题有比较准确的意群来解决这个问题，但是很多同学没有去找，只是根据自己的常识判断，因而选错。
·专项训练
A
PALO ALTO, Calif.--A handful of enterprising teens have a message for parents and the media: the Net is not all MySpace or Facebook horror stories.
In the crowd here at the "Next Generation Tech: Tech Plugged" conference, some teens are talking up their Web start-ups and technology inventions, a sign that--like the average cell phone user--the profile of a tech entrepreneur(企业家) is getting younger and younger.
Ben Casnocha, for example, kicked off SD Forum's half-day event at Hewlett-Packard by talking about how he started an e-government software company at age 14. A San Francisco Bay Area resident, he got the idea from a sixth-grade class assignment in which he helped to clean up the dirty seats at the 49ers football stadium. With virtually no way to complain about the condition of the seats, he set out to create a complaint-and-resolution Web site. What ultimately（最后地）resulted from the project was Comcate, a Web-based software company for public agencies to handle customer service.
Not skipping a beat, his dad asked back: "Why aren't your grades better?"
1. The first paragraph implies that ________.
A. parents and media hold different opinions about web
B. parents and their children lack communications
C. net brings more good than harm
D. inventing Elementeo
5. Who has got a patent right for his/her achievement?
A. Ben Casnocha
B. Ben Einbender
C. Anshul Samur
D. Daniel Fukuba
B
While there are still many people who don't feel comfortable using a credit card to buy over the Internet, e-commerce is absolutely here to stay. If you take a few precautions buying over the Internet can actually be safer than using your credit card in a restaurant.
Just as you should notice your surroundings and suspicious-looking people when withdrawing (提取) money from an ATM, you should know how to recognize the warning signs of Internet tricks and take steps to avoid being a victim when shopping online. Here are some good tips to remember when shopping online:
⑤Before submitting your personal information to a site, try to find out how the information
may be used and whether it will be sold to or shared with other businesses. If you don't like what you read, shop somewhere else.
Don't provide personal information such as address , telephone number, social security number , or e-mail address unless you know who you are providing the information for, why it' s being requested , and how it will be used .
Use a credit card, not a debit card (借记卡) for shopping on the internet. Debit cards don't have the same protection as credit cards.
Carefully review your credit card and bank statement each month for unknown charges and inform your credit card company or bank immediately if you notice any charges you didn't know about.
Clean your computer with free online software that detects spy-ware and install a firewall (防火墙) to ensure the sites you shop on don' t install spy-ware on your computer.
1. While shopping online, you should
A. be sure nobody is standing beside you
B. only shop at the site that you have often visited
C. find out how the personal information will be used
D. never provide personal information
2. According to the passage, if you find your credit card has unexplained charges, you should
A. tell your credit card company as soon as possible
B. change your credit card code number immediately
C. check all the websites you have visited
D. use a debit card instead of a credit card3. The underlined word "precaution" in Paragraph One means something done to_______.
A. make suspicious—looking people go away
B. protect you against loss or possible dangers
C. remind you to obey the rules when sopping online
D. avoid being cheated when eating in a restaurant
4. What is not advised by the writer when shopping online?
A. Using credit cards.
B. Installing a firewall.
C. Visiting famous websites.
D. Being very careful.
5. What' s the writer' s purpose in writing this passage?
A. To suggest a new way of shopping.
B. To tell us the advantages of shopping online.
C. To tell us how to shop safely online.
D. To tell us how to avoid being cheated.
C
“The poll confirms that parents continue to have issues with their kids' Web use, but those issues aren't scaring them away from letting their kids go online,” said James Steyer, CEO of Common Sense Media, which commissioned the study with Cable in the Classroom.
It found that 24 percent of parents reported their kids were exposed to strong language, sexual or violent content online over the past year and 52 percent of parents said their child was exposed to advertising.
But to address these problems 74 percent of parents visited Web sites with their children, 56 percent reported using a filter or blocking software, and 55 percent would visit a Web site before their child.
It also found that 85 percent talked to their children about online safety in the past year. “We know parents understand that talking to their children about using the Internet is a really important thing to do,” said Helen Soule, executive director of Cable in the Classroom.
1. Most parents didn’t ban their kids' Internet use mainly because _____.
A. Internet had become part of kids’ life
B. the issues kids encountered were not serious
C. they found it difficult to do so
D. their kids benefited from Internet as well
2. The attitude of parents towards issues in the Internet was ______.
A. negative
B. positive
C. extreme
D. sensitive
3. According to the passage, which measure was most effective?
A. using a filter or blocking software
B. banning or restricting online access
C. monitoring their children
D. talking to their children about online safety
4. The underlined word “address” in Paragraph 7 can be replaced by ______.
A. speak to
B. come to
C. deal with
D. take up
5. Most of parents agreed that _______.
A. Internet was of great help for kids’ study
B. kids spent too much time on the Internet
C. kids were greatly influenced by advertisements
D. bad behaviors of kids came from Internet
·答案速递
A篇：1、C．根据the Net is not all MySpace or Facebook horror stories，有作为的青少年认为网络不仅仅MySpace 或 Facebook这样的网站给孩子们带来的不好的影响。言外之意是这些青少年认为网络有更多的好处。
2、B．从第一段的A handful of enterprising teens have a message for parents and the media和最后一段…his dad sitting in the audience的叙述中可知，这是由青少年和父母们参加的一个对话节目。
3、B。结合上下文，这里是指Ben Casnocha以讲述他怎样建立网上政府软件公司开始了他的演讲。所以kick off在这里是“开始”的意思。
4、D．Anshul Samur是作为一个在科学技术方面有突出成就的青少年的例子，所以他作为例子的原因应是他在科技方面的成就，即他发明的教小孩学化学的纸牌游戏－Elementeo。
5、D．从倒数第三段His idea was patented with money from Cisco, which now holds the intellectual property rights, according to Fakuba.处可知，Daniel Fukuba的想法获得了专利权。
B 篇：1. C。细节理解题。根据第四段可知C正确，D错；文章第二段第一句话只是说在ATM机上取钱的时候要当心身旁有可疑的人，并没有说在网上购物时旁边不能有人，A错；·黄金表达
①Now it seems that every time I check my e-mail ,I have an endless series of advertisement and other correspondence that do not interest me at all.现在看起来，几乎每次我检查的我的邮箱的时候，我都会发现无休止的根本引不起我兴趣的一连串信息。
②If someone else wishes to represent the idea or develop it further, he/ she must consult the original artists, who will normally be rewarded financially for its use.如果有别人描绘或发展这个想法更深入的话，他/它必需要请教原创的艺术家，他们自然地将会由于它的用途来被经济奖励。
③What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle an ever larger number of electronic devices as they study.今天我们经常看到的是，当年轻人学习时候，玩大量的电子产品。
④His idea was patented with money from Cisco, which now holds the intellectual property rights, according to Fakuba. 按照Fakuba的说法，他的创意被全球网络供应商Cisco支付资金取得来专利，为此他们现在拥有这个知识产权。
⑤Before submitting your personal information to a site, try to find out how the information
may be used and whether it will be sold to or shared with other businesses. 在提交你的个人信息给一个网站之前，尽量找出对你有用的信息，并且它是用来卖的还是和别的企业分享的。
⑥Most U.S. parents said their children had encountered “issues” like bad language, sex or advertising online over the past year, but they are not stopping their kids' Internet use, according to a new study. 大部分的美国父母说在过去的几年里，他们的孩子都遭遇过网上的下流语言、性和其他的网上广告，但是对于一种新的学习，他们不会停止孩子的上网使用。
·单词百宝箱
individual n.  个人
The purpose of the law is to protect the right of the individual.该法律目的是为了保护个人权利。
productivity U  生产率，生产力 
Computers have greatly increased productivity in business offices.计算机大大提高了商务办公室的工作效率。
She's going to India on a special assignment for her newspaper.她受委派到印度去执行报社的一项特殊任务。
virtually adv. 实际上,事实上
The job was virtually completed by the end of the week. 事实上是，到周末时这项工作差不多完成了。
patent vt. 获得……专利，给予……专利权 
If you don't patent you invention, someone might steal the idea.如果你不为你的发明取得专利权，会有人剽窃其构思的。
submit vt. & vi. 提出，提交
The representatives submitted many important problems for discussion.代表们提出了许多重要的问题来讨论。
detect vt. 发现; 发觉,查明
He was detected stealing something.有人发现他在偷东西。
install vt. 安装
It has been rather costly to install the machine, but it should pay off in the long run.安装这台机器相当费钱,但从长远来看,是上算的。
encounter vt.遇到,遭遇 
On her way home she encountered an old friend.在回家的路上,她偶遇一个老朋友。
release vt. 释放; 放开
Release the dog.He has been chained up for hours.把狗放开,它已被拴了好几个钟头了。
poll n.民意调查,民意调查的结果
The latest poll gives the Republicans a 5％ lead.最近的民意调查结果表明共和党领先了五个