高考英语二轮考点复习讲义阅读理解科普知识与现代技术.doc

2013高考英语二轮考点复习讲义：阅读理解- 科普知识与现代技术
2.这种科普文章多为说明文，要求考生根据上下文语境逻辑推断其指代对象。解题时应认真分析动作转换背景，区分动作不同执行者，从而准确判断代词的正确指代；判断正确的流程顺序、正确的生产方法、正确的机械配制。解题时一定要认真阅读分析发明创造诞生过程和工艺流程过程的介绍，以提高理解准确率。分析备选项时应对照原文介绍情况，以便最终做出正确判断。
3.着重揭示自然界潜在奥秘，多解释性、定义性、说明性长句，甚至可能会出现多种从句叠现的现象，因此说明文时同学们一定要保持冷静，始终以平静的心态阅读原文，解答试题。同时应认真分析长句句子结构和逻辑关系，这样才能对其做出准确理解。
4. 科普文章因为其内容的客观性，所以作者的态度也往往采取中立。一般用言简意赅的文字介绍、解释事理。一般来说，都写得条理分明，有一定的说明顺序和说明方法。
5. 科普文的第一句通常为主题句，开宗明义、点明全文要说明的对象，如上所述，说明文的行文方式有其特点，即主要有比较、对照和分类几种格式，每篇短文以一种为主，有时几种兼用。
6. 我们同时还要注意一些关于如何培养、知道学生、孩子的科普意识的建议方面的文章。
·链接高考
链接1. （2012山东卷）
For those who are tired of doing the laundry, Samsung has found an answer: a washing machine that can tell you when your laundry is done via a smartphone app (application). Strange though it may seem—“my wife already does that" was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) this week-Samsung is just one of many appliance make* racing to install (安装) a large number of internet-connected features in machines in an effort to make them "smart. "
Last year, it was a refrigerator that tweeted. This year, it's Wi-Fi-enabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad.
The washers and dryers, available starting in the spring, connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application. The phone can then be used a remote control, so the machines can be turned on and off while their owner is at work or on the bus.
Samsung says it's not just something new-the app connection actually has some practical uses.
"If you started to dry clothes in the moving and forgot to take them out, you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when you come home, so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go,” said spokesperson Amy Schmidt.
The company also says that with electricity rates (电价) varying depending on the time of day, more control over when the machines are used can help save money.
Perhaps, but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do—enable laziness. Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.
72. What can be inferred from the common response of the attendees at the CES?
A. The machine will be a big success.
B. Their wives like doing the laundry.
C. The machine is unrelated to their life.
D. This kind of technology is familiar to them.
73. What can we learn about the new laundry machines?
A. They can tell you when your clothes need washing.
B. They can be controlled with a smartphone.
C. They are difficult to operate.
D. They are sold at a low price.
74. We can conclude from Samsung's statements that .
A. the app connection makes life easier
B. it is better to dry clothes in the morning
C. smartphones can shorten the drying time
D. we should refresh clothes back at home
75. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. The laundry should be frequently checked.
B. Lazy people like using such machines.
C. Good technologies also cause problems.
D. Television may help do the laundry.

链接2. （2012安徽卷）
In Asia, there are special competitions where kites have complex designs and are fitted with instruments that make musical sounds as the wind blows through them. Although all kites have a similar structure （结构）, they are widely different in size and shape. Kite-fighting competitions are also held, in which competitions us their kites to attack and bring down their opponents’（对手）kites or cut their strings（线）.
For more than 15 years, the Big Wind Kite Factory has been giving kite-making and kite flying classes for the children on an island in Hawaii. In its kite-making lessons, students can make kites in as little as 20 minutes! Children as young as four years old can learn how to fly a kite. Jonathan Socher and his wife Daphne started the kite factory in 1980. their kites are made of nylon（尼龙）.Their designs are Hawaiian themes created by Daphne. The designs are cut out of the nylon with a hot knife that seals the edges and then fastened directly onto the kite.
The kite that is used to give lessons is regular diamond kite with a rainbow pattern. The difference between this kite and the ones they make during the lessons is that it is a two-string controllable kite. Big Wind employees fly the kite and for a few minutes show students how pulling on one line and then on the other controls the direction the kite goes in. Then the controls are given to the students
Jonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a huge impressive kite to have fun making and flying kites. Even the simplest structure can work, and can give hours of fun. Go on, give it a try!
68. Which of the following is true according to the text?
A. A hot knife is used to iron the nylon.
B. Children never fly kites on their own in flying lessons.
C. Kite strings must not be cut in kite-fighting competitions.
D. Daphne designs kites for the Big Wind Kite Factory.
69. What is different about the kite used for flying lessons?
A. It has two strings. B. It is simple in design
C. It has a rainbow pattern. D. It is shaped like a diamond.
70.According to Jonathan ,what do you need to have fun with kites?
A. A large kite. B Any type of kite.
C. A complex structure. D. A kite that impresses others.
71.What is mainly described in the text?
A . A kite factory B. Kite-flying lessons.
C .Special competitions. D .The kite-making Process.
【考点】日常生活类—科技说明文
【文章大意】。本文讲的是由Jonathan和他的妻子组建的 the Big Wind Kite Factory的制造的各种各样的飞机和Jonathan给孩子们传授制造各种各样的飞机的课。
68.【答案】D
【试题解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Jonathan Socher and his wife Daphne started the kite factory in 1980. their kites are made of nylon（尼龙）.Their designs are Hawaiian themes created by Daphne.”可知D项正确。
【难度】较难
链接3 （2012安徽卷）
Welcome to your future life!
You get up in the morning and look into the mirror. Your face is firm and young-looking. In 2035, medical technology is better than ever. Many people your age could live to be 150,so at 40, you’re not old at all. And your parents just had an anti-aging(抗衰老的) treatment. Now, all three of look the same age !
You say to your shirt , ”Turn red.” It changes from blue to red. In 2035, “smart clothes” contain particles(粒子) much smaller than the cells in your body. The particles can be programmed to change clothes’ color or pattern.
You walk into the kitchen . You pick up the milk ,but a voice says ,” You shouldn’t drink that!” Your fridge has read the chip (芯片) that contains information about the milk , and it Knows the milk is old . In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip .
It’s time to go to work . In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your “smart car” where to go. On the way , you can call a friend using your jacket sleeve . Such “smart technology” is all around you.
75.What is the text mainly about?
A. Food and clothing in 2035.
B. Future technology in everyday life.
C. Medical treatments of the future.
D. The reason for the success of new technology.
【考点】科幻类—说明文
【文章大意】。本文讲的是对未来的生活吃，穿，住，工作等的描述。
72.【答案】D
【试题解析】文章的第二段“The particles can be programmed to change clothes’ color or pattern.”可知答案。
【难度】一般
73.【答案】C
【试题解析】段落大意题。根据文章第四段所讲的，当到厨房的时候，牛奶过期了，会有电子信息告诉你不能吃了。故选C项。
【难度】一般
74.【答案】D
【试题解析】根据“It’s time to go to work . In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your “smart car” where to go.”可知D项正确。
【难度】一般
75.【答案】B
【试题解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“For new technology to succeed,”和后面的the internet 可知下一段将要讲的是科技。故选B项。
【难度】一般

·专项训练
A
Inventor, physicist, surveyor, astronomer, biologist, artist … Robert Hooke was all these and more. Some say he was the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th century. In the course of his work, he cooperated with famous men of science like Isaac Newton, and the great architect, Christopher Wren.
Hooke’s early education began at home, under the guidance of his father. ③He entered Westminster School at the age of 13, and from there went to Oxford, where he came in contact with some of the best scientists in England. Hooke impressed them with his skills at designing experiments and inventing instruments. In 1662, at the age of 28, he was named Curator of Experiments at the newly formed Royal Society of London — meaning that he was responsible for demonstrating new experiments at the society’s weekly meetings. Hooke accepted the job, even though he knew that the society had no money to pay him!
him in appreciation of his services to this branch of science.
1. We can infer from Paragraph 2 that Hooke is ____.
  A. friendly  B. sociable C. creative D. helpful
2. Why possibly did Hooke accept the job as Curator of Experiments?
  A. Because his parents couldn’t afford his education.
  B. Because his family needed his support.
C. Because he wanted to please the famous scientists in England.
  D. Because he liked designing experiments.
3. The cell got its name because of ____.
  A. its use B. its shape C. Hooke’s favorites  D. Hooke’s experiences
4. The last paragraph is to prove that ____.
A. Hooke was the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th century
B. Hooke was good at making discoveries
C. Hooke’s contributions were not limited to one filed
D. Hooke was one of the greatest astronomers
5. The best title for the text may be ____.
A. The Greatest Scientist
B. A Helper of Newton
C. A Brief Introduction to Hooke
D. Achievements of Hooke
B
Children start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy ;there’s no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your children’s curiousness . Firstly ,listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of seven year olds to talk about science as a job. The children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling, salary and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat facing one another in silence.Finally I said,“Now that we’re finished with your lists ,do you have questions of your own about science?” 
After a long pause, a boy raised his hand,“Have you ever seen a grasshopper(蚱蜢)eat? When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why?” 
This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours.
Secondly ,give them time to think. ④Studies over the past 30 years have shown that ,after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more ,children give more logical , complete and creative answers.
Thirdly, watch your language .Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don’t jump in with
“That’s right” or “Very good”.These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior .But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying “That’s interesting” or “I’d never thought of it that way before”,or coming up with more questions or ideas.
Never push a child to “Think”.It doesn’t make sense, children are always thinking, without your telling them to. What’s more ,this can turn a conversation into a performance. The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target for your disagreement.
Lastly, show; don’t tell. Real life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass(放大镜),and they’ll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. Rather than saying that water evaporates(蒸发),set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.
1.According to the passage , children are natural scientists, and to raise their interest, the most important thing for adults to do is ____________.
A. to let them see the world around
B. to share the children’s curiosity
C. to explain difficult phrases about science
D .to supply the children with lab equipment
2.In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word “lists” could best be replaced by ____________.
A. any questions
B .any problems
C .questions from textbooks
D .any number of questions
3. According to the passage, children can answer questions in a more logical, complete and creative way if adults ____________.
A. ask them to answer quickly
B. wait for one or two seconds after a question
C .tell them to answer the next day
D .wait at least for three seconds after a question
4. In which of the following paragraph(s)does the author tell us what to say to encourage children in a science discussion?
A. The second and third.
B. The fourth and fifth.
C. The fifth and sixth.
D. The seventh.
5. The author mentions all of the following techniques for adults to share with their children’s curiosity except that adults should ____________.
A. tell their children stories instead of reciting(背诵)facts
B. offer their children chances to see things for themselves
C. be patient enough when their children answer questions
D. encourage their children to ask questions of their own

C
Why does eating feel so good? The secret may lie in the head, not in the stomach, US researchers reported. Tests on rats show that the appetite hormone Ghrelin(释放激素释放肽) acts on pleasure receptors (感受器) in the brain. The findings may help researchers develop better diet drags.
“In mice and rats, Ghrelin excites the same neurons (神经细胞) as delicious food, that is, neurons that provide the feeling of pleasure and the expectation of reward,” the researchers write in the Journal of Clinical Investigation. “These neurons are located in a region of the brain known as the ventral tegmental area (VTA)," wrote the researchers, headed by Dr. Tamas Horvath of the Yale University School of Medicine in Connecticut.
Horvath's team found that Ghrelin, which is only discovered in the last decade, acts on a molecular structure on brain cells called the growth hormone secret receptor or GHSR for short.
⑤When Ghrelin was put into this area of the rats' brains, they ate as hungrily as they did after being kept hungry overnight, the researchers said. Ghrelin is produced in the gut (肠道) and causes the brain to promote eating.
Several hormones are known to be involved in eating and appetite, and studies have shown that influencing them can affect weight gain in rats and mice. Influencing human eating behavior has proven far more difficult, however.
Horvath said it might be possible to design a drag that interferes with GHSR and thus help people with eating disorders.
1. Which is the best title for this passage?
A. Eating Addiction