高考英语语法复习英语专题（3）.doc

（专题三）单项选择题如何设置干扰项
1． 设置词性相同，但意思不同的单词。往往不同的词有不同的搭配，出题人利用学生死记短语的习惯设置相关项进行干扰。这种题需要考生着重注意句义和词义。例如：
( 1 ) It was a pity that the great writer died _______ his works unfinished .
A. for B. with C. from D. of ( B )
学生往往死记短语die from 死于（外部原因）; die of（死于疾病） ; die for（ 为。。。。。而死），出题人抓住了学生这种心理，设置了干扰项 of , from , for ,其实题目要表达：没有完成他的著作就死去了。With 在这里是复合结构。
( 2 ) I’d like to buy a house- modern , comfortable , and _____ in a quiet neighborhood .
A. in all B. above all C. after all D. at all ( B )
四个短语都是副词，但意思有区别，考生需要判断题干的意思。横线处需要“首要”意思的短语，in all 总计；above all 首要的是；after all 毕竟；at all 与not 连用，加重语气；
( 3 ) ----- Which of the three ways shall take to the village ?
------ _________ way as you please .
A. Each B. Every C. Any D. Either ( C )
四个形容词都可用作定语， 但意思不同， any 表示三者以上的任何一个；either 表示两者中的任何一个， each , every 意思不合适， 考生需要抓住any 与either 在表示“数”意思的区别。
( 4 ) The number of people present at the concert was _________ than expected . There were many tickets left .
A. much smaller B. much more C. much larger D. many more ( A )
四个词都是形容词，都能填在横线上，注意力应放在词义或搭配上。这里number 应当与large 或small连用，这里由于有后一句There were many tickets left, 所以选择samller 。
( 5 ) Scientists say it may be five or six years _______ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients .
A. since B. after C. before D. when ( C )
四个词都是从属连词，词性不必考虑，注意力应放在意思上，这里选before 。
2． 设置词义相同，但形式不同的单词。形式有动词的不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词、动词时态、名词的单数或复数、形容词的比较级或最高级、代词的格等。考生需要根据题干意思判断哪一种形式符合语境。
( 1 ) ----You were out when I drop in at your airport .
---- Oh , I ______ for a friend from English at the airport .
A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited ( A )
从A、B、C、D四个选项可以看出，横线处的意思不必考虑，肯定是“等待”，但需要考虑什么时候等待，此处表示“我在飞机场那段时间”正在等，所以用过去完成时was waiting 。
( 2 ) ---- I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow .
---- You _____ her last week .
A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told ( D )
四个选项都是“告诉”，不必考虑横线处意思，但需要判断“什么时间告诉？”、“被告诉？”“告诉别人”还是有别的语气？从上文可以看出 ，后者在埋怨前者“上星期就应当告诉她”所以用should have told 。
( 3 ) Having been ill in bed for nearly a month , he had a hard time _____ the exam.
A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing ( D )
词义没有必要再考虑，需要考虑语境，病倒卧床将近一个月，通过考试很艰难 ，have sth. doing sth. 让某事一直在做着（保持着某种状态）；have sb do sth. 使某人做某事；have sth. done 使某事被做；have sth. to do 有某事要做。这里选择passing 表示当时通过考试的艰难情景。
3． 设置词序不同的选项。考生需要按语言知识判断正确词序。
( 1 ) It was ______ back home after the experiment .
A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn’t go
C. not until midnight that he go D. until midnight when he didn’t go ( C )
从A 、B、C、D四个选项中可以看出词的顺序不同，所以思维目标应定在句型结构上，此句为强调句型， not 与until 一起提到被强调的位置 。
( 2 ) Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _______ to carry all the way home .
A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much ( A )
从四个选项中可以看出，此题为词序问题，所以，注意力应放在词序上，理解为the box was heavy, heavy 之前有修饰语much too ,much too 后接形容词或副词； too much 与much too 用法不同，后跟名词，如：too much water 。
( 3 ) The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _____ with each other .
A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled （C）
从四个选项中得知，此题为词序问题，有的是正常词序，有的是倒装，注意力集中到题干中是否有否定意义的词打头，这里never 在句首，所以，用倒装形式。还要考虑时态，这里由于前一分句有have been married ,所以，后一分句也应用现在时，故选择A。
4． 设置近义词干扰。近义词虽然意思相近，但往往用法上有区别，考生可以从用法或搭配上加以判断。
( 1) ----- How do you _______ we go to Beijing for our holidays?
----- I think we’d better fly there . It’s much more comfortable .
A. insist B. want C. suppose D. suggest ( D )
从四个选项中可以看出，四个词意思不同，但都是动词，这种情况应注意横线处需要的意思，另外还要注意句中的特殊语言现象，这里有we go to Beijing ,相当于we should go to Beijing ,should被省掉了。四个词中insist 和suggest可以与should do 结构连用，should 可以省略。但insist 表示“硬要做。。。。，坚持说”所以，只有suggest 可以填入横线处。
( 2 ) Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within _____ of little children .
A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance ( B )
四个都是名词，所以要考虑搭配和词义，这里reach 与within 连用，within reach of 意思为：。。。够得着
5． 设置不同的词，使结构发生变化进行干扰。考生首先去掉附加成分、独立成分等，单词或短语归位，需要搞清题干要讲什么意思，需要什么结构。例如：
( 1 ) It was with great joy _______ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found .
A. because B. which C. since D. that ( D )
此题考查学生对句型结构的辨认，如果选择since 或 because ，引导状语从句，如果选择which 或that ,则引导定语从句，如果选择that 还有一种可能，是强调句型，当it is (was )在句首时，应首先怀疑是强调结构，然后加以判断。判断方法是把it is ( was )…… that ……强调结构去掉，如果漏出一个成分完整的句子，证明是强调句型的句子，如果去掉之后不是一个完整的句子，则不是强调句型，应考虑定语从句或it 做人称代词表示时间、距离、天气的情况。此句去掉it was…that ….之后,漏出with great joy he received the news that his lost daughter had been found .是一句成分完整的句子，所以，判断此句是一个强调句。
( 2 ) What surprised me was not what he said but ________ he said it .
A. the way B. in the way C. in a way D. the way which ( A )
此题给出四个不同的短语，不论填入其中哪一个 ，句型结构都会有变化。添入the way ， way 与what he said 对等，由but 连接，way 后的he said it 是way 的定语从句；填入in the way ， but 前后结构不能构成并列;填入in a way 也是如此；填入the way which ， but 前后可以构成并列，但which 不能引导此类定语从句。
( 3 ) _______ straight on and you’ll see a church . You won’t miss it .
A. Go B. Going C. If you go D. When going ( A )
从四个选项中可以看出，此题是在考查句子结构问题，C　项可考虑条件状语从句；B项或D项可考虑分词短语做状语；而A项则考虑祈使句。这里有and 连接前后各一个句子，所以，选择A。
6． 不同口语表达方式的干扰。考生需要判断句子表达的意思，需要什么样的口语表达方式。例如：
( 1 ) ------ Go for a picnic this weekend , OK ?
------ _________ . I love getting close to nature .
A. I couldn’t agree more B. I’m afraid not C. I believe not D. I don’t think so ( A )
这里需要选项A, I couldn’t agree more ,意思为：我再同意不过。设置了 I’m afraid not (我恐怕不行)；I believe not (我相信 不行)；I don’t think so (我认为不是这样)， 由后一句I love getting close to nature 可知：要去野餐。
( 2 ) ------ I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her .
------ ________ . It was her fault .
A. No way B. Not possible C. No chance D. Not at all ( A )
从It was her fault 一句可以看出， 此人不想打电话给她， 因为是她的过错。四个选项中no way 表示“没门儿”。