2023年考研英语阅读真题考研英语第合集毙考题.doc

2023考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第1篇
France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman.

Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.

The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.

Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.

They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health.

That’s a start.

And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death – as some have done.

It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape – measure they must use to determine their individual worth.

The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men)that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty.

And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.

The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing.

Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.

The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.

In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.

In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models.

The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.

The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week(CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute.

But in general it relies on a name-and–shame method of compliance.

Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step.

Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.

法国历来以作为全球时尚革新者为傲，如今它已决定其时尚产业已经失去了定义女性体型美的绝对权力。

上周，法国的立法者初步通过了一部法律，该法律将使用超瘦模特上T型台走秀定为犯罪。

法国议会还批准封禁那些推广极端的节食来诱使女性追求骨感体型的网站。

这些措施有几个积极的动机。

它们表白美不应当由外貌来定义，由于追求外貌美最终会危害人的健康。

这些措施只是反对追求骨感体型风气的一个开始。

严禁使用超瘦模特的目的不仅仅是保护模特不因减肥而把自己饿死——有些模特就因减肥而饿死。

还警告时尚产业：对于女性该用什么样的社会标尺来鉴定自己的个人价值这一问题，时尚产业给女性，特别是未成年少女，传达了错误的信号，时尚产业必须为此负责。

假如完全执行该禁令，它会将向女性(以及很多男性)表白：不要让别人成为自己美的评判者。

这些措施或许还隐约地暗示，人们应当注重个性和智力等无形的品质，而不是通过节食来达成“零号身材”或“黄蜂腰体型”。

然而，法国的这些举措过度依赖严厉的处罚来改变时尚产业的文化，该文化依旧认为瘦到皮包骨是美。

该法律规定，使用没有达成政府体质指数规定的时尚模特的后果是罚款8.5万美元和服刑6个月。

时尚产业知道它们注重衣着打扮和抱负体型的问题一直存在。

丹麦、美国和其他一些国家的时尚产业试图为模特和时尚形象设定一个非强制性标准，该标准更多地依靠同辈压力来执行。

相比于法国的措施，上月，丹麦时尚产业批准了关于模特的年龄、健康和其他特性的规定和处罚。

最新修订的《丹麦时尚产业道德章程》明确规定：“我们已经意识届时尚产业给体型观念带来的影响，特别是给年轻人带来的影响，我们应当对此负责。”

这个章程的重要执行方法是拒绝违反规定的设计师和模特经纪机构进入哥本哈根时尚周，该时尚周由丹麦时尚机构运作。

但总的来说，该举措依靠指名道姓的方法来保证该章程得到遵守。

依靠道德规劝而不是法律手段来矫正抱负体型的错误观点或许才是最佳的办法。

更好的措施就是有助于提高美的概念，使之超越某一特定产业的物质标准。

intellect[‘intilekt]n. 智力，理智，才智非凡的人，知识份子联想记忆

signal[‘signl]n. 信号，标志

v. (发信号)告知、表达

mass[mæs]n. 块，大量，众多

adj. 群众的，大规模

approval[ə’pru:vəl]n. 批准，认可，批准，赞同

incite[in’sait]v. 煽动，刺激，激励

severe[si’viə]adj. 剧烈的，严重的，严峻的，严厉的，严格的

elevate[‘eliveit]vt. 举起，提拔，素养提高，鼓舞

vi. 变联想记忆

impact[‘impækt,im’pækt]n. 冲击(力), 冲突，影响(力)

address[ə’dres]n. 住址，致词，发言，谈吐，(解决问题的)技巧

compliance[kəm’plaiəns]n. 顺从，遵从，灵活