新视野大学英语第三版读写2第3单元.ppt

2Discovery of a New Life StageDiscovery of a New Life StageUnit 3Unit 3Unit 3Unit 3.How many life stages do we experience?.PrebirthPrebirthBirthBirthInfancy(Ages 0-3)Infancy(Ages 0-3)Early Childhood Early Childhood(Ages 3-6)(Ages 3-6)Middle Childhood Middle Childhood(Ages 6-8)(Ages 6-8)Late Childhood Late Childhood(Ages 9-11)(Ages 9-11)Adolescence Adolescence(Ages 12-20)(Ages 12-20)Early Adulthood Early Adulthood(Ages 20-35)(Ages 20-35)Midlife Midlife(Ages 35-50)(Ages 35-50)Mature AdulthoodMature Adulthood(Ages 50-80)(Ages 50-80)Late Adulthood Late Adulthood(Age 80+)(Age 80+)Death&DyingDeath&Dying.Journey through the Odyssey YearsSection A.Main idea&structureMain idea&structureMain idea&structureMain idea&structureLanguage focusLanguage focusLanguage focusLanguage focus Text studyJourney through the odyssey yearsJourney through the odyssey yearsSection A.Previous phases in lifeTransitionA newly added phase in life:the odyssey yearsCharacteristics of the odyssey yearsAdvice to young peopleStructure of the textStructure of the textMain idea&structureMain idea&structureMain idea&structureMain idea&structure.phasen.阶段；时期a stage in a process of change ordevelopmentv.usuallypassive分阶段进行；逐步做toarrangetodosthgraduallyinstagesoveraperiodoftimephasedown逐步减少phasein逐步采用phaseout逐步淘汰,逐步结束Phrases:.labelv.1.贴标签于；用标签标明tofixalabelonsthorwriteinformationonsth2.（尤指不公正地）把称为todescribesb/sthinaparticularway,especiallyunfairlyWe carefullylabelled each item with the contents and thedate.Hewaslabelled(as)atraitorbyhisformercolleagues.parallelv.1.与相似；与同时发生tobesimilartosth;tohappenatthesametimeassth2.与媲美；比得上tobeasgoodassth3.与平行bethesamedistanceapartateverypointalongtheirwholelengthadj.1.平行的twoormorelinesthatareparalleltoeachotherarethesamedistanceapartateverypoint (to/with sth)2.极相似的；同时发生的；相应的；对应的verysimilarortakingplaceatthesametime.Theirlegalsystemparallelsourown.Therailwaylinesrunparalleltotheroad.Herexperiencesparallelmineinmanyinstances.Translation她的经历多与我的相似。.acquaintv.(formal)使 熟 悉；使 了 解 to make sb/yourselffamiliarwithorawareofsthUsages:1.acquaintsb/oneselfwithsth使某人熟悉,把告知某人2.S+n./pron.+that-clauseTranslationWeshouldacquaintourselveswiththisadvancedtechnique.我们应该使自己熟悉这种先进技术。.There were childhood,adolescence,adulthood,and old age,with each unique phase bringing its own peculiar set of challenges.(Para.1)Previous phases in lifeStructure of the textStructure of the textMain idea&structureMain idea&structureMain idea&structureMain idea&structure.previousadj.only before noun 先 前 的,以 往 的,早 先 的happeningorexistingbeforetheeventorobjectthatyouaretalkingabout【派生词】previoustoprep.Previoustothis,shedalwaysbeenwell.inductionn.1.就职；入门；接纳会员；就职仪式theprocessofintroducingsbtoanewjob,skill,organization,etc.;aceremonyatwhichthistakesplace2.归纳法,归纳amethodofdiscoveringgeneralrulesandprinciplesfromparticularfactsandexamplesMrs.Simpsonisresponsiblefortheinductionofnewlibrarystaff.sensibleadj.1.(人及行为)明智的；理智的；合理的；切合实际的abletomakegoodjudgementsbasedonreasonandexperienceratherthanemotion;practical2.(formalorliterary)意识到；认识到awareofsth.equivalentadj.（价值、数量、意义、重要性等）相等的，相同的equalinvalue,amount,meaning,importance,etc.(tosth)n.相等的东西；等量；对应词athing,amount,word,etc.thatisequivalenttosthelse(of/tosth)Adimeisequivalentto10pennies.radicaladj.usuallybeforenoun1.根本的,彻底的,完全的concerningthemostbasicandimportantpartsofsth;thoroughandcomplete2.全新的,不同凡响的,重大的new,differentandlikelytohaveagreateffect3.激进的；极端的in favour of thorough andcompletepoliticalorsocialchange.quitv.1.(informal)离开（工作职位、学校等）；离任；离校toleaveyourjob,school,etc.2.(informal,especiallyNAmE)停止,戒掉tostopdoingsthdoingsth./sth.3.离开，迁出，搬离（住处）toleavetheplacewhereyoulive4.关 闭，退 出（计 算 机 程 序 等）to close acomputerprogramorapplication.HequithisjobasanofficeboyinAthens.PolicewerecalledwhenherefusedtoquitthebuildingIwastryingtoquitsmokingatthetime.Hequit/quittedtheshowlastyearbecauseof/duetobadhealth.Translation去年他因身体欠佳而退出了表演。.shiftv.1.转移；挪动to move,or move sth,from onepositionorplacetoanother(sth)(from)(to)2.(情况、意见、政策等)变换；更替；变动tochangefromonestate,position,etc.toanother(from)(to/towards/toward)Whenthewindshifted/shiftsfromsouthtonorth,it/theweatherbegan/beginstogetcold.Translation当风向由南转北时,天变冷了。.n.1.改变；转移；转换；变换achangeinpositionordirection(insth)2.班；轮班；轮班工作时间a period of timeworked by a group of workers who start work asanothergroupfinishesday/nightshiftworkinginshifts.prioradj.onlybeforenoun1.(formal)在前面的beforesthprior to2.先前的；较早的；在前的happeningorexistingbeforesthelseorbeforeaparticulartime3.优先的；占先的；较重要的alreadyexistingandthereforemoreimportantPleasegiveuspriornoticeifyouneedaneveningmeal.Theyhaveapriorclaimtotheproperty.framev.1.（以某种方式）表达toexpresssthinaparticularway2.usuallypassive给做框；给镶边toputormakeaframeorborderaroundsthYoullhavetobecarefulhowyouframethequestion.Thephotographhadbeenframed.n.1.（图画、门、玻璃等的）框架a strong border orstructureofwood,metal,etc.thatholdsapicture,door,pieceofglass,etc.inposition2.sing.（构成某事物背景的）总的思想，体系，体制，模式thegeneralideasorstructurethatformthebackgroundtosth3.C帧；画格；画面oneofthesinglephotographsthatafilmorvideoismadeof4.C,usuallysing.体形；身材；骨架theformorstructureofapersonoranimalsbody5.C（家具、建筑物、车辆等的）构架，支架，骨架thesupportingstructureofapieceoffurniture,abuilding,avehicle,etc.thatgivesititsshape.proportionn.1.C部分；份额apartorshareofawhole2.U比例；倍数the relationship of one thing toanotherinsize,amount,etc.(ofsthtosth)3.pl.proportions面积；体积；规模；程度themeasurementsofsth;itssizeandshapeWater covers a large proportion of the earthssurface.Theproportionofmentowomeninthecollegehaschangeddramaticallyovertheyears.Usage:1.If proportion is used with an uncountable or asingularnoun,theverbisgenerallysingular.Aproportionofthelandisusedforagriculture.2.Iftheproportionofisusedwithapluralcountablenoun,orasingularnounthatrepresentsagroupofpeople,theverbisusuallysingular,butwitha(large,small,etc.)proportionof,apluralverbisoftenused,especiallyinBrE.TheproportionofsmallcarsonAmericasroadsisincreasing.Ahighproportionoffive-year-oldshaveteethinpoorcondition.Today,many young people delay marriage and even employment,which is different from the previous times.A newly added phase in life:the odyssey yearsToday,young people are following a different agenda:the odyssey years.Previously,young peoples induction to adulthood was completed once they graduated from college.Structure of the textStructure of the textMain idea&structureMain idea&structureMain idea&structureMain idea&structure(Para.3)(Para.4)(Para.5).rebeln.rebl反 政 府 的 人；叛 乱 者；造 反 者 apersonwhofightsagainstthegovernmentoftheircountryv.ribel造反；反抗；背叛to fight against orrefuse to obey an authority,for example agovernment,asystem,yourparents,etc.(againstsb/sth)rebelliousadj.Theslavesrebelledagainsttheirmastersandkilledthemall.Translation奴隶们起来反抗奴隶主并把他们都杀光。.resentv.愤恨；感到气愤；愤愤不平to feel bitter orangryaboutsth,especiallybecauseyoufeelitisunfairUsage:1.S+n./pron.2.S+vingFreedieresentsbeingkeptwaitingsolong.3.S+that-clauseHeresentsthatheisoftenkeptwaiting.resortv.诉诸；求助于；依靠tomakeuseofsth,especiallysthbad,asameansofachievingsth,oftenbecausethereisnootherpossiblesolutionresorttosth/doingsth.Wemayhavetoresorttousinguntrainedstaff.makeallowance(s)forsth体谅，谅解；考虑到，估计到（如在决策或计划时）Thebudgetmadeallowanceforinflation.makeallowances(forsb)体谅，谅解HestiredsoIllmakeallowancesforhim.make allowance(s)make allowance(s)forfor.predictv.预言；预告；预报tosaythatsthwillhappeninthefutureUsage:1.S+n./pron.2.S+that-clause3.Itis/waspredictedthat4.【passive】bepredictedtodoThetrialispredictedtolastformonths.versionn.1.变化形式;变体;版本aformofsththatisslightlydifferentfromanearlierformorfromotherformsofthesamething2.（从不同角度的）说法，描述adescriptionofanevent from the position of a particular person orgroupofpeopleTherearetwoversionsofthegame,alongoneandashortone.Shegaveusherversionofwhathadhappenedthatday.boomv.1.迅速发展；激增；繁荣昌盛tohaveaperiodofrapidgrowth;tobecomebigger,moresuccessful,etc.2.轰鸣；轰响tomakealouddeepsoundBythe1980s,thecomputerindustrywasbooming.implicitadj.含蓄的；不直接言明的suggested withoutbeingdirectlyexpressed(insth)在中不明确的Implicitinhisspeechwastheassumptionthattheywereguilty.contemporaryadj.1.当代的；现代的belongingtothepresenttime2.属同时期的；同一时代的belongingtothesametime(withsb/sth)HewascontemporarywiththedramatistCongreve.witnessv.1.是发生的地点（或时间、组织等）；见证tobe the place,period,organization,etc.in whichparticulareventstakeplace2.当场看到，目击（尤指罪行或事故）toseesthhappen(typicallyacrimeoranaccident)Didanyonewitnessthetrafficaccident?The1980shavewitnessedincreasingunemployment.n.1.目击者；见证人apersonwhoseessthhappenandisabletodescribeittootherpeoplebe(a)witnesstosth目击，看见（某事发生）2.证人apersonwhogivesevidenceincourtadefence/prosecutionwitness被告的/控方的证人TranslationIndiahaswitnessedmanypoliticalchangesinrecentyears.印度近年来经历了很多政治变动。.New guidelines for this particular phase havent been established.Every change remains temporary.Characteristics of the odyssey yearsBecause of enormous pressure,young people react with rebellious behaviors toward their parents.Their parents feel more anxious.The change in gender status delays the time to get married.However,young people still hold traditional aspirations for parenthood.This new phase will become more pronounced in the coming years.(Para.6)(Para.7)(Para.8)(Para.9)(Para.10).deceivev.1.欺骗；蒙骗；诓骗tomakesbbelievesththatisnottruesb(intodoingsth)骗得某人相信2.使人误信；误导tomakesbhaveawrongideaaboutsb/sthWeweredeceivedintobuyingthathouse.Unlessmyeyesdeceiveme,thatshiswife.reinforcev.1.加强；充实；使更强烈tomakeafeeling,anidea,etc.stronger2.加固；使更结实tomakeastructureormaterialstronger,especiallybyaddinganothermaterialtoit3.给加强力量（或装备）；使更强大tosendmorepeopleorequipmentinordertomakeanarmy,etc.strongerA good speaker should be able to reinforce hisargumentwithfacts.一个好的演讲者会用事实来加强他论点。Translation.Advices to young peopleSuccess will only come to those who know that they must have the strength,capacity and confidence to pass through the odyssey years.Structure of the textStructure of the textMain idea&structureMain idea&structureMain idea&structureMain idea&structureKeep your resume professional and up-to-date.1 1 我们大多数人都知道，根据不同的年龄和生活阶段，人生可与此平行划分为童年、青春期、成年和老年这四个阶段。我们把这些阶段想象为婴儿在童年之前，中年在老年之前，每个阶段都会面临一系列特有的挑战，如孩子对学习的需要，成人对找到合适的职业生涯和建立一个家庭的需要，以及年长者对得到帮助和良好医疗保健的需要。通过对它们的充分了解，我们就可以战胜这些挑战。2 2 有趣的是，关于人生阶段的观念正在发生变化。.3 3 在先前的年代，人们并没有一种固有的把童年和成年分开的想法。一百年前，谁也没有想到过青春期。直到最近，人们还很自然地认为：只要他们一从大学毕业，他们的成人入门阶段就结束了。他们就会找到一份把他们引入职业生涯的合适的工作。然后在此职业生涯期间，他们会成家，三十岁之前成家更为理想。4 4 今天，我们同样需要认识一个新的人生阶段：从高中毕业到上大学，然后到成家立业，即所谓的奥德赛岁月。由于年轻人正按照一种不同的模式生活，最近的趋势出现了根本性的变化。他们从学校休学，与朋友同住，也常回去与父母同住。同样，他们恋爱又失恋，辞掉一份工作又去寻找新的，甚至改行。因此，我们需要认识这个新阶段奥德赛岁月。现在许多人认为这是步入成年之前的一个难以回避的阶段。.5 5 出生于上个世纪60年代或70年代之前的人们往往会将成年的概念基于是否取得了某些成就：从父母家搬走，经济上独立，找到合适的配偶并组织家庭。但是，对稳定的强调并没能保持不变。今天，年轻人不太可能仿效他们的父母。在奥德赛岁月中，相当比例的年轻人都推迟结婚、生子，甚至推迟就业。6 6 奥德赛岁月使年轻人承受了巨大的压力，迫使他们快速往前冲。作为他们父母唯一的继承人和所有期望、希望和梦想的聚焦，有些年轻人以叛逆和桀骜不驯的行为和态度对待父母。他们往往憎恨他们所感到的压力，并同他们的父母保持距离，甚至离家出走。他们的困惑源于很难让家长了解他们，也源于这段需要进行自我探索的、不确定的人生之旅。为了逃避困惑和不安，许多年轻人诉诸电脑游戏，iPod，iPhone或iPad，以帮助分散他们的痛苦和压力。.7 7 同样，他们的父母更是着急。虽然他们理解从学生到成年需要一个过渡阶段，但看到他们已成年子女的过渡阶段的生活与他们的期望渐行渐远，过渡阶段延至五年，七年，甚至更长时，他们感到生气。父母甚至不能清楚地觉察到他们孩子未来生活的方向，只能看着他们，看着要做的事被拖延着。8 8 接下来会如何发展很难预测。新的准则还没有建立，一切似乎都被一个不确定的版本所取代。两性之间地位和权力的平衡也有了转变。取得学位的女性比男性更多。男性的工资在过去的几十年里一直停滞不前，而女性的工资却出现激增。.9 9 别的不说，这对择偶产生了不言而喻的影响。即使未婚，受过教育的妇女仍可以得到很多她们想要的东西，如安全感，成就感，和认同感。不过，不论男女都更难找到合适的伴侣来一同建立他们的生活。在讨论这一切时，有助于让大家知道，即使毕业生离开大学后推迟了做很多事，调查结果显示，他们仍持有很传统的愿望。例如，当今的一代比以前的几代对如何扮演好父母的角色有着更高的要求。1010 这一新阶段在未来几年可能更明显。世界各国都目睹了相似的趋势，人们推迟结婚，花更多年的时间徘徊在接受高等教育和建立职业生涯及家庭之间。.1111 然而，毕业生不应误认为因情况已变得更困难，他们就可以放弃。大批的人努力角逐相对较少的机会，这会导致强大的竞争压力。所以，从一开始你就要将个人简历写得很专业，并做到随时更新。1212 要强化这一重要信息：顺利度过奥德赛岁月的将是那些不急于即刻实现目标的人但这些人知道他们必须保持实力、能力、信心去度过这段较长的岁月。如果你的目标起步稍晚了点，不要认为自己是个失败者！意志坚定，态度积极，并集中精力！有一天，你会回头审视，并对奥德赛岁月给你带来的巨大改变感到惊叹。.Focus on a comparison/contrast essayTo compare means to show the similarities and to contrast means to show the differences.In everyday life,you compare and contrast when you buy a car or choose an apartment.You can also compare two teachers,two jobs,or two ways to spend a weekend.Writing devicesWriting devicesWriting devicesWriting devicesEssay writingEssay writing.Contrast:on the other hand,in contrast,however,in comparison,even though,although,though,whereas,while,but,different from,unlike,etc.The key to writing a successful and coherent essay is the appropriate use of comparison and contrast structure words.The common ones are:Structure wordsComparison:similarly,likewise,also,too,as,just as,like,just like,similar to,alike,the same as,not only but also,both and,etc.Writing devicesWriting devicesWriting devicesWriting devicesEssay writingEssay writing.Have a look at the outline and the sample below,which is a comparison/contrast essay:.Writing devicesWriting devicesWriting devicesWriting devicesEssay writingEssay writing.Topic:Topic:The differences between the young generation and their parents generation.Introduction:Introduction:Thesis statement:Even though both generations have their good points,todays young people are more active and adaptable to the changes of life than their parents.to be continuedWriting devicesWriting devicesWriting devicesWriting devicesEssay writingEssay writing.Body:Body:Point 1:active in life Young people ParentsPoint 2:adaptable to the changes of life Young people ParentsWriting devicesWriting devicesWriting devicesWriting devicesEssay writingEssay writing.Conclusion:Conclusion:Young people usually live in a more active and flexible way than their parents.Writing devicesWriting devicesWriting devicesWriting devicesEssay writingEssay writing.SampleSample:As is known to all,peoples lifestyles and behavior change constantly.Consequently,there are many differences between the young generation and their parents generation(Topic sentence).Even though both generations have their good points,todays young people are more active and adaptable to the changes of life than their parents.to be continuedWriting devicesWriting devicesWriting devicesWriting devicesEssay writingEssay writing.SampleSample:First of all,young people nowadays are more active in life(Detail 1).As we can often observe,many students who are still in high school have started to find jobs.They think this will help them gain more experience and they can work better after graduating from universities.This is an absolutely opposite view to their parents generation.In their times,parents often waited until they were qualified enough to get a job.They were not as active as young people today.to be continuedWriting devicesWriting devicesWriting devicesWriting devicesEssay writingEssay writing.SampleSample:In addition,the young generation better adapts to the changes of life(Detail 2).For example,for the past decade or so,the Internet has developed tremendously.Young people find it extremely easy to use and feel very comfortable to apply it to their studies and work;therefore,they have made more progress at school and at work.In contrast,their parents usually find it hard to remember how to use computers or surf online.They often get frustrated when they have to work on a computer and find it hard to adapt to the new technology.to be continuedWriting devicesWriting devicesWriting devicesWriting devicesEssay writingEssay writing.SampleSample:To conclude,although