2021年高二英语知识点语法及练习.doc

高二英语教材知识点总结及重难点解析Unit1-2
【短语归类】
【考点1】含 difference 短语
① make a / no / some，etc. difference (to sb / sth) (对某人／某事物有／没有／有些关系(影响)
② make a difference between 区别对待
③ make some difference to 对……有些(没有)关系
④ have a difference in character 在性格上有差别
[例句] It makes no difference t0 me which side may loseor win. 谁输准赢对我没有什么关系。
She makes a difference between her family and herwork. 她对工作和家庭是有区别。
【考例1】I'm afraid to tell you that the medicine will____ no difference to your illness。so stop taking it.
A. take B. make
C. get D. do
[考查目的] 此题重要考查 difference 动词搭配问题。
[答案与解析]B make a difference 是固定搭配。此时不可用其她动词。
13. draw (one's) attention to sth. 对……表达注意……
The manager drew my attention to an error in myreport.
经理要我注意报告中一种错误。
[拓展] pay attention to 注意
call one's attention to sth. 叫某人注意某事
turn attention to sth．转移注意力到……
【考点2】与 fire 关于短语
① be on fire 在燃烧
② set fire to sth = set sth on fire 纵火，放火烧
③ catch fire 着火
④ make a fire 生火
⑤ light a fire 点火
⑥ put out a fire 灭火
⑦ play with fire 玩火；冒险
⑧ be on fire for 因……而激动；布满激情
⑨ be full of fire 布满激情
⑩ under fire 受到袭击
[例句] The students are on fire for what they're learning in the computer class. 学生对电脑课学习内容布满激情。
The boy is full of fire. 这孩子布满热情。
The grass caught fire．and the grass was on fire for a
short time. 草燃着了，草烧了一会儿。
He who plays with fire gets burned. 玩火者必自焚(谚语)。
▲辨析：be on fire 表达状态。而 catch fire 则表达动作-其完毕时不可和段时间状语连用。
【考例2】( 全国卷II) The forest guards often findcampfires that have not been ____ completely.
A. turned down B. put out
C. put away D. turned over
[考查目的] 此题重要考查动词短语辨义。
[答案与解析]B turn down是“调低。回绝”意思；put out是“熄灭，生产，伸出”意思；put away是“收拾”意思；turn over是“翻过来”意思。
14. look up to 尊敬；钦佩
He has always looked up to his father. In his eyes he isperfect.
她始终尊敬她爸爸。在她眼中，她是完美。
[拓展] look down on / upon sb. 轻视、瞧不起某人
【考点5】后有 to 动词短语
① lead to 通向；导致
② look up to 尊敬
③ stick to 坚持
④ get used to 习惯于
⑤ look forward to 渴望；盼望
⑥ get down to 认真做某事
⑦ see to 注意；着手办理
⑧ pay attention to 注意
⑨ devote...to 致力于；投身于
⑩ belong to 属于
⑨ attend to 照顾；照顾
⑩ object to 反对
⑩ be opposed to 反对
⑩ refer to 提到；参阅
⑩ contribute to 对……有贡献
⑩ come to 谈到；涉及
⑥ adjust to 适合于
[例句] The bridge leads to the island. 这座桥通向那个岛。
So many spelling mistakes in the article led to great difficulty in reading. 该篇文章拼写错误太多，令人看起来非常费劲。
He's such a devoted teacher that we all look up to him.
她是一种有奉献精神教师，咱们都尊敬她。
He has never felt looked up to. 她从没有觉得有人尊敬她。
The day they had been looking forward to came at last.
她们渴望那一天终于到来。
The final examination is coming up soon. It's time for us to get down to our studies. 期末考试就要来了。是咱们认真学习时候了。
This machine is out of order；get a mechanic to see to it. 这台机器坏了；找个技工来检修一下。
▲ 情谊提示：以上短语中to是介词．后接名词或动名词。
【考例5】(湖北)Once a decision has been made，allof us should ____ it.
A. direct to B. stick to
C. lead to D. refer to
[考查目的] 此题重要考查动词短语辨析。
[答案与解析] B direct自身是及物动词。后不需to。refer to意思是“涉及，参阅．指是”。
【考点3】与turn关于短语
① turn out 生产；成果是
② turn down 关小(灯光、音量等)；回绝
③ turn to 转向；求助于
④ turn up 开大(灯光、音量等)；浮现，露面
⑤ turn on / off 打开／关上
⑥ turn aside 闪开；放在一边
⑦ turn over (使)翻转；把某人交给(警方等)
⑧ turn in 上缴；移送
⑨ turn against 背叛
⑩ turn away (from) 转过脸不看
⑩ turn round 转过去
[例句]She turned out six full-length novels in her life.她毕生写了6部长篇故事。
The beggar turned out (to be) a thief. 那个乞丐本来是个贼。
That radio is pretty loud. Can you turn it down a little?
收音机声音太大，你能开小一点吗?
Many boys expressed their love to Mary，but she
turned them all down. 许多男孩向玛丽表达爱慕之意，但都被她回绝了。
After he left the university he became a teacher，but later he turned to translation. 她大学毕业后当了教师，但日后转而从事翻译工作。
We often turn to this handbook for information. 咱们经常查阅这本手册寻找资料。
He promised to come，but hasn't turned up yet. 她答应来，但尚未到。
When he felt tired，he turned aside (from) his books to listen to the radio. 感到疲劳时，她就把书放在一边去听收音机。
▲ 情谊提示：要精确记住不同搭配，特别是一种短语有各种意思。
【考例3】(浙江) We wanted to get home before dark，but it didn't quite ____ as planned.
A. make out B. turn out
C. go on D. come up
[考查目的] 此题重要考查动词短语辨义。
[答案与解析]B make out有“弄清晰。明白”惠思；turn out 意思是“成果是．证明是”；go on 意思是“继续”!come up 意思是“过来，走来”。题意是：咱们本来想在天黑前到家，但成果并不像预测那样。
【考点4】what 短语
① what if 如果……将会如何?
② what for 为了什么，干什么用
③ what about... ……怎么样?
[例句] What if she finds out you've lost her book?如果她发现你弄丢了她书将会是如何呢?
What did you do that for?你干吗做那件事?
What about having a rest?休息一会儿怎么样?
【考例4】(全国卷I)
-- Susan，will you please go and empty that drawer?
-- ____?
A. What for B. What is it
C. How is it D. How come
[考查目的] 此题重要考查交际用语。
[答案与解析] A 依照语境。答语中问是目。该句其实是个省略句，补全后完整句子是：I go and empty that drawer for what。what提前构成疑问句就成了what for 或 for what。
☆词语比较☆
1. observe，watch
当“观测”来讲时，observe相称于watch carefully，特别用于实验或研究等场合。详细来说，observe具有“察觉到”意思，watch意为“盯着看”。
watch 还具有“观看(比赛、电视)”等，而observe没有此意。此外，watch尚有“照顾”之意，相称于take care of。尚有“当心”之意，相称于be careful with。
She has observed the stars all her life.
她毕生都在观测星星。
I'll watch the baby while you are away.
你不在时，由我照顾你女儿。
You'd better watch Mr Smith，I think he is a thief.
你最佳当心史密斯先生，我想她是个贼。
2. be known for，be known as，be known to
be known for 以……出了名 (普通不是指同位关系)
be known as 作为……出了名 (普通加上职业名词，表同位关系)
be known to 为……所知
Japan is known for its cars.
日本以它汽车而闻名。
Luxun is known as a writer.
鲁迅作为作家很出名。
As is known to all，China has four famous invitations.
众所周知，中华人民共和国有四大知名创造。
3. elect，select，choose
elect 只能用于选举人，是投票选举正式用语。
They elected Nixon President. 她们选尼克松为总统。
choose 可用于挑选人或物。
It's hard for me to choose one from s0 many pairs of shoes.
要从这样多双鞋子当中挑选一双对我来说真是太难了。
select 意为精心挑选，多用于物。
She selected a pair of socks to match her suit.
她精心挑选了一双袜子来与衣服搭配。
4. burn down，burn up，burn out
bum down 指“烧为平地，烧毁”；也指“火力削弱”。
The house was burnt down in an hour.
房子一小时被烧为平地。
bum up 有“烧旺”之意，也可指“消耗掉”。
You'd better put more wood on the fire to make it burn up.
你最佳往火上添着柴，让它烧旺。
bum out 指“火熄灭”。
The fire had burnt out before I returned.
在我回来前，火已经熄灭了。
☆精典题例☆
( )1. The news reporters hurried to the airport，only ____ the film stars had left. ( 福建)
A. to tell B. be told
C. telling D. told
【解析】选B 该题考查不定式做成果状语用法。不定式前有only，just等词，后跟不定式普通表成果。又由于记者们应当是被告知，因此用不定式被动式。
( )2. Having been in bed for nearly a month，they
had a hard time ____ the exam. (福建)
A. pass B. to pass
C. passed D. passing
【解析】选D 该题考查句型 have a hard time (in)doing。
( )3. He hasn't slept at all for three days. ____ he is tired out. ( 湖北)
A. There is no point B. There is no need
C. It is no wonder D. It is no way
【解析】选C 依题意“她三天没睡，难怪她累极了。”There is no point in doing sth. 是本单元句型，意为：做某事没有作用或意义；而There is no need in doing sth. 没有必要做某事；It is no wonder 没什么大惊小怪；It is no way没也许。
( )4. The disc digitally ____ in the studio sounded fantastic at the party that night. (上海)
A. recorded B. recording
C. to be recorded D. having recorded
【解析】选A 通过度析句子，该题句子谓语显然是sounded，因而recorded只能是非谓语，因此选A，考查过去分词在句中做定语用法，recorded 相称于 which was recorded。
( )5. ____ I know the money is safe，I shall not worry about it. (北京)
A. Even though B. Unless
C. As long as D. While
【解析】选C 句意为“只要我懂得钱是安全，我就不会紧张。”even though“虽然”；unless“除非”；while“当……时候”，它们都同句意不吻合。
( ) 6. We were swimming in the lake ____ suddenly the stoma started. (北京春季)
A. when B. while
C. until D. before
【解析】选A 该题考查连词用法。该句意思是：当咱们正在湖里游泳时候，突然暴风雨开始了。when表达“这时(突然)”意思，这种用法when普通放句末。
( )7. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，____ a record US$57.65 a barrel on April 4. (山东)
A. have reached B. reaching
C. to reach D. to be reaching
【解析】选B 分词在句中做成果状语，可参见本单元句型6。
( )8. ____ the pot for me，and don't let the milk come out. I'll be back soon.
A. Observe B. Notice
C. Watch D. Look out
【解析】选C watch 表达集中精力“照顾，监视”，本句意为“帮我看着壶，别让牛奶溢出来。”；observe意为“观测”，表达动作；Notice指“注意到”表达到果；look out背面不能接宾语。
高二英语教材知识点总结及重难点解析Unit3-4
【短语归类】
【考点3】含 as 动词短语
① experience...as = consider...as = look upon / on…as
= treat...as 把……以为是
② act as 担任；起……作用
③ serve as 当，充当
④ work as 当，充当
⑤ use...as把……用作……
[例句] The theory is experienced as very advanced. 这个理论被以为是非常高深．
He acted as chairman in my absence. 我不在时她担任主席。
He serves as a waiter in a restaurant. 她在一家餐馆里当服务员。
【考例 3】Classroom testing，if well down，most certainly ____ as a stimulus (刺激) to study and real learning.
A. uses B. looks
C. acts D. does
[考查目的] 此题重要考查短语动词辨义问题。
[答案与解析]C 弄清题意。精确地判断空白处意义。题意是：课堂测试，如果做得好话，一定会对学习和真正学习有刺激作用。也就是说，课堂测试可以充当刺激。A项应当使用被动态，B、D两项则不能和 as 构成搭配。
2. call up 打电话，唤醒，使人想起
The sound of seagulls called up his happy memories of his childhood.
海鸥叫声唤起她对童年幸福记忆。
Please call me up at five.
请五点叫醒我 (或：五点打电话给我)
已学与 call 常用搭配尚有：
call off (取消，挂断电话)
call at / on (拜访某地／某人)
call for (规定，来找某人)
call in (召集，召来)
【考点4】含 come into 动词短语
① come into being 形成；产生
② come into effect / force 开始实行；生效
③ come into use / service 开始使用
④ come into power 开始执政；上台
⑤ come into view / sight 进入视线
⑥ come into fashion 开始流行
[例句] Romanticism didn't come into being until in the late 18 century in Europe. 浪漫主义运动直到18世纪未期才产生于欧洲。
The new seat-belt regulations came into effect last week. 使用安全带新规定于上周生效。
【考例4】 The church gate came into ____ as we rounded the next corner.
A. being B. service
C. effect D. view
[考查目的] 此题重要考查动词搭配问题。
[答案与解析]D 题意：咱们又拐了一种弯时，教堂大门映入了咱们眼帘。
4. go against 违背，违背(意愿、原则等)；对……不利
(无被动形式)
I'm not to go against my own family.
我不会背离我自己家人。
He was afraid that the hattie would go against them.
她胆怯那场战斗会对她们不利。
6. keep out (of) 挡住，不让进
He closed the window t0 keep the wind out (of the house).
她关上窗户不让风进来(进房子)。
The sign says "Keep out!"
牌子上写着：“请勿入内!”
类似用法：keep off 别碰，避开
You'd better keep off the sweet food.
你最佳少吃甜食。
Keep offthe grass!
请勿践踏草地!
【考点 1】含look短语
① look at 看待；考虑；检查
② look around / about 环顾
③ look up 查阅；仰望
④ look into 调查
⑤ look on 旁观
⑥ look back on 回顾，回忆
⑦ look down upon / on 看不起；鄙视
⑧ look over 翻阅；复习；检查
⑨ look to 照顾；注意
⑩ look up to 尊敬
⑩ 1ook forward to 盼望；预测会有
⑥ look out for 提防；当心
⑩ look on / upon...as... 把……看作……
⑩ look like 看上去像
⑥ look for 寻找
⑩ look sb. up and down 上下打量某人
⑥ look after 照看；照顾
⑩ look ahead 向前看
⑩ look out 小心：看外面
④ look through 浏览；检查
[例句] That's the way I look at it．那就是我看待这事方式。
When all the facts have been looked up，pass them on to me. 所有事实查出后，转交给我。
The police are looking into the records of all those involved in the crime. 警方正在调查所有涉嫌这起犯罪记录。
Looking back on it，one realizes that it was far from being a satisfactory conference. 回顾过去，人们会意识到那不是一次成功会议。
【考例1】In order to get a better solution. I think we'd better ____ the question from all sides.
A. look out B. look up
C. look for D. look at
[考查目的] 此题重要考查短语动词搭配问题。
[答案与解析]D不同介词或副词搭配，有不批准义。look out 查处，找出；当心，注意。look for 寻找。
7. send for 派人请，叫人拿
We sent for the document this morning.
咱们今天上午派人去取这份文献。
-- Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
有人去请怀特医生了吗?
-- He's already been sent for.
已经派人去了。
与 send 常用搭配有：
send off (发出) send up (发射) send out (发出)等。
8. set aside 把……放在一边；留出
He set aside his book and lit a cigarette.
她把书放在一边，点燃一支香烟。
Each month she tried to set aside part of her salary.
每月她都设法留出工资一某些。
aside 其她常用用法尚有：
stand aside (靠边站)
move aside (移到旁边)
put sth. aside for sb. (把某物留给某人)
【考点2】含 up 动词短语
① call up 召唤；调动；使人想起；打电话给
② light up 照亮；变得高兴起来
③ fill up 填写；盛满
④ take up 占用；拿起；从事
⑤ pick up 拾起；接送；听到；学会
[例句] Your letter calls up the days when we worked together in the countryside 20 years ago. 你信使人想起前咱们在一起工作日子。
Sue's face lighted up when she heard the good news. 听到这个好消息时，苏流露出高兴面容。
The room soon filled up with people. 房间里不久就挤满了人。
She's taken up flower-decoration at evening classes. 她在夜校学习插花。
【考例2】It has been raining harder and harder for quite a few days. The village seemed to be in danger of being flooded．Mr Smith decided to ____ all the youngmen in the village to strengthen the river bank.
A. call in B. call up
C. call at D. call for
[考查目的] 此题重要考查动词辨义问题。
[答案与解析]B call in 召进，请进。call at (a place)访问(某地)。call / or需要，去接。
【考点5】副词短语
① far from 完全不．远不
② next to 儿乎；仅次于
③ in a hurry 匆忙；不久地
[例句] The problem is far from (being) easy. 这个问题完全不容易。
Papering the ceiling proved next to impossible without aladder. 用纸糊天花板没有梯子儿乎是不也许。She dressed herself in a hurry. 她匆匆地穿上衣服。
▲情谊提示：far from 后可接名词、形容词，或 being +形容词／名词。next to后常接某些否定词。
【考例5】I'm terribly sorry to tell you that your work is far from ____.
A. satisfying B. a satisfaction
C. being satisfactory D. to satisfy
[考查目的] 此题重要考查 far from 用法。
[答案与解析]C satisfaction 是不可教名词，前不可使用a。from后不可接不定式。satisfying虽然意思与satisfactory 相似，但常使用satisfactory，其中being经
常省略。
☆精典题例☆
( )1. Modern plastics can ____ very high and very
low temperatures．(山东)
A. stand B. hold
C. carry D. support
【解析】选A 句意为“承受高温或低温”，故选stand。
( )2. When ____，the museum will be open to the
public next year.
A. completed B. completing
C. being completed D. to be completed
【解析】选A 该题从句使用了省略形式，省略了与主句主语一致主语 the museum 和系动词 is。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，若从句主语与主句主语一致，同步从句谓语动词又具有系动词be，常可省略从句主语与系动词be．．
( )3. This is an illness that can result in total blindness
if ____.
A. leaving untreated B. left untreated
C. leaving to untreat D. left untreating
【解析】选B if后逻辑关系是：这种病被忽视未被治疗，表达被动关系，通过两个分词left和untreated表达。完整句子为：if it is left untreated，分词作非谓语动词可带连词。
( )4. The manager decided to give the job to ____ he
believe had a strong sense of duty.
A. whoever B. whomever
C. who D. no matter who
【解析】选A whoever引导宾语从句，作介词to宾语。但同步又做主句主语，不能用whomever；而no matter who 引导让步状语从句，因此也不能用。
( )5. ____ nice，the fish was sold out soon.
A. Tasted B. Tasting
C. To taste D. Being taste
【解析】选B 系动词，作不及物动词用，无被动语态。因此不能用过去分词．而用当前分词，tasting nice做因素状语。
( )6. In the dark forests ____，some large enough to
hold several English towns. ( 辽宁)
A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes
C. many lakes lie D. many laks stand
【解析】选B 该句倒装，主语是lakes，不及物动词stand，lie均可用来表达“位于”，但stand意为“站立，挺立”，用于立体物体；lie为“躺，卧”，相对于平面而言。
( )7. The scientists my the plant's ____ in this area
was a terrible sign of the worse environment.
A. introduetion B. absence
C. presence D. appearance
【解析】选B 全句意为“这个地区这种植物消失是环境恶化一种迹象”。
( )8. -- Will $200 ____?
-- I'm afraid not. We need at least 50 more dollars.
A. count B. satisfy
C. fit D. do
【解析】选D 问句意为“200美元可行吗?”do可作不及物动词，作“行，可以”解，表达对莱一事实承认。fit意为“吻合”，不是抽象意义“适当”。
( )9. The key doesn't ____ the lock.
A. fit B. fit for
C. fit to D. fit with
【解析】选A 此处应作及物动词用，意为“这把钥匙不是配这把锁”，不及物用法应为fit in with，形容词用法应是be fit for 或 be fit to do...。
( )10. You don't look well recently. Try to ____ strong wine.
A. keep off B. keep out
C. keep out of D. keep up
【解析】选A keep off意为“别碰，远离”，句意是“身体不好，不要喝烈酒”；keep up意为“坚持，保持”；keep