七年级下册英语语法.doc

(完整版)七年级下册英语语法
七年级下册英语语法：
一．情态动词的用法
（1） Can
情态动词can有一定的词义，但不能独立存在,它必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词can没有人称和数的变化。其具体用法如下:
1.表示”能、会”,指脑力或体力方面的”能力”。例如: I can speak English.我会讲英语.
Jim can swim but I can't.吉姆会游泳,但我不会.
2。表示"可能"，常用于否定句或疑问句中,指某种可能性。例如: Han Mei can’t be in the classroom。韩梅不可能在教室里。 Can he come here today， please？请问他今天能到这里来吗？ 3.表示"可以”,常用于口语中，指许可或请求做某事。例如： Can I have a cup of tea, please?请问我可以喝一杯茶吗? You can go out.你可以出去了? 补充：
①can在口语中可以代替may,表示许可或可以。
②can't在口语中代替mustn't时,表示禁止或不准.例如：
You can't play football in the street。不准在马路上踢足球。
③情态动词can的过去式could,用于现在时，可使语气更委婉、更客气。例如： Could you help me with my English?你能帮助我学习英语吗？ 情态动词can的基本句型
1。肯定句型为:主语+can+动词原形+其它。例如: They can play basketball。他们能打篮球. She can dance.她会跳舞。
You can go to watch TV.你可以去看电视了。
2.否定句型为:主语+can not(can't/cannot)+动词原形+其它。表示”某人不能(不会.不可能）做……”。其中can't是can not的缩略式，英国多写成cannot。例如： You cannot pass the ball like this.你不能像这样传球。 I can’t ride a motorbike.我不会骑摩托车。
3.疑问句句型分为：一般疑问句句型和特殊疑问句句型两种类型. ⑴一般疑问句句型为:Can+主语+动词原形+其它。表示”某人会（能。可以）做……吗？"，用于口语时,常表示请求或许可。其肯定答语用”"Yes,主语+can。"作答；否定答语用”No，主语+can't.”作答.注意答语中作主语的人称代词，应根据问句中的主语作相应的变化。其变化规则为:第一人称问,则第二人称答;第二人称问，则第一人称答；第三人称问，第三人称答。例如:
①-Can you sing an English song for us？你可以为我们大家唱一首英语歌吗？ —Yes.行。(注意在Yes后面常省略I can) ②—Can I skate?我可以滑冰吗？ -Yes, you can。可以.
③—Can she climb hills？她能爬山吗? -No， she can't。不，她不能.
⑵特殊疑问句句型为：a。 Who+can+动词原形+其它.该句型中who相当于主语。例如: —Who can sing in English in your class？你们班上谁会用英语唱歌? —Lily can。莉莉会。
b。特殊疑问词(作定语)+名词+can+主语+动词原形+其它。该句型中的特殊疑问词常用how many， how much等。例如：
-How many boats can you see in the river?你能看见河中有多少只船吗? —Only one boat.仅有一只.
c。特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其它。该句型中的特殊疑问词常用what, where， when等，一般用肯定陈述句作答。例如：
—What can you see in the picture?你能在图画中看到什么？
—I can see some birds and two big trees in it.我能看到一些鸟儿和两棵大树。
Ⅰ。 单项选择(15分）
（ ）1. My sister likes playing the guitar, but she can’t play ______.
A. nice B. good C。 well
（ ）2。 —Are you good ____ swimming? —Yes， and I think I can help kids ___ it。 A. with； in B。 with； with C。 at； with
3. He wants ______ the English club.
A. to join B. to be C。 be in
（ ）4。 My father can’t play ______ basketball. He can play ______ piano. A. the； the B. /； the C。 the; /
( ）5. —Why do you want to ______ the English club? Because Mr Li in the club is good ___ us.
A。 have； with B。 join; with C. join； at
（ ）6。 My brother doesn’t like playing basketball _______ watching TV.
A。 and B。 but C. or
( ）7。 —Can you speak Chinese， Tom? —Yes, but only ______。
A. lots of B. many C。 a little
（ ）8。 -_______ do you want to join? —The music club.
A. What club B. When C. What
（ ）9。 Hi!Can I help you？ __. I want to join the club。
A。 No, thanks a lot B。 Great C。 Yes, please
（ ）10. —___? —He can do Chinese kung fu well.
A。 Can he do Chinese kung fu B。 What can he do
C. Does he want to join the Chinese kung fu club
（ ）11. —--What can you do？ --—I can _____.
A。 play the guitar B. play violin C. swimming D. join the club
( ）12. ——-Can Tom help kids _____ swimming？ -—Yes, can。 A. x B. with C. for D. to
（ )13. ———___ do you want to join the chess club？ ——-Because I like chess very much.
A. Who B。 How C。 Why D。 What
( )14。 What is the first day of the week?
A. Monday B. Friday C. Saturday D。 Sunday
（ )15. I can swim well.I want to join the ___ club。
A music B chess C swimming D、musician
1． Gina wants to j ________ the music club。
2．Can you s ________ English？
3．I can play the guitar but can’t play the p ________.
4。Can you h ________ kids with swimming?
用所给单词适当形式填空
41。—Can you help kids with _____（dance）？ —Yes，I can.
42. They want_____ （join)the baseball club。
43。Can you _____（sing）?
44.The girl likes music。She wants to be a ______ （music).
45.Do you want to join the_______ (swim）club？
46。Are you good with______ （kid),Jim?
47He wants to join the____（dance） club。
48.She can _______ （play) basketball。
49。She can help ______（I） with ______ （I） English.
50. I need ______ (buy) a pen？
现在进行时
1. 定义：表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。常与now, these days等时间状语连用，句首有 Look ！ / Listen !等提示语. I’m visiting my friends now. Look! He is sitting there. 2.基本结构：be动词(am ,is ,are） +动词的现在分词构成（动词-ing）
肯定句: be + doing 否定句: be + not doing 一般疑问句：Be动词提前到句子开头 +主语+doing
记忆口诀： 现在进行主动宾，be +动词-ing要记清; 助动词（am, is ，are) 跟着主语变， am, is ，are + -ing；
变疑问，助动词（am, is ,are) 后主语跟, 变否定，助动词（am， is ，are） 后not跟。 例句：
肯定句： I am working. He is working。 They are working。 否定句： I am not working. He is not working. They are not working. 疑问句:Are you working? Is he working？ Are they working？ 回 答：Yes， I am 。 Yes, he is. Yes, they are。
No, I’m not. No, he isn't. No， they aren’t.
注意:现在进行时的特殊用法：
1）现在进行时与always 连用时，往往含有赞扬、厌恶、责备等感情色彩。 如： He is always working hard。他总是非常努力地工作。(表示赞扬)
2）come, go, begin， start， leave 等动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作. She is leaving China tomorrow。 I’m going to school。 3. 现在分词的变法规则：
当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，
构成如下： 一）一般在后加ing。如： sing-singing， see-seeing, play—playing， go—going， do-doing，
二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing.如：write-writing, have-having, come – coming 来 ；close - closing关 ；make – making 制造ride – riding 骑; write - writing 写 ；take — taking 拿走 ； have – having 有 ;
三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing.如:put-putting, run-running, get—getting, let-letting, begin-beginning; sit— sitting ；cut – cutting 切 ；shop-shopping 购物;begin-beginning 开始 forget-forgetting忘记；stop-stopping 停止travel-travelling 旅行；begin—beginning 开始； swim-swimming 游泳；run—running跑步; put—putting放；let—letting让；get-getting得到
四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于
现在进行时态专项练习
一、 写出下列动词的现在分词形式
stay _____ do ______ listen ______ forget ______ refuse______ close_______ travel______ die______ work_____ spend _____ look ______ make ____put ______ sit _____ run ____ tie_______ take ____ give _______ ride _______ please ______ win ______ begin ____ open____ lie___
二、 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Mary and Lucy are ________ (dance) now。
2. Listen! Someone is _______ （play） the piano in the next room.
3。 He is __________ （sweep) the floor at the moment.
4. Look ! The cat ________ ________ (eat) the fish on the table.
5。 A: ______ you _______ (study) French ?B: Yes ， I am。
6。 She often ____________ (dance） after school。
7。 My father and mother ______ ______ (swim） in the pond.
8。 My sister is ________ (fly） a kite in the garden.
9. We are __________ (watch) TV now。
10。Be quiet ! The baby _____ ______ (sleep） now.
三． 单选
1、 Look! He _____their mother do the housework.
A. is helping B。 are help C。 is help D。is helpping
2 、_____are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room。 A .Who B .How C。What D.Where
3、 Don’t talk here。 My mother _____.
A。 is sleeping B 。are sleeping C. Sleeping D .sleep
4 、Danny ______. Don't call him。
A。 is writeing B 。is writing C.writing D .writes
5 、–When_____he_____back？– Sorry， I don’t know.
A. does,come B。are coming C.is come D。is coming
6。 Who _____ over there now?
A。 singing B. are sing C。 is singing D. sing
7. It’s eight o’clock。 The students _____ an English class。
A。 have B. having C. is having D. are having
8。 Listen！ The baby _____ in the next room.
A。 crying B。 cried C. is crying D. cries
9。 Look! The twins _____ new sweaters.
A。 are wearing B. wearing C. are wear D。 is wearing
10. Don't talk here。 Grandparents _____。
A. is sleeping B。 are sleeping C。 sleeping D。 sleep
11。 Tom is a worker。 He ____ in a factory. His sisters _____ in a hospital.
A。 work/ work B. works/ work C. work/ works
12. Who _____ English best in your class？
A. speak B. speaks C。 Speaking
13。 Mrs. Read _____ the windows every day。
A. is cleaning B。 clean C。 cleans
14。 We _____ music and often _____ to music。
A. like/ listen B. likes/ listens C。 like/ are listening
15. She _____ up at six in the morning。
A。 get B. gets C. getting
16. On Sundays he sometimes _____ his clothes and sometimes _____ some shopping.
A。 wash/ do B. is washing/ is doing C。 washes/ does
17。 The twins usually _____ milk and bread for breakfast, but Jim _____ some coffee for it。 A. have/ have B. have/ has C. has/ have
语法一般过去时句式
一、一般过去时的概念:
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：last year， yesterday， in 1990, two days ago等;也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often， always等频率副词连用。
例如：
①I saw him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上看见他了.
②Li Mei always went to school on foot last year。 去年李梅总是步行上学。
二、一般过去时的构成：
1. be动词的一般过去时的构成：
第一人称单数和第三人称单数用was, 其余人称用were 例如：
①I was ten years old at that time。
②There were many people standing in front of the door. 2. 实义动词的一般过去时的构成：
(1) 规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则： ①一般在动词原形末尾直接加上ed。
如:look-——looked work-—-worked jump———jumped stay--—stayed
②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加d。
如:live-——lived close——-closed dance——-danced
③末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母,再加ed。 如：stop———stopped shop---shopped prefer-——preferred ④末尾是辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i，然后再加ed。
如：study---studied try—--tried
(2) 不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。
如：am（is)-—-was are—--were go-—-went come—--came take-——took have（has）---had
三、 一般过去时的几种句型：
(1) be动词的一般过去时的句型：
①肯定句结构为：主语+was / were+其它。
如：I was at home yesterday。
They were really happy at the party.
②否定句结构为：主语+was not (wasn’t） /were not (weren’t）+其它。
如：I wasn't at home yesterday. They weren’t happy at the party.
③一般疑问句结构为:Was / Were+主语＋其它?
如：-——Were you at home yesterday？ ——-Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.
-——Were they happy at the party？ ---Yes， they were. / No, they weren’t。
④特殊疑问句结构为：疑问词＋was / were+主语＋其它？
如：——-Where were you last night？ -—-We were at my uncle's house. —-—How was your weekend？ ——-It was great。
（2) 实义动词的一般过去时的句型：
①肯定句结构为：主语+动词的过去式+其它。
如：He went to the toy store yesterday。 We took some pictures in the park. ②否定句结构为：主语+did not （didn't)+动词原形+其它。
如：He didn't go to the toy store yesterday。 We didn’t take any pictures in the park。 ③一般疑问句结构为：Did+主语＋动词原形＋其它？
如:———Did you go to Beijing last week？ —--Yes， I did。 / No, I didn’t. ———Did he meet the businessman before? --—No， he didn't。 / Yes, he did.
④特殊疑问句结构为：疑问词＋did+主语＋动词原形＋其它?
如：—--What did you do last night？ -——I did my homework。
—-—Where did you go last week？ —-—I went to Shanghai with my parents。
Exercises:
一、按要求完成下列句子：
1。 The children are having a good time in the park. （用last Sunday改写) The children _________ a good time in the park_________ _________.
2. Last week I read an English book. （改为否定句)
Last week I _________ _________an English book。
3。 There were about nine hundred people at the concert。
否定句：____________________________________________
一般疑问句：________________________________________
对划线部分提问：____________________________________
4. There was only one problem。
否定句：____________________________________________
一般疑问句:________________________________________
对划线部分提问：____________________________________
5. Ann did her homework yesterday evening。
否定句：____________________________________________
一般疑问句:________________________________________
对划线部分提问:____________________________________
6. My brother was in the park just now.
否定句：____________________________________________
一般疑问句：________________________________________
对划线部分提问：____________________________________
7。 She had some bread for lunch today。
否定句：____________________________________________
一般疑问句：________________________________________
对划线部分提问：____________________________________
二、用动词的适当形式填空:
1. I _________ (have) an exciting party last weekend.
2. _________ she _________ (practice） her guitar yesterday? No, she ________。
3。 ——-What ________ Tom ________ （do） last Saturday evening？ -—-He ________ （watch） TV and __________ (read） an interesting book.
4。 They all __________ （go） to the mountains yesterday morning.
5。 She _________ (not visit） her aunt last weekend. She ________ (stay） at home and _________ (do) some ___________ (clean).
6. When _________ you _________ （write) this song？ I _________ （write） it last year.
7。 Carol ___________ （study) for the math test and __________ (practice） English last night.
8。 -——__________ Mr. Li __________ (do) the project last Monday morning? -——Yes, he _______。
9. ---How _________ (be） Jim's weekend？ ——-It _________ （be not） bad.
10. —-—___________ （be） your mother a sales assistant last year？ --—No, she __________。
11. There ___________ （be) only one tall building here now.
12. My aunt ___________ (travel） a lot every year.
13。 The man ___________ （have） three horses, but now he ___________ （have) only two。
14。 When the students ___________ （learn） the good news， they ___________ (be） proud of themselves.
15。 Dick ___________ （jump） into a large hole as soon as he ___________ （see) the bear.
16. I don’t know why they ___________ （not go) to the movies last night。
17. Tom ___________ （fail) in the exam。 He ___________ （look） upset now.
18。 The teacher ___________ (be） pleased with the boy's school work just now。
19. Alice ___________ (show) her uncle around the new neighborhood last Monday。 20。 He ___________ (join） the army at the age of eighteen。
21。 Tom and Mary ___________ （come） to China last month.
22. Mike ____________ （not go） to bed until 12 o’clock last night.
23。 Mary __________ (read) English every morning.

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