高考英语二轮考点复习讲义阅读理解地理.doc

2013高考英语二轮考点复习讲义：阅读理解-地理
链接1. （2012山东卷）
San Francisco has its cable cars. Seattle has its Space Needle. Anil, Longview has its squirrel bridge. The bridge, which has attracted international attention, is now a local landmark.
The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in 1963 by a local builder, Amos Peters, to give squirrels a way to cross the busy road without getting flattened by passing cars.
The original bridge was built over Olympia Way on the west edge of the library grounds. Before the bridge was built, squirrels had to avoid traffic to and from the Park Plaza office building where office staff put out a nutty feast for the squirrels. Many times, Peters and others who worked in and near Park Plaza witnessed squirrels being run over.
One day Peters found a dead squirrel with a nut still in its mouth, and that day's coffee break discussion turned into squirrel safety. The group of businessmen cooked up the squirrel bridge idea and formed a committee to ask die blessing of the City Council (市政会). The Council approved, and Councilwoman Bess LaRiviere jokingly named the bridge "Nutty Narrows. "
After architects designed the bridge, Amos Peters and Bill Hutch started construction. They built the 60-foot bridge from aluminum and lengths of fire hose (消防水带). It cost $1,000.
It didn't take long before reports of squirrels using the bridge started. Squirrels were even seen guiding their young and teaching them the ropes. The story was picked up by the media, and Nutty arrows became known in newspapers all over the world.
In 1983, after 20 years of use, Peters took down the worn-out bridge. Repairs were made and crosspieces were replaced. The faded sign was repainted did in July 1983, hundreds of animal lovers attended the completion ceremony of the new bridge.
Peters died in 1984, and a ten-foot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the project.
67. The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in order to_______.
A. offer squirrels a place to cat nuts
B. set up a local landmark
C. help improve traffic
D. protect squirrels
68 What happened over the coffee break discussion?
A. The committee got the Council's blessing.
B. The squirrel bridge idea was born.
C. A councilwoman named the bridg
D. A squirrel was found dead.
69 What does the underlined phrase "teaching them the ropes" probably mean in the text?
A. Passing them a rope. B. Directing them to store food for winter.
C. Teaching them a lesson. D. Showing them how to use the bridge.
70. Which of the following is true of the squirrel bridge?
A. It was replaced by a longer one. B. It was built from wood and metal.
C. It was rebuilt after years of use. D. It was designed by Bill Hutch.
71. What can we learn about Amos Peters?
A. He is remembered for his love of animals.
B. He donated $1,000 to build the bridge.
C. He was a member of the City Council.
D. He was awarded a medal for building the bridge.
【难度】一般
69.【答案】D
【试题解析】词意推测题。本句话的意思是“人们甚至看到松鼠们教给他们的孩子使用绳索”，言下之意是“教给他们怎样使用这座桥”，故答案选D。
【难度】一般
70.【答案】C
【试题解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，经过了20多年的使用，Peters拆除了这座破旧的桥，又重建了一座新桥，故答案选C。
【难度】一般

链接2. 2010安徽卷
The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world’s supply of water. ②With 97% of the world’s water too salty to be drunk or be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. ③Although the idea of a water shortage(短缺)seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the world’s agricultural industries experience constant water shortages .
Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution(重新分配) are very high. Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself ,but there is also an environmental cost to be considered .Where valleys(山谷) are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed . Besides , water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements.
This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation(灌溉). In Texas, farmers’ overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores , In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA ,a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys , but much of the water use has been poorly managed.
Saudi Arabia’s attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation（灌溉） water from underground reserves . Because there is no rainfall in these areas ,such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry.
72. From the first two paragraphs we learn that .
A. much of the world’s water is available for use
B. people in high rainfall countries feel lucky
C. the costs of water redistribution should be considered
D. water can be easily carried through pipes across the world
73. Which of the following is true?
A. The water stores in Texas have been reduced by 75%.
B. Most industries in the world suffer from water shortages.
C. The underground water in Saudi Arabia might run out in 20 years.
D. Good management of water use resulted from the project in the Central Valley.
74. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?
A. Steps to improving water use management.
B. Ways to reduce the costs of building dams.
C. Measures to deal with worldwide water shortages.
D. Approaches to handling the pressure on water supply.
75. The text is mainly about  .
A. water supply and increasing population
B. water use management and agriculture
C. water redistribution and wildlife protection
D. water shortages and environmental protection
A
The Earth’s axis(轴) is an imaginary line that runs through the middle of the Earth from the North Pole to the South Pole. The axis of the earth is tilted (倾斜) about 23.5 degrees. This tilt of the earth results in our seasons.
In June, the Northern Hemisphere (半球) is tilted toward the sun, so the people in the Northern Hemisphere have longer and warmer days. The days are shorter and colder in the Southern Hemisphere in June, because the Earth is tilted away from the sun. The days start getting shorter in the Northern Hemisphere and longer in the Southern Hemisphere after about June 21. This is the first day of summer in the Northern Hemisphere and the first day of winter in the southern hemisphere. Daytime lasts exactly as long as nighttime on the first day of autumn (about September 21) and the first day of spring (about March 21). The first day of winter in the Northern Hemisphere, usually December 21, is the shortest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere and the longest day of the year in the Southern Hemisphere.
The days are longer in summer and shorter in winter the further you move from the equator. It’s generally dark on a summer night in Florida by 8:30 p.m., but in Vermont, there will still be some light at 10:00 p.m. ④The situation is reversed in winter, where the sun will go down in 3. According to the passage, we can infer that .
A. in the Northern Hemisphere, the more northern, the longer daytime in summer
B. in the Southern Hemisphere, the more northern, the shorter daytime in winter
C. Florida is further to the equator than Vermont
D. In China, Changchun’s daytime in winter is longer than that of Guangzhou
4. Northern Alaska gets the name “Land of the Midnight Sun” because ________.
A. it is always daytime during the summer months
B. it is located in the center of the Earth
C. it is located on the equator of the Earth
D. only at midnight can people there see the sun
5. If we want to make science research in Antarctica, we may choose the following months EXCEPT _______.
A. December B. January C. February D. June
B
In early times Europeans did not know Australia was there. But they thought there must be land in the south of the world. So, about 500 years ago, on their maps of the world, they put it in a big southern continent. In those days they wrote in Latin instead of their own languages. The name they gave to this unknown continent was in Latin. It was Term Austmha. In English this is Unknown Southern Land. So when the British found this land, they called it Australia.
But the British were not the first Europeans to find Australia. Portuguese, Spanish and Dutch sailors all saw it earlier. That was at the beginning of the 17th century . The Dutchman Willem JansToon was actually the very first European to find the coast of north Australia. The Dutch had already named the islands Indonesia. They wanted the spices that grow there. In 1606, Janszoon sailed south to look for more spice islands. He did not find any, but he found Australia. There were no spices there, so he was not interested in it.
Spanish and Portuguese sailors followed him. They sailed along the north and west coasts. They also did not think much of this new land. The Dutch called it New Holland, after their own country. The British and French followed the Dutch. The first British sailors to come to Australia also did not think much of it. That was in 1688.
So at first none of the Europeans were interested in this new discovery. But 70 years later the British Government became interested in it. They were afraid the French would take the new land. So they sent Captain James Cook in his small ship to get there first.
I. Europeans discovered Australia __
A. 500 years ago B. in 1606 C. in 1688 D. about 200 years ago
2. The new land was named Australia by __
A. the Portuguese B. the British C. the Spanish D. the Dutch
3. Britain took Australia because ________.
A. it was a large continent
B. no other countries wanted to take it
C. the Dutch had taken the islands Indonesia
D. it did not want to let France get it
4. Put the following events in order according to the passage.
a. Captain James Cook was sent to Australia.
b. The Dutchman Willem Janszoon found Austrlia.
c. the first British sailors did not think much of Australia.
d. Spanish and Portuguese sailors found Australia.
e. The British Government became interested in it.
A. a-c-d-b-e B. b-d-c-e-a C. e-d-a-c-b D. d-e-b-a-c
5.What is the best title for this passage?
A. How did Australia get its name?
B. The discovery of Australia.
C. Why did Britain take Australia?'
D. The unknown Southern Land.
C
3. From the passage we can learn that _______.
A. no one had ever known the desert before the miners
B. it’s still not easy to travel across the desert
C. people can find gas-stations, cafes and hotels in the desert
D. people have changed the natural sight of the desert
4. Devil Golf Course is famous for _______.
A. the frequent wind B. the colors of the sand C. dream-like sights D. the sand sculptures
5. From the passage we can see that the writer _______ the Death Valley.
A. appreciates B. is fearful of C. dislikes D. is tired of
northern Alaska never sees the sun while it continues to light the sky at night in Antarctica.可知在6月，南极出现夜长，昼短甚至极夜的状况。因此，6月去南极考查是不合适的。
B篇：1. B。从第二段“This was at the beginning of the 17th century. The Dutchman Willem Janszoon was actually the very first European to find the coast of north Australia.”可找到答案。
2. B。答案在“In English this is Unknown Southern Land. So when the British found this land, they called it Australia.”中。
3. D。从最后一段中的“They were afraid the French would take the new land. So they sent Captain James Cook in his small ship to get there first”可知道答案。
4. B。B项的顺序符合, 短文的内容。
5. B。文章讲述Australia的发现过程，B项能很好地概括短文的内容。
C篇：本文介绍了美国的一个著名沙漠——“死亡谷”名称的由来以及 “死亡谷”奇特的风光。
1. D。细节题。根据 …and Badwater, a salt water pool, is about 280 feet below sea level and the lowest point in the United States 可推知此题答案为 D。
2. B。推断题。根据 …when a group of miners coming across from Nevada became lost in its unpleasantness and hugeness and their adventure turned out to be a sad story… 可知“死亡谷”的名称来源于这些迷路矿工的死亡。
3. C。推断题。根据 …well-marked roads where good services can be found easily… 可以判断 C 为最佳答案。
4. C。细节题。根据 …where it seems hard for one to tell reality from terrible dreams 可推知答案为 C。
5. A。推断题。根据the special beauty of this place…like the sights on the moon… ever-changing…showing the most unusual colors等关键词语可以知道作者是带着赞赏的语气来描述“死亡谷”的。
·黄金表达
①Worse, in Manhattan there is always someone who leaves before the bill arrives.情况更糟的是，在曼哈顿，在结帐前总是有某个要离开的人。
②With 97% of the world’s water too salty to be drunk or be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture.由于世界水的97％太咸不能引用，也不能用在农业上，因此全球水的供应，尤其是农业，需要仔细认真的管理。
③Although the idea of a water shortage(短缺)seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the world’s agricultural industries experience constant water shortages .尽管对于那些很幸运的生活由足够降雨量的地区的人们来说，缺水这个概念很陌生，但是在全球有很多的农业国家经历真持续不断的供水短缺。
④The situation is reversed in winter, where the sun will go down in Vermont by 3:45 p.m. while there remains light in Florida until 5:15 p.m. 这种情形在冬天正好相反，在佛特蒙州到下午3点45分太阳就开始下山了，而在佛罗里达州知道5点15还是很亮的。
⑤Here nature created a lot of surprising, almost like the sights on the moon, ever-changing as the frequent wind moves the sand about, showing the most unusual colors.这儿的大自然创造除了几