高考英语单项选择题陷阱设置手段揭秘.docx

一、利用“介词+关系代词which+定语从句”句型设置陷井
众所周知介词+关系代词引导定语从句是著名句型，高考常借助该句型来设置陷阱。
例1：The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from spoken in England （08全国卷I）
A. which B. what C. that D. the one
析：C。不少考生误选A，认为这是介词from + which引导的定语从句，其实空档表达the English的含义，应用that代替。
例2：Animals suffered at the hands of Man ________ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural land to provide food for more people.（08江西）
A. in which B. for which C. so that D. in that
析：D。空档表示“在……角度”，不少同学误选A，认为这是介词+which引导的定语从句。其实空档后面为意义完整的宾语从句，因此应填in that。
例3：Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ______ their parents speak at home.（08浙江）
A. what B. that C. which D. one
析：A。不少同学误选C，认为这是介词from +which引导的定语从句。其实from后面为宾语从句，空档表示“……的语言”，因此应填what。
二、改变定语从句、同位语从句的位置来设置陷阱
定语从句和同位语从句通常接在被修饰语先行词后面，但高考常常改变其位置，将其后移，不少考生被这一陷阱迷惑，无法做出正确选择。
例1：Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _________ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. （08江西）
A. where B. when C. who D. which
析：A。cases为先行词，表示“场合”，在定语从句中做地点状语，因此应用where引导定语从句。但因定语从句和先行词被will be introduced to readers隔开，不少考生没有识别这一陷阱，做出错误选择。
例2：A warm thought suddenly came to me I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday．（06安徽）
A．if B．when C．that D．which
析：C。I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday说明先行词A warm thought的内容，因此空档应填that引导同位语从句。但因同位语从句与先行词之间被suddenly came to me隔开，不少考生没有识别这一陷阱，无法做出正确选择。
三、用定语从句的创新句型来设置陷阱
定语从句通常直接由关系代词或关系副词引导，但当定语从句与先行词有所属关系时也有创新句型：特定词汇+of whom/which引导定语从句，不少考生因不了解这一句型造成误选。
例1：The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, are beyond our control.（08湖南）
A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that
析：B。定语从句与先行词可连成most of the number of factors are beyond our control，因此该空应用most of which引导定语从句，但不少考生因不了解这一句型而误选A。
例2：The man pulled out a gold watch, were made of small diamonds.（08陕西）
A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of
C. which the hands of D. the hands of which
析：D。定语从句与先行词可连成the hands of the gold watch were made of small diamonds，因此该空应填the hands of which引导定语从句，但不少考生因不了解这一句型而乱选一气。
四、用连词的新含义来设置陷阱
一些连词有新含义，如while可表示“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，可表示“然而，却”，引导并列句；what引导名词性从句一般表示“……的内容”，也可表示“……的人/地点/时间/速度/价格/方法/状况。
例1：______the Internet is of great help, I don’t think it’s a food idea to spend too much time on it. （08湖南）
A. If B. While C. Because D. As
析：B。该空表示“尽管”，应填While引导让步状语从句。但不少考生不知道while有此用法，于是误选As。as的确可表示“尽管”，但引导让步状语从句时应采用倒装句型。
例2：In some places women are expected to earn money _________ men work at home and raise their children.（08四川）
A. but B. while C. because D. though
析：B。空档表示“然而，却”，因此应填while引导并列句。但不少考生只知道while可表示“当……的时候”，于是误选A。
例3：The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ____ it is .（07天津）
A. what B. which C. how D. where
析：A。空档表示“……的状况”，因此应填what引导宾语从句。但不少考生只知道what表示“……的内容”，于是只好乱选一气。
五、情景对话中用常规回答来设置陷阱
众所周知，情景对话的回答往往显得委婉、客气、礼貌，因此That’s all right. You’re welcome. Not at all. Take it easy. Nice to meet you. Thanks a lot. I’m afraid you can’t / had better not. My pleasure. It’s a pleasure.等语句常常成为特定对话的回答用语，高考常常借助这些语句来设置陷阱。
例1：--- The floor is dirty. Can anyone clean it?
--- I do it all the time. （08陕西）
A. Don’t mention it. B. Why you? C. Not sure. D. Not me again.
析：D。不少考生误选A，因为对它比较熟悉。其实Don’t mention it.通常用来对感谢用语进行回答，表示“不用谢”。而此处I do it all the time.说明我不想再打扫，因此应选D。
例2：--- My name is Jonathan. Shall I spell it for you?
---- .（08辽宁）
A. lf you don’t mind B. Not at all C. Take it easy D. Nice to meet you
析：A。B、C、D三选项内容都是考生熟悉的优秀交际用语，但用在本题与语境不吻合。如果选A，表示“如果不介意（请您拼写一下）”，符合语境逻辑。
例3：--- We have booked a room for today and tomorrow.
--- _______, sir.（07全国卷II）
A. I'm sure B. My pleasure C. It's all right D. I'll check
析：D。B、C是对话回答常用语，但与本题语境不吻合。如果选D，表示“让我查一下”，与语境逻辑吻合。
六、改变单词的常用句式来设置陷阱
一些单词在使用时往往有固定句式，但高考命题者往往用其非常见句型设置陷阱，造 成部分考生误选。
例1：--- I’d like some more cheese.
--- Sorry, there’s ______ left.（08浙江）
A. some B. none C. a little D. few
析：B。none通常和of连用，但表示“一个也没有”时可置于there is之后，不少考生因不了解这一点造成误选。
例2：--- How is everything going on with you in Europe?
---Quite well. Not so smoothly as I hoped, _________. (05江苏)
A. though B. instead C. either D. too
析：A。though通常为从属连词，置于句首引导让步状语从句。但此处将其改变为副词，位于句末，表示“然而，不过”。不少考生因不了解though的这一用法造成误选。
七、改变词汇的常见位置来设置陷阱
一些词汇在句中常有习惯性位置，改变其位置可以达到设置陷阱的目的。
例1：Why are you so anxious? It isn’t your problem ______.（08浙江）
A. on purpose B. in all C. on time D. after all
析：D。空档表示“究竟、终究”，应填after all。但因其常置于句首，不少考生没有将其识别出来，只好乱选一气。
例2：You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ________ home in the snowstorm.（07辽宁）
A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking
析：D。本题考查have difficulty (in) doing sth.的结构，但因其宾语被前置，不少考生没有识别这一结构。
八、用情态动词的稀有用法来设置陷阱
不少情态动词有特殊用法，如can可表示“有时会”；shall可表示“命令、警告、威胁、强制、允诺”，也可表示“可以”，用于一、三人称来征求对方意见；should可表示“竟然”，也可位于句首表示“如果，万一”。如果考生不了解这些用法，可能首先就会将正确选项排除在外。
例1：Peter ________ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general. （08辽宁）
A. shall B. should C. can D. must
析：C。at times暗示该空表示“有时会”，因此应填can。但不少考生不了解can有此用法，只好乱选一气。
例2：__________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (06湖北)
A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be
析：B。空档表示“如果你被”，所以应填Should you be，表示If you should be的含义。不少同学不知道should有此用法，造成误选。
九、用不具被动色彩的过去分词来设置陷阱
过去分词通常表示被动，但不少过去分词因来自系表结构不具被动色彩，如dressed in (穿着), dressed like (打扮得像), born (出身), seated (坐着), hidden (躲着), satisfied with (对……满意), unsatisfied with (对……不满意), devoted to (忠诚于), lost in (沉溺于), faced with (面对)。高考命题者常常借助这些过去分词来设置陷阱。
例1：Please remain _______; the winner of the prize will be announced soon. （08辽宁）
A. seating B. seated C. to seat D. to be seated
析：B。该空表示“正坐着”，因此应填seated，它来自系表结构be seated，没有被动色彩。不少同学以为seated表示“被坐”而将其排除，造成误选。
例2：_______ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. (06四川)
A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face
析：A。faced with来自系表结构be faced with，在该句做原因状语，没有被动色彩。不少同学以为faced表示“被面对”将其排除，造成误选。
例3：A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left_______.(06天津)
A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying C. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfied
析：A。unsatisfied来自系表结构be unsatisfied，在句中做主语补足语，没有被动色彩。不少考生以为unsatisfied表示“没有被满意”将其排除，造成误选。
十、用熟悉词汇的新含义来设置陷阱
一些词汇有创新含义，但考生对其不了解可能首先将其排除，造成误选。
例1：I began to feel _________ in the new school when I saw some familiar faces （08山东）
A. at home B. at heart C. at will D. at sight
析：A。不少考生认为“at home”表示“在家”，于是将其排除。其实at home还可表示“像在家里一家舒适、自在”，这是符合题意的。
例2：Why don't you just _______ your own business and leave me alone? （07全国卷II）
A. make B. open C. consider D. mind
析：D。不少考生只知道mind做名词表示“头脑、思想、主意”，做动词表示“介意”，于是将其排除。其实mind做为动词还可表示“当心”，这一含义符合语境逻辑。
例3：Surely it doesn’t matter where the student associations get their money from; what _______is what they do with it.(07湖北)
A. counts A. applies C. stresses D. functions
析：A。不少考生以为count只能表示“数”，于是将其排除。其实count还可表示“起作用”，这一含义符合语境逻辑。
十一、增强先行词的隐蔽性来设置陷阱
众所周知，定语从句倒底由哪一个关系代词或关系副词引导取决于先行词属性和在从句中功能。先行词指人，在从句中做主语或宾语可分别用who, whom引导定语从句，也可用that引导定语从句；先行词指物，在从句中做主语或宾语均可由which或that引导定语从句；先行词表示时间、地点、原因，且在从句中做时间、地点和原因状语，可分别由when, where, why引导定语从句。但为了增加试题难度，高考命题专家常增加先行词的隐蔽性来设置陷阱。
例1：Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _____sight matters more than hearing. （07天津）
A. when B. whose C. which D. where
析：D。an activity常视为物，用that或which引导定语从句，于是不少考生误选C。其实本题的an activity在从句中做地点状语，因此应用where引导定语从句。
例2：After graduation she reached a point in her career _____ she needed to decide what to do.（07江西）
A. that B. what C. which D. where
析：D。a point常视为物，用which或that引导定语从句。但本题a point在从句中做地点状语，因此应用where引导定语从句。
十二、利用省略与替代来设置陷阱
众所周知，省略与替代会使考生对原本熟悉的句式变得非常陌生，因此高考试题常用省略与替代来设置陷阱。
例：--- Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?
--- As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he _______. （07重庆）
A. writes B. does writing C. is writing D. does write
析：B。空档表达spends in writing的含义，因其中in可以省略，spends重复可由does来替代，因此该空应填does writing。不少考生不识命题陷阱，首先排除B，造成误选。
巩固性练习：
1. The way you worked out this difficult problem is different from _________ we are satisfied with.
A. which B. that C. what D. one
2. The English-Chinese dictionary on your bookshelf is different from ________ on her bookshelf.
A. the one B. which C. what D. as
3. Word came from the capital _________ the twenty-ninth Olympic Games were successfully held.
A. that B. which C. what D. where
4. In our next English class the cases will be offered to you ________ these phrases can be used together.
A. that B. which C. who D. where
5. There are fifty-six students in or class, ________ come from the countryside.
A. half of them B. half of whom C. half of what D. half of who
6. There are twenty-five problems in the physics exam paper, ________ is this one.
A. the most difficult of them B. the most difficult of that
C. the most difficult of which D. the most difficult of what
7. _______ that problem was really very difficult, many students worked it out.
A. Because B. As C. If D. While
8. After ________ appeared to be half an hour, his father showed up at the party.
A. that B. what C. which D. it
9. ---It is a very fine day today, isn’t it?
---Yes, it is. It is a bit cold, ________.
A. instead B. either C. too D. though
10. --- Mom, can I play computer games for a while after I finish my homework?
---________. You must go to bed at once.
A. No way B. You’re welcome C. Don’t mention it D. That’s all right
11. --- How many students are there on the playground playing football?
---________.
A. Nobody B. Nothing C. None D. No
12. Is this the attention that you paid ________ to your pronunciation and intonation?
A. it B. which C. that D ./
13. She thought she would fail to pass the exam, but she passed it ________.
A. in all B. after all C. on purpose D. on time
14. I really can’t imagine such a beautiful girl _________ be so rude.
A. can B. may C. shall D. should
15. She is usually very gentle, but sometimes she _________ be very naughty.
A. can B. shall C. should D. must
16. ________ a fire break out, you must call the fire station at once.
A. Would B. Could C. Might D. Should
17. When I went into his room, he still remained _________.
A. seating B. seated C. seat D. to seat
18. ________ with so much difficulty, the middle-aged woman didn’t know what to do.
A. Facing B. Faced C. Face D. To face
19. ________ in a very small but beautiful village, the young woman seldom leaves it.
A. Bear B. Bore C. Born D. Bearing
20. It is not one what says but one does that really ________.
A. counts B. stresses C. functions D. applies
21. If you don’t work hard from now on, you will be ________ by your boss sooner or later.
A. freed B. fined C. fired D. dropped
22. Is this the chair ________ you put all of your books the day before yesterday?
A. which B. that C. where D. what
23. Your illness will not develop to the point ________ nobody can cure it.
A. which B. that C. what D. where
24. I think your hall is large enough to _________ one thousand people.
A. put B. fill C. hold D. place
25.He spends I think a lot more time in reading English than I ________ French.
A. do learn B. do to learn C. learn D. do learning
key: 1-5 CAADB 6-10 CDBDA 11-15 CDBDA 16-20 DBBCA 21-24 CCDCD