考研英语阅读真题及详细解析2004.doc

2004 Text 1

　　Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site's "personal search agent". It's an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. "I struck gold," says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company.
　　With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: "Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility." says one expert.
　　For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept — what you think you want to do — then broaden it. "None of these programs do that," says another expert. "There's no career counseling implicit in all of this." Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. "I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me," says the author of a job-searching guide.
　　Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite's agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs — those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them — and they do. "On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic," says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite.
　　Even those who aren't hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. "You always keep your eyes open," he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.
41. How did Redmon find his job?
　　[A] By searching openings in a job database.
　　[B] By posting a matching position in a database.
　　[C] By using a special service of a database.
　　[D] By E-mailing his resume to a database.
42. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?
　　[A] Lack of counseling.
　　[B] Limited number of visits.
　　[C] Lower efficiency.
　　[D] Fewer successful matches.
43. The expression "tip service" (line 3, paragraph 3) most probably means ________.
　　[A] advisory
　　[B] compensation
　　[C] interaction
　　[D] reminder
44. Why does CareerSite's agent offer each job hunter only three job options?
　　[A] To focus on better job matches.
　　[B] To attract more returning visits.
　　[C] To reserve space for more messages.
　　[D] To increase the rate of success.
45. Which of the following is true according to the text?
　　[A] Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.
　　[B] Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.
　　[C] Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.
　　[D] Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.
重点词汇
stumble across /on/upon（无意间碰到，偶然发现）Stumble 跌跌撞撞地走;stumble about 步履蹒跚He stumbled along the road.他在路上绊倒了。[记]stumblen./v. 绊倒 ([巧记]词根umb＝ump＝突起 如:stump n. 树桩；v. 绊倒)
database /5deitEbeis/ （数据库＝databank） 即data 数据+base 基地

key in （键入）
notification / 7nEutifi5keiFEn/ （通知，告示） here have been no more notifications of SARS case in the last week.上星期已没有SARS病例的报告 [记]notify v通知 通告

strike[straik] （邂逅,发现） strike gold

criteria n.标准

opening （空缺，机会）a business opening经商的好机会 opening words 开场白

drawback / 5drC:7bAk/ （缺点，障碍;退款）Complancency is a drawback to progresss. 自满是进步的障碍 duty drawback关税退税 Elimination of this squalor is the main object of our policies.根除这类贫困是我们政策的主要目标[巧记]draw=拉，拖+back

eliminate / i5limineit / （排除，消除；淘汰） eliminate trade barriers 破除贸易壁垒 eliminate the losing team from the compentition 淘汰输队出竞赛

counseling / 5kaunsEliN/ （[专家针对个人问题所作的]建议;劝告;协商）vocational counseling 职业辅导[记]counselor：n 顾问；律师；辅导员；counsel：n.讨论, 商议, 辩护律师vt.劝告, 忠告

implicit / im5plisit / （内含的，含蓄的）implict acceptance 默认 implicit obedience 盲从 obligations which are implicit in the contract.合同中未直接载明的责任 [反义词]explicit

keep abreast of （与…齐头并进；了解…的最新情况） keep abreast of what is going on by reading the newspapers.阅读报纸了解形势的发展

tempt /tempt / （诱惑，吸引） He was tempted into a life of crime by greed and laziness. 他受贪婪和懒惰的驱使步入了罪恶的一生 The sunny day tempted me into shorts and a T-shirt.阳光和煦，我禁不住穿上了短裤和T恤

compensation /kCmpen5seiFEn /（补偿，赔偿）Age has its compensations.人到老年有所失亦有所得compensation trade补偿贸易 unemployment compensation 失业救济补助金

indispensable（不可缺少的）Air and water are indispensable to life.空气和水是生命所必需的东西。[记] dispensable（可有可无的）dispend（用，浪费）

难句分析：
①It's an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database.
该强调句的主干是：It is （an interactive feature）that （lets…then… E-mails…），强调主语an interactive feature。That 后面连接的是两个谓语动词结构：let sb. Do sth。和名词活用为动词的E-mail。Such as…结构举例说明job criteria。When引导的时间状语从句修饰整个句子
翻译：它的特点是互动，允许访问者自定求职要求诸如工作地点、职位和薪水，当资料库里出现与个人要求相匹配的工作岗位时它就会通过电子邮件通知求职者。

②Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again.
该句子分句前后是两个分句，后一分句对前一分句作进一步解释。前一分句的主干是the best strategy is to use the agent，as…介词短语结构意为“当做…”。不定式结构“to keep…”表示目的。
翻译：相反，最佳的策略是把代理当作一种提示服务来及时跟踪某一资料库里的工作岗位信息。当你收到电子邮件时，你就把它当作一种提醒再去查一查资料库。

③When CareerSite's agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs — those it considers the best matches.
For example 点明了这个句子和前一句之间的关系；举例说明前面一句话。该句子的主干是：t includes only three potential jobs。When引导时间状语从句。破折号后是potential jobs的同位语，中心词是those，后面接定语从句，句子中的it回指CareerSite's agent
翻译：比如，当求职网代理向注册服务的用户发送信息时，它只提供三个它认为最可能匹配的岗位。

④Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise.
该句子的主干是Some use them，两个并列的不定式结构 to keep…or gather…在句子中做目的状语。在第二个目的状语中又含有一个表示目的的不定式短语 to arm…。
翻译：有些人利用搜索代理密切观察对于本行业的需求或搜集有关加薪的信息以备增薪谈判时胸有成竹。

答案解析：
本文的主题是关于网络求职的个人搜寻代理 (personal search agent)。作者开篇列举Gant Redmon律师利用个人搜寻代理找到了工作的例子引出主题，说明了个人搜寻代理的好处。接着谈论了个人搜寻代理的不足之处。随后阐述建立网络职业的个人搜寻代理的目的是为了吸引求职者的再次访问，从而提高网站的访问率。最后提出个人搜寻代理对那些有职业的人来说也同样有作用。

41. [C] 本题的难度值为0.527，中等难度。区分度为0.424，比较理想。
题干问：“Redmon是如何找到工作的？” 本题可以定位在第1自然段，归纳该段的话题可知，他通过了“personal search agent”这个特殊服务来找到了工作，因此选项［Ｃ］正确，“使用资料库的一项特殊服务”是原文话题信息的同义转述。
选项［A］意为“通过在工作资料库搜寻工作机会”，Redmon不是通过这个来找到工作的，而这只是其寻找工作的过程罢了。因此不能入选。
选项［B］意为“通过在资料库刊登一个合适的职位”，这个请注意，这件事不是Redmon做的，而是数据库做的。Redmon只不过提交给了数据库一定的信息，经由数据库整理后才刊登出来的。而题目问的是Redmon的行为，因此不能入选。
选项［D］意为“通过给资料库发送个人简历的电子邮件”，这个同A选项，这个也只是Redmon寻找工作的一个过程，而不能成为其找到工作的关键。因此不能入选。

42. [A] 本题的难度值为0.393，中等难度。
题干问：“下面哪项可能是搜寻代理的劣势？” 注意题干中含有情态动词“can”，询问的是某种判断。从原文第二段末尾可以看出作者要在第三段讨论这种系统的drawbacks，然后对第三段的信息进行归纳，该段第1句中的“a narrow concept”与下文“no career counseling”构成了重复和照应关系。由第三段前三句可以看出，专家陈述到：这些程序缺少的是职业查询，也就是给予职业的建议。因此联系选项［A］“缺乏建议”可推理为正确选项。
选项［B］意为“访问数量有限”。这个在原文中没有明确提及，更没有指出这是系统的缺点。如果从第二段第二句来推敲这个选项，那么限制访问也应该是优点，是为了防止效率低下所采取的手段，而不是缺点。因此不能入选。
选项［Ｃ］意为“较低的效率”。这个有一定的迷惑性。为原文第二段首句“time-consuming and inefficient”的曲解。原文明显是欲扬先抑，先说会效率低，然后又说系统减少了重复访问来提高效率。因此该选项不符合题干的要求。
选项［D］意为“成功的匹配较少”。虽然该选项中的“matches”在文中反复出现，但文章没有指出成功匹配较少这个观点。相反，由第一段的例子可以看出匹配的成功率还是挺高的，否则作者就没有必要举一个成功的例子了。因此排除该选项。

43. [D] 本题的难度值为0.38，中等难度。
题干问：“在第3段第3行，‘tip service’的含义最可能是 ……”。题干中短语的位置出现在原文第3段中，根据原文“tip service”与下文的“reminder”构成了概念的重复和照应关系。由第三段第四句的这句话：when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again.可以看出reminder这个词刚好和提示相对应。所以应该选择选项［D］“提示”。
选项［A］意为“咨询”，这个请参见42题，可知这种系统所缺乏的正是咨询这个功能，而题目中的tip service却是该系统的一项功能。因此不能入选。
［B］意为“酬金”。这个选项可能是针对有些考生把tip当成小费理解了，因此选了相关的B选项。但是考研最忌讳这种主观判断了，一定要联系上下文才能得出正确结论。
［C］意为“互动”，这个在原文中没有体现。所以一定要注意原句，分号前后由很强的对比性，所以根据后面的reminder就可以推出tip service是什么意思了。

44. [B] 本题的难度值为0.677，比较容易。区分度为0.425，比较理想。
题干问：“为什么职业网站代理给每个求职者只提供三个工作选择？” 本题可定位在第四段，该段的话题是“job hunters to return”。第四段第一句指出，有些网站设置搜索工具，吸引求职者回访。其实，就返回的观点在第2段第2句中已经给出了暗示（repeated visits）。因此选项［B］“为了吸引更多回访”正确。选项［A］意为“为了集中于更好的工作匹配”虽然道理上讲是正确的，但是由原文得知归根结底还是为了吸引顾客回访，因为整个第四段都是在陈述这个问题。
选项［Ｃ］意为“为了留出空间储存更多的信息”。这个明显只是很表面的原因，在原文根本没有提及。
选项［D］意为“为了增加成功的速度”。同C选项，在原文中没有提及。CD两个选项都属于设计给不看原文只看题目的考生看的。

45. [C] 本题的难度值为0.816，比较容易。区分度为0.469，比较理想。
题干问：“根据本文，下面哪项是正确的？” 本题自然定位在第五段，该段再次重申了求职代理对求职者的好处，其中包括了已经就业者。该段首句明确指出了即使不需要找工作的人也可以从中获益。因此联系选项［Ｃ］“个人搜寻代理对那些有职业的人来说也同样有作用”，正确。其实，在本文的第1自然段就已经暗示出了这一观点。选项［A］意为“个人搜寻代理对求职者是必不可少”，这种表述太绝对化，往往这种带有绝对化色彩的选项不是正确选项。
选项［B］“某些网站一直给求职者发送电子邮件为了跟踪他们的需要” ，这个在原文只提到过某些网站给求职者发送电子邮件，而并不是为了他们的需要。由44题可知，这么做的目的还是为了提高用户的回访率。其实从常理角度也应该知道这一点的。
选项［D］意为“一旦人们求职成功，某些代理不再给他们提供信息”这个与第四段所给的信息恰恰相反，代理会一直发送message给求职者，以求提高回访率的。因此不能入选。
译文：
去年年末，甘特·雷德曼律师在找工作时偶然在网上发现职业资料库“职业建筑师”。他找来找去并没有找到什么工作，但被这个网址上的“个人搜索代理”所吸引。它的特点是互动，允许访问者自定求职要求诸如工作地点、职位和薪水，当资料库里出现与个人要求相匹配的工作岗位时它就会通过电子邮件通知求职者。雷德曼选择关键词“法律”、“知识产权”和“华盛顿特区”。过了三个星期，雷德曼接到第一份有职位空缺的通知。他说：“我掘到了金子。”他把个人简历用电子邮件寄给了雇主，接着就得到了一份驻公司顾问的职务。

　　因特网上与求职相关的网址数以千计，寻找可能的职业空缺费时效率又低。有了搜索代理，就没那么多必要反复访问资料库了。不过，虽然有一个搜索代理成功地为雷德曼找到了工作，就业专家却还是认为搜索代理并不如人意。比如缩小你的要求条件就有可能对你不利。一位专家说：“你每回答一次问题你就丧失一次机会。”

　　寻找任何职业，你都要从一个狭窄的概念开始，即你想干什么工作，然后再加以扩展。有一位专家说：“任何这些程序中都没有那种扩展功能。”“所有这一切都不包含职业咨询。”相反，最佳的策略是把代理当作一种提示服务来及时跟踪某一资料库里的工作岗位信息。当你收到电子邮件时，你就把它当作一种提醒再去查一查资料库。一位职业搜索指南的作者说：“我不会依赖代理在数据库增加的每一项内容里去逐一寻找可能令我感兴趣的东西。”

　　一些网络谋划让代理诱惑寻职者成为回头客。比如，当求职网代理向注册服务的用户发送信息时，它只提供三个它认为最可能匹配的岗位。可能，在资料库里还有更多的匹配项；求职者于是只好再次访问这个网址来寻找一求职者的确会一而再、再而三地来上网寻找。求职网销售副总裁塞思·皮茨说：“我们发送这些信息的当天访问量就急剧增长。”

　　即使非求职的人士也会发现搜索代理值得一览。有些人利用搜索代理密切观察对于本行业的需求或搜集有关加薪的信息以备增薪谈判时胸有成竹。雷德曼虽然已愉快就职，但他与“职业建筑师”网代理的联系依旧保持着。他说：“你要永远睁大眼睛。”使用个人搜索代理等于多一双眼睛替你在观察。

黑暗版考研英语历年阅读真题解析·附录1

2004 Text 2

　　Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
　　It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoë Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.
　　Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush's predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi). The world's three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world's five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).
　　Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.
　　The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.
46. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?
　　[A] A kind of overlooked inequality.
　　[B] A type of conspicuous bias.
　　[C] A type of personal prejudice.
　　[D] A kind of brand discrimination.
47. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?
　　[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.
　　[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoë Zysman.
　　[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies' names.
　　[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.
48. The 4th paragraph suggests that ________.
　　[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students
　　[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape form class
　　[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students
　　[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight
49. What does the author mean by "most people are literally having a ZZZ" (line 2, paragraph 5)?
　　[A] They are getting impatient.
　　[B] They are noisily dozing off.
　　[C] They are feeling humiliated.
　　[D] They are busy with word puzzles.
50. Which of the following is true according to the text?
　　[A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.
　　[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.
　　[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.
　　[D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.
重点词汇：
discrimination（歧视）Discrimination against women is not allowed.歧视妇女是不能允许的。[记] discrimination辨别, 识别力

condemn / kEn5dem / （声讨，谴责）we all condem cruelty to children.我们一致谴责虐待儿童的行为 The meat was condemned as unfairt for human consumption.这种肉已宣布不适宜食用。（有“人猪恋[球菌]” 哦J）[巧记] 即con加强意义+demn詛咒指责。

insidious / in5sidiEs / （暗中进行的，不知不觉的）insidious diease 潜伏的疾病 the insidious approach of age不知不觉就老了 （ life is short and time is swift .孩子们努力吧！）

unaware（没觉察到的）[记] unaware常与of, that连用 [反义词] aware（知道的, 明白的, 意识到的）conscious（有意识的, 有知觉的）

thrive / Wraiv/ （兴旺，繁荣） He that will thrive, must rise at five. [谚]五更起床, 百事兴旺。[巧记]th＋rive（河流）古代河流两岸的居住地都是繁荣兴旺的地方。
thumb through （ 翻阅[书页] ）[巧记] thumb（拇指；以拇指拨弄；用拇指翻