法律英语翻译汇总PPT课件.ppt

Lecture Six Translation of Business&Legal Documents上海外国语大学上海外国语大学北京外国语大学北京外国语大学上海交通大学上海交通大学 北京大学北京大学 华东师范大学华东师范大学 北京第二外国语大学北京第二外国语大学 厦门大学厦门大学中南大学中南大学ContractContract契约契约&合同合同Mr.Foster died domiciled in England.Mr.Foster died domiciled in England.福斯特先生死亡时住所在英格兰福斯特先生死亡时住所在英格兰。Unless otherwise provided for herein,Unless otherwise provided for herein,failure or delay on the part of any failure or delay on the part of any party to exercise any right,power or party to exercise any right,power or privilege under this Agreement shall privilege under this Agreement shall not operate as a waiver thereof,nor not operate as a waiver thereof,nor shall any single or partial exercise shall any single or partial exercise of any right,power or privilege of any right,power or privilege preclude further exercise thereof or preclude further exercise thereof or exercise of any other right,power or exercise of any other right,power or privilege.privilege.1.Characteristics of Business&Legal Documents2.Translation techniques and skills1.Characteristics of 1.Characteristics of Business&Legal Business&Legal DocumentsDocumentsMartin Joos Martin Joos 按照语言使用的正式按照语言使用的正式程度提出了五种变体：程度提出了五种变体：the frozen stylethe frozen style庄重文体庄重文体the formal stylethe formal style正式文体正式文体the consultative stylethe consultative style商议文体商议文体the casual stylethe casual style随便文体随便文体the intimate stylethe intimate style亲密文体亲密文体action行动诉讼alienation疏远转让consideration考虑对价counterpart对方、对手有同等效力的副本satisfaction 满意清偿、补偿execution执行签署、签订assignment任务权利或财产的转让deed行为契约1 1）专业术语）专业术语hand手签名instrument工具法律文件limitation限制时效negligence疏忽过失prejudice偏见损害presents呈现，礼物本法律文件avoidance逃避宣告无效save节省，救除了1 1）专业术语）专业术语 日常用语词汇日常用语词汇 法律文体词汇法律文体词汇 make make renderrender want,want,need need require require subject,topic,matter question subject,topic,matter question home home residenceresidence imagine,imagine,picture picture visualizevisualize live live residereside before before prior prior after after subsequentsubsequent but but provided thatprovided that2 2）.惯用大词惯用大词 除除了了专专门门术术语语外外，法法律律语语言言的的一一个个显显著著特特征征是是用用词词庄庄重重，多多用用大大词词，吕吕俊俊、侯侯向向群群先先生生对对此此做做了了系系统统的的分分析析和和比比较较。下面是英语中日常用语词汇和法律文体词汇的比较：下面是英语中日常用语词汇和法律文体词汇的比较：日常用语词汇日常用语词汇 法律文体词汇法律文体词汇 place place localitylocality tell tell acquaintacquaint refer refer advertadvert work work function(function(v.v.)by by itself itself in isolationin isolation show show evinceevince give give denotedenote wish wish desiredesire think think considerconsider begin begin commencecommence 3).为为了了加加强强法法律律文文体体的的庄庄重重性性与与严严肃肃性性，在在英英语语中中还还将将平平时时极极少少见见的的古古词词语语使使用用其其中中，一一般般这些词语多为副词，而且多以复合型副词为主。这些词语多为副词，而且多以复合型副词为主。Come hereCome hereApproach the benchApproach the benchCaught in the actCaught in the actArrested in flagrante delictoArrested in flagrante delictoDeadDeaddeceaseddeceased 以以herehere开头的词有：开头的词有：hereupon hereupon 于于是是 hereunder hereunder 下文下文 hereto hereto 至至此此 hereof hereof 在本文中在本文中 herewith herewith 与与此此一一道道 herein herein 于此于此 hereafter hereafter 今今后后 hereat hereat 由此由此 以以therethere开头的词有：开头的词有：thereupon thereupon 在在其其上上 thereunder thereunder 在其下在其下 thereto thereto 此此外外 thereof thereof 由此由此 therewith therewith 随随即即 therein therein 在那里在那里 此外还有一些以此外还有一些以wherewhere开头的关系副词型的复合词开头的关系副词型的复合词:whereupon whereupon 据据此此 whereby whereby 藉以藉以 wherefore wherefore 为为此此 wherewith wherewith 用以用以 wherein wherein 在那种情况下在那种情况下 whereof whereof 关于那人（事，物）关于那人（事，物）这这些些词词用用来来确确指指法法律律文文本本中中的的某某一一方方或或合合同同双双方方，使使行行文准确，从而提高法律文书的正式性。文准确，从而提高法律文书的正式性。4)4)词语的叠用词语的叠用法律英语的古体性和正式性还表现在词汇法律英语的古体性和正式性还表现在词汇的并列使用上，即同义词或近义词往往由的并列使用上，即同义词或近义词往往由oror或或andand连接并列使用。这种词汇并列，同连接并列使用。这种词汇并列，同义重现的现象标明法律语言对词义正确，义重现的现象标明法律语言对词义正确，语义确凿的刻意追求，从而形成了法律语语义确凿的刻意追求，从而形成了法律语言的复杂性和保守性。言的复杂性和保守性。Breaking and entering Breaking and entering 闯入闯入Goods and chattels Goods and chattels 私人财产私人财产Have and hold Have and hold 持有持有Made and signed Made and signed 签名的签名的Will and testament Will and testament 遗嘱遗嘱5).5).对代词严格限制对代词严格限制 法律英语中，指人或物的词往往法律英语中，指人或物的词往往重复，而不使用代词，以避免代词指重复，而不使用代词，以避免代词指代不明而引起不同的理解与解释。代不明而引起不同的理解与解释。The AuthorThe Author should bear the cost should bear the cost of any necessary fees for of any necessary fees for textual and illustrative textual and illustrative permissions but the Publishers permissions but the Publishers agree to pay such fees on agree to pay such fees on the the AuthorAuthors s behalf up to an agreed behalf up to an agreed maximum amount and may deduct maximum amount and may deduct the same from my sums that may the same from my sums that may become due to become due to the Authorthe Author under under this Agreement.this Agreement.6 6）词语的对义性）词语的对义性Buyer Buyer 买方买方Consigner Consigner 发货人发货人Creditor Creditor 债权人债权人Party A Party A 甲方甲方Right Right 权利权利Subject Subject 主体主体Principal criminal Principal criminal 主犯主犯(the)plaintiff(the)plaintiff 原告原告Seller Seller 卖方卖方Consignee Consignee 收货人收货人Debtor Debtor 债务人债务人Party B Party B 乙方乙方Obligation Obligation 义务义务Object Object 客体客体Accessorial criminal Accessorial criminal 从犯从犯(the)defendant(the)defendant 被告被告7).shall7).shall的使用的使用 在法律文体中，在法律文体中，shallshall具有特殊含义，具有特殊含义，表示表示“应当承担的责任和义务应当承担的责任和义务”,带有指令带有指令性和强制性，充分体现了法律文件的性和强制性，充分体现了法律文件的权威性和约束性。可以用于各种时态。权威性和约束性。可以用于各种时态。ShouldShould在法律问题中，不表示法律义在法律问题中，不表示法律义务，只表示一般义务或道义上的义务，务，只表示一般义务或道义上的义务，一般译为一般译为应该应该或或应应当当A.A.如在解释上遇有分歧，应以英文文本为如在解释上遇有分歧，应以英文文本为准。准。B.B.合营企业的一切活动应遵守中华人民共合营企业的一切活动应遵守中华人民共和国法律、法令和有关规定。和国法律、法令和有关规定。C.C.通过协商无法解决的争议应由争议方提通过协商无法解决的争议应由争议方提交缔约各方，按本公约第五十五条的规交缔约各方，按本公约第五十五条的规定召开会议，该会审议并提出解决争议定召开会议，该会审议并提出解决争议的建议。的建议。A.A.如在解释上遇有分歧，应以英文文本为如在解释上遇有分歧，应以英文文本为准。准。In case of any divergence of In case of any divergence of interpretation,the English text interpretation,the English text shallshall prevail.prevail.B.B.合营企业的一切活动应遵守中华人民共合营企业的一切活动应遵守中华人民共和国法律、法令和有关规定。和国法律、法令和有关规定。All the activities of a joint All the activities of a joint venture venture shallshall comply with the comply with the provision of the laws,decrees and provision of the laws,decrees and pertinent regulations of the PRC.pertinent regulations of the PRC.C.C.通过协商无法解决的争议应由争议方提通过协商无法解决的争议应由争议方提交缔约各方，按本公约第五十五条的规交缔约各方，按本公约第五十五条的规定召开会议，该会审议并提出解决争议定召开会议，该会审议并提出解决争议的建议。的建议。Any dispute which is not Any dispute which is not settled by negotiation settled by negotiation shallshall be be referred by the Contracting referred by the Contracting Parties in dispute to the Parties in dispute to the Contracting Parties,meeting in Contracting Parties,meeting in conformity with Article 55 of this conformity with Article 55 of this Convention,which Convention,which shallshall thereupon thereupon consider the dispute and make consider the dispute and make recommendations for its recommendations for its settlements.settlements.E.E.自自9 9月月2020日起，甲方已无权接受任何日起，甲方已无权接受任何定单或收据。定单或收据。A A：Party A shall be Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any order unauthorized to accept any order or to accept any orders or to or to accept any orders or to collect any account after collect any account after September 20.September 20.B:Party A shall be B:Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any order unauthorized to accept any order or to accept any orders or to or to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after collect any account on and after September 20.September 20.8)8)在句法方面，法律文体长句多，几十个字、上在句法方面，法律文体长句多，几十个字、上百个字的长句司空见惯。为了使话语严谨，使用百个字的长句司空见惯。为了使话语严谨，使用各种附加语、修饰语、说明语，以至句法成分前各种附加语、修饰语、说明语，以至句法成分前后编插、枝杈横生，句子结构膨胀，语法关系复后编插、枝杈横生，句子结构膨胀，语法关系复杂化，又是读起来不畅。行文中少用代词，宁可杂化，又是读起来不畅。行文中少用代词，宁可重复名词。重复名词。由于法律文件主要是下命令及做出规定，因此由于法律文件主要是下命令及做出规定，因此法律文件的谓语动词结构比较简单，最常见的是法律文件的谓语动词结构比较简单，最常见的是 “应该应该”，“可以可以”,“必须必须”,一般采用英文中与之对应的，也是英文法律英语一般采用英文中与之对应的，也是英文法律英语常用的谓语动词结构常用的谓语动词结构“should/shall/may+should/shall/may+do/have done/be donedo/have done/be done”在任一缔约国提出的保护发明的申请都可以在任一缔约国提出的保护发明的申请都可以按照本条约规定提出国际申请。按照本条约规定提出国际申请。Applications for the protection of Applications for the protection of inventions in any of the Contracting inventions in any of the Contracting States States may be filedmay be filed as international as international applications under this Treaty.applications under this Treaty.法法律文书的语言是强调指称功能的，即强调其外律文书的语言是强调指称功能的，即强调其外延性意义延性意义。由由于英汉两种语言的结构方式和表达方式上的差于英汉两种语言的结构方式和表达方式上的差别，在翻译时既要注意保持原意又不使译文过分艰别，在翻译时既要注意保持原意又不使译文过分艰涩难懂，让译文明确，又合乎法律文本的规范，严涩难懂，让译文明确，又合乎法律文本的规范，严谨而不死板谨而不死板。在汉语的法律文本中，其词汇特点也有别于其它在汉语的法律文本中，其词汇特点也有别于其它文本，如严肃性、规范性、质朴性等。文本，如严肃性、规范性、质朴性等。因此，法律文本的翻译应遵循以下几个原则：因此，法律文本的翻译应遵循以下几个原则：因此，法律文本的翻译应遵循以下几个原则：因此，法律文本的翻译应遵循以下几个原则：1 1 1 1）语言明确，语言明确，语言明确，语言明确，2 2 2 2）条理清晰，）条理清晰，）条理清晰，）条理清晰，3 3 3 3）行文严谨，）行文严谨，）行文严谨，）行文严谨，4 4 4 4）符合规）符合规）符合规）符合规范格式。范格式。范格式。范格式。2.Translation techniques and 2.Translation techniques and skillsskills1)1)陈述句陈述句法律文件的职能决定了其表述的动词词义法律文件的职能决定了其表述的动词词义的范围比较狭窄。谓语动词中较多的是的范围比较狭窄。谓语动词中较多的是“申述申述”，“承诺承诺”一类意思的动词。谓语一类意思的动词。谓语动词往往以与动词往往以与shallshall相结合的方式出现。相结合的方式出现。根据根据J.Austin,J.Austin,这些动词可分为四类：这些动词可分为四类：判断语，裁定语，承诺语，阐述语判断语，裁定语，承诺语，阐述语A A：判断语，根据价值或事实所作：判断语，根据价值或事实所作出的判断。出的判断。AcquitAcquitCalculateCalculateDescribeDescribeAnalyzeAnalyzeEstimateEstimateAssessAssesscharacterizecharacterizeB B：裁定语，表示赞成或反对某事：裁定语，表示赞成或反对某事或某过程。或某过程。OrderOrderCommandCommandDirectDirectRecommendRecommendAppointAppointDismissDismissNominateNominateDeclareDeclareAnnounceAnnounceWarnWarnproclaimproclaimTHANK YOUSUCCESS2024/1/28 周日29可编辑C:C:承诺语，表示说话人的承诺。承诺语，表示说话人的承诺。PromisePromiseVowVowPledgePledgeCovenantCovenantGuaranteeGuaranteeContractContractCommitCommitEnsureEnsureAgreeAgreeacknowledgeacknowledgeD:D:阐述语，阐明观点，论据。阐述语，阐明观点，论据。AffirmAffirmDenyDenyEmphasizeEmphasizeIllustrateIllustrateConcedeConcedeIdentifyIdentifyAcceptAcceptObject toObject toReportReportansweranswer新公司应建立经营管理机构负责企业的日新公司应建立经营管理机构负责企业的日常经营管理工作。常经营管理工作。The new company The new company shallshall establish a establish a management office which management office which shallshall be be responsible for its daily responsible for its daily management.management.公司承认并同意在合同期内由乙方提供的公司承认并同意在合同期内由乙方提供的技术系属秘密。技术系属秘密。The corporation The corporation acknowledges and acknowledges and agrees agrees that the Technology it that the Technology it receives from Party B during the receives from Party B during the term of the Contract term of the Contract shall be kept shall be kept secret and confidential.secret and confidential.2)2)条件句条件句法律文件要求思维缜密，逻辑性强，既要法律文件要求思维缜密，逻辑性强，既要考虑到各种不同情况，又要排除各种例外考虑到各种不同情况，又要排除各种例外情况。因此，法律条文除了规定双方应履情况。因此，法律条文除了规定双方应履行的义务外，还设想了各种可能发生的情行的义务外，还设想了各种可能发生的情况和处理办法，所以，法律条款中有较多况和处理办法，所以，法律条款中有较多的条件句。的条件句。If,Whereas,unless,subject to,in If,Whereas,unless,subject to,in case of,in case,in case that,in case of,in case,in case that,in the event of,in event that,the event of,in event that,provided/providing,exceptprovided/providing,except2)2)条件句条件句A.whereas:A.whereas:鉴于句。即鉴于存在某种情鉴于句。即鉴于存在某种情况，故主句应采取某种措施，以期达到一况，故主句应采取某种措施，以期达到一定的目的；定的目的；B.unless:B.unless:否定句。表示否定句。表示“除非除非”出现某出现某种情况，否则其条件将不可能满足，因此，种情况，否则其条件将不可能满足，因此，它的主句部分通常为否定形式。它的主句部分通常为否定形式。C.subject to C.subject to 后引出的宾语为满足某项后引出的宾语为满足某项要求的必要条件。要求的必要条件。E.in case of,in case,in case that:E.in case of,in case,in case that:要求采取某种预防措施，以防止某种情况要求采取某种预防措施，以防止某种情况发生。发生。2)2)条件句条件句F.in the event of,in event that:F.in the event of,in event that:强强调事情发生的事实调事情发生的事实G.provided/providing:G.provided/providing:“在在前提前提下下”，“在在条件下条件下”H.except:H.except:“排除某种情况排除某种情况”2)2)条件句条件句如果如果乙方有违反本合同的行为乙方有违反本合同的行为IfIf Party B shall commit any material Party B shall commit any material breach of this Contractbreach of this Contract如果如果这些机构的中央主管机关可以采取步这些机构的中央主管机关可以采取步骤骤ProvidedProvided that the central that the central administration of such agency may administration of such agency may take stepstake steps2)2)条件句条件句倘若甲方需修改、增加或减少其工程计划倘若甲方需修改、增加或减少其工程计划IfIf the event Party A shall have the event Party A shall have amended,increased or decreased its amended,increased or decreased its project of construction workproject of construction work3)3)词类的转换词类的转换英语的英语的名词化结构名词化结构转换为转换为动词动词英语中多用的英语中多用的形容词形容词转换为转换为副词副词中文译成英语通常反过来做中文译成英语通常反过来做3)3)词类的转换词类的转换Unless otherwise provided for herein,Unless otherwise provided for herein,failurefailure or or delaydelay on the part of any party on the part of any party to exercise any right,power or privilege to exercise any right,power or privilege under this Agreement shall not operate as a under this Agreement shall not operate as a waiverwaiver thereof,nor shall any single or thereof,nor shall any single or partial partial exerciseexercise of any right,power or of any right,power or privilege preclude further privilege preclude further exerciseexercise thereof thereof or or exerciseexercise of any other right,power or of any other right,power or privilege.privilege.除非本协议另有规定，任何一方除非本协议另有规定，任何一方未能未能或或延迟延迟行使行使其在本协议项下的任何权利，权力或特权，不应其在本协议项下的任何权利，权力或特权，不应视为其视为其放弃放弃该权利，权力或特权；单项或部分该权利，权力或特权；单项或部分行行使使任何权利，权力或特权，亦不妨碍其进一步任何权利，权力或特权，亦不妨碍其进一步行行使使该权利，权力或该权利，权力或行使行使其他权利，权力或特权。其他权利，权力或特权。（n n 到到v)v)3)3)词类的转换词类的转换Unless otherwise provided for herein,failure Unless otherwise provided for herein,failure or delay on the part of any party to exercise or delay on the part of any party to exercise any right,power or privilege under this any right,power or privilege under this Agreement shall not operate as a waiver Agreement shall not operate as a waiver thereof,nor shall any thereof,nor shall any singlesingle or or partialpartial exercise of any right,power of privilege exercise of any right,power of privilege preclude preclude furtherfurther exercise thereof or exercise exercise thereof or exercise of any other right,power or privilege.of any other right,power or privilege.除非本协议另有规定，任何一方未能或延迟其在本协除非本协议另有规定，任何一方未能或延迟其在本协议项下的任何权利，权利或特权，不应视为其放弃该议项下的任何权利，权利或特权，不应视为其放弃该权利，权力或特权；权利，权力或特权；单项或部分单项或部分行使任何权利，权力行使任何权利，权力或特权，亦不妨碍其或特权，亦不妨碍其进一步进一步行使该权利，权力或特权行使该权利，权力或特权或行使其他权利，权力或特权。（或行使其他权利，权力或特权。（adj.adj.到到adv.adv.）Exercise 5Exercise 51.1.乙方应在甲方验收后保证工程良好一年。乙方应在甲方验收后保证工程良好一年。2.A 2.A 指定指定B B为其在中国境内的独家代理。为其在中国境内的独家代理。3.3.代售人接受寄售人开立的以代售人为付款代售人接受寄售人开立的以代售人为付款人的人的9090天远期汇票。天远期汇票。4.4.在下述情况下，在下述情况下，A A公司将保护买房不受损公司将保护买房不受损失。失。5.5.除非合同中另有说明，本合同的条款将除非合同中另有说明，本合同的条款将1.1.乙方应在甲方验收后保证工程良好一年。乙方应在甲方验收后保证工程良好一年。Party B Party B shall warrant shall warrant the the promisedpromised condition of the work within one year condition of the work within one year after the date of receiving the work after the date of receiving the work by Party A.by Party A.2.A 2.A 指定指定B B为其在中国境内的独家代理。为其在中国境内的独家代理。A A hereby appoints hereby appoints B as its Sole Agent B as its Sole Agent in the territory of China.in the territory of China.3.3.代售人接受寄售人开立的以代售人为付代售人接受寄售人开立的以代售人为付款人的款人的9090天远期汇票。天远期汇票。The The consignee shall accept consignee shall accept the Bills the Bills of Exchange drawn by the of Exchange drawn by the ConsignorConsignor on on him at 90 dayhim at 90 days sight.s sight.4.4.在下述情况下在下述情况下，A A公司将保护买房不受公司将保护买房不受损失。损失。Subject to the conditions hereinafter Subject to the conditions hereinafter set forthset forth,A company will indemnify,A company will indemnify and protect the Purchaser against any and protect the Purchaser against any losses or damages.losses or damages.5.5.除非合同中另有说明，除非合同中另有说明，本合同的条款将本合同的条款将Unless otherwise stipulated in this Unless otherwise stipulated in this ContractContract,the terms and conditions of,the terms and conditions of this Contract shallthis Contract shall6.Party