中考英语语法精讲例析.doc
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中考英语语法精讲例析 数词 (一) 知识概要 数词用来表示人或物的数目多少和顺序。所以数词主要有两种:基数词,用于计数,如:one, two…而序数词用于表示位置先后或次序,台:first second…其构成法如下: 阿拉伯数字 基数词 序数词 简写序数词 1 one first 1st 2 two second 2nd 3 three third 3rd 4 four fourth 4th 5 five fifth 5th 6 six sixth 6th 7 seven seventh 7th 8 eight eighth 8th 9 nine ninth 9th 10 ten tenth 10th 11 eleven eleventh 11th 12 twelve twelfth 12th 13 thirteen thirteenth 13th 14 fourteen fourteenth 14th 15 fifteen fifteenth 15th 16 sixteen sixteenth 16th 17 seventeen seventeenth 17th 18 eighteen eighteenth 18yh 19 nineteen nineteenth 19th 20 twenty twentieth 20th 21 twenty-one twenty-first 21st 30 thirty thirtieth 30th 40 forty fortieth 40th 50 fifty fiftieth 50th 60 sixty sixtieth 60th 70 seventy seventieth 70th 80 eighty eightieth 80th 90 ninety ninetieth 90th 100 a(one)hundred hundredth 100th 104 one hundred and four hundred and fourth 104th 1000 a(one) thounsand thounsandth 1000th 10000 ten thounsand ten thounsandth 10000th 1000000 one million millionth 1000000th 基数词与序数词都有一定的构成方法,但都有特殊例外的几个字,所以除了要学会一般构成法之外,还要特别记熟一些例外。因它们在考试中出现的频率很高。 1 基数词构成结构 21~99的两位数字,在10位和个位之间加连字符构成,如89-eighty-nine.101~999的三位数字,由hundred 加and 再加二位数或未位数字,如: 101-one hundred and one, 223-two hundred and twenty-three.四位以上数字,应从个位起向前数三位加逗号,读作thousand,再数三位加第二个逗号,读作million,再数三位加逗号,读作billion,其读法如下: 1001-one thousand and one5386-five thousand, three hundred and eighty-six要注意的是hundred, thousand, million与billion的用法。①前面有别的基数词时,即若干个百、千、百万、十亿时,其本身都不要加s,如:three hundred students。 ② 若表示成百,成千或数百,数千时,前面不能有基数词,但其本身要用复数形式,然后+of+名词复数。如:thousands and thousands of。 (成千上万) 2 序数词的构成法 序数词除first, second, third 以外,其余一般在词尾加th构成,除一般略有差异的各别数词外,很容易掌握。其二位数或多位数只将后面的个位数字改为序数词,其前面各位数字均不改变,都用基数词。 3 其他数字表示法 小数的小数点读作point,零读作o[u]或zero,小数点后面的数字按个位基数词依次读出。分数分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1时,分数要在序数词上加s,但1/2用one half, 1 4 用a quarter. 1 3 读作one third而 2 3 读作two thirds。百分数(%),读作per cent (percent),但不论是多少均用作单数形式不能加s。表示日期有两种说法和四种写法,如:2月1号英语表达法为:the first of February而美语为February (the) first,但其书写上可有四种写法① February 1 ② February 1st ③ 1st February ④ 1/2。倍数的讲法有所不同。两倍用twice,而三倍以上用序数词加times,如:He has three times as many books as I have. (二) 正误辨析 [误] 1107 should be read as a thousand a hundred as seven. [正] 1107 should be read as one thousand one hundred and seven. [析] 在读数字时,如:and前只有百或千时,用one hundred/ one thousand 还是a hundred /a thousand全是可以的。但如果文有百又有千时,则只能用one不要用a。 如果没有and时,如:1100也只能读作one thousand one hundred 或eleven hundred. [误] I drove about half mile. [正] I drove about half a mile. [析] 半小时为half an hour, 半天为half a day, 半镑为half a pound, 尽量避免用half a year, half a month, 要用six months, two weeks 或 fifteen days 要注意的是Half of the work is done Half of the books are sold. 当Half 作名词时,其谓语动词要看of后面的名词而定。如名词是不可数名词则用单数谓语动词,如是复数名词时,则要用复数谓语动词。要注意的是一个半的表达法,如:One and a half apples is left on the table.其名词要用复数,但谓语动词则要用单数。 [误] 60 students are playing on the ground. [正] Sixty students are playing on the ground. [析] 在句首的数字要用文字而不要用阿拉伯数字,如数字过大则应放于句中,用阿拉伯数字。如: There are 166 students playing on the ground. [误] He became famous around fifty years old. [正] He became famous in his fifties. [析] in his fifties 50多岁时,而in the fiflies 在50年代。 [误] There are about two thousands workers in our factory. [正] There are about two thousand workers in our factory [析] 几千,几百的表达法是基数词加thousand或加hundred,而且均不要加s。这样的单位还有dozen(打), score (20年)等。 [误] In the morning there are hundred of old people walking in the park. [正] In the morning there are hundreds of old people walking in the park. [析] 当表达数百,数千时,要用hundreds of和thousands of 这一结构。 [误] The class begins at eight a. m. [正] The class begins at 8 a. m. [析] 与符号或与缩写的字母连用时一定要用数字,如:43%, 67, No.2… [误] Twofifth of the books are sold out. [正] Twofifths of the books are sold out. [析] 分数表示法,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,但分子大于1时,分母要在序数词后加s。 [误] Tom was born on July eighteen. [正] Tom was born on July eighteenth. [析] 月日的表达法有美语和英语两种。 美语 July 18 读作 July eighteenth 英语 July 18th 读作 July the eighteenth [误] I'll go to school at 7∶30 a. m. in the morning. [正] I'll go to school at 7∶30 a. m/ at 7∶30 in the morning. [析] a. m 即表达在早上之意,不要再用in the morning. [误] The film will begin at three quarters past one. [正] The film will begin at one quarter to two. [析] 大于30分钟时不要使用past,而要用差多少不到几点的to来表达。 [误] Three time three is nine. [正] Three times three is nine. [析] times 此处作为"乘"讲一定要加s。 英语中乘除法表达式如下: 算法 种类 例 句 加法 一般 Five and six is eleven. 正式 Five plus six is (equals) eleven. 减法 一般 Eight take away four leaves (is) four. Four from Eight leaves (is) four. 正式 Eight minus four equals (is) four. 乘法 一般 Three fours are twelve 3×4=12 正式 Three times four equals (is) twelve. 一般 Two in to four is two. 正式 Four divided by two equals two. (三) 例题解析 1 - How many students are there in your school, Mike? - There are over ___ students in our school. A. two thousands B. two thousands of C. two thousand D. two thousand of [答案] C. [析] 有基数词在前面时thousand, hundred 等词不能加s,也不能加of结构,只有在thousands of时才可以使用。 2 John lives on ___ floor. He doesn't use a lift to go up and down. A. nine B. the ninth C. ninth D. a ninth [答案] B. [析] 序数词前加定冠词,nine 与 ninth 的拼写上有一个e字母相差别。 3 Wu Dong won the girls' ___ race in the school sports meeting last week. A. 100 metres B. 100metres C. 100 metre D. 100metre [答案] D. [析] 数词、名词、形容词等词用连字符连接成的形容词中,名词都不要加s,如: I have to write a twothousandword report.而且由连字符组成的形容词只能放于名词前,不能放于名词后,作后置定语,或用在be动词后作表语。 4 There are ___ students in our school. A. four hundred twenty B. four hundred and twenty C. four hundreds twenty D. four hundreds and twenty [答案] B. 5 - How many days are there in a year? - There are ___ . A. three hundreds and sixtyfive B. three hundreds sixtyfive C. three hundred and sixtyfive D. three hundred sixty five [答案] C. 6 We have learned about ___ English words. A. nine hundreds B. nine hundred C. nine hundred of D. nine hundreds of [答案] B. 7 Autumn is ___ season of the year. A. third B. the three C. thirds D. the third [答案] D. 8 They are learning ___ now. A. Lesson Eight B. the eight lesson C. Lesson Eithth D. Eighth lesson [答案] A. [析] 第几课,第几个门……,在英语中有两种说法,①Lesson Two, Gate Two但要注意每一单词的首字母要大写。② the second lesson, the second gate 首字母不要大写,并要注意有些缩写的读法。如: p. 8-第8页(page eight) $ 8.50-8.5美元(five dollars and fifty) 电话号码66164532-(six, six, one, six, four five, three, two) 9 The boy was so hungry that he ate ___ . A. three bowls of rices B. three bowl of rice C. three bowl of rices D. three bowls of rice [答案] D. [析] rice 是不可数物质名词,而bowl是可数名词。 10 There are ___ months in a year. A. twelve B. twelf C. twelveth D. twelfth [答案] A. 中考英语语法专题不定代词 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有all,both,each,every等,以及含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代词,如anybody, something,no one。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语, 但none和由some,any,no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语;every和no只能作定语。如: --- Do you have a car? --你有一辆小汽车吗? --- Yes, I have one. --是的,我有一辆。 --- I don't know any of them. 他们,我一个也不认识。 中考英语语法专题—代词 代词 代词是代替名词的词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词可以分为九类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词。 一、 人称代词 1、人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化,见下表: 单数 复数 格 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 he him they them she her they them it it they them 2、人称代词的用法 (1)代词作主语时用主格,作宾语时用宾格: He has great concern for them. 他很关心他们。 They all like him very much. 他们都很喜欢他。 She gave the books to you and me. 这些书是她送给你和我的。 (2)人称代词作表语时,用宾格时较多,特别是在口语中,例如: Who is knocking at the door?- It’s me. 谁敲门?-是我。 If I were her, I would take the advice. 我要是她就接收这个意见。 Imagine yourself to be me. 设想你是我。 但在下面这种结构中却常用主格: It was he who did it. It is she who wants it. 在表示比较的非正式的文体中,常用宾格代替主格: He is more intelligent than her. He is taller than I am. 3、在使用人称代词时还应注意以下几点: (1)we, you两词有时可用来泛指一般人: We (you) have to be cautious under such circumstances. 在这样的情况下大家应特别小心。 We (You) should keep calm even when we (you) are in danger. 即使在危急时刻也要保持冷静。 They也可用来泛指某一些人: They don’t allow us to smoke here. 这儿不让抽烟。(They代表谁不清楚) They don’t make decent furniture nowadays. 现今做不出象样的家具。 (2)she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等: I think England will do what she promised to do. 我想英国会履行她的诺言。 The “Easter” is due in tomorrow, isn’t she? 东方号轮船明天进港,是吗? (3)在并列的主语中,I总放在最后: Mr. Wang and I are in charge of the work. 我和王先生负责这项工作。 中考英语语法专题代词练习题 强化练习题 1. She heard a terrible noise, ______ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that B 2. The teacher gave the books to all the students except _______who had already taken them. A. ones B. some C. the ones D. the others C 3. Our manager allowed _______to take a holiday next week. A. you and I B. yourself and me C.I and you D. you and me D 4. Although he 's wealthy,he spends___ on clothes. A. little B. few C. a little D. a few A 5. They were all tired, but _____ of them would stop to take a rest. A. any B. some C. none D. neither C 6. I don’t know whether small oranges are sweeter than big ______. A. those B. ones C. one D. that B 7. When they met, they stopped and said hello to_______. A. each other B. each another C. the other each D .each one A 8. After everyone took_______ place, the meeting began. A. his B. their C. there D. the A 9. -Why don’t we take a little break? -Didn’t we just have _______? A. it B. that C. one D. this C 10. If you want to change for a double room you’ll have to pay ___$15. A. another B. other C. more D. each A 11. We should always keep ______ well-informed of the changing information. A. us B. ours C. ourselves D. we C 12. Give the message to ______ is at the table. A. whomever B. whosever C. whatever D. whoever D 13. I found _______impossible for _______to work out the maths problem. A. it; him B. it; he C. that; him D. that; he A 14. Few pleasures can equal _____ of a cool drink on a hot day. A. some B. any C. that D. those C 15. I hate ______ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. these D. them A 16. Mary learned Chinese for about two years, _______is, from 1993 to 1995. A. this B. that C. it D. he B 17. She is doing her homework.I'll do_______. A. such B. so C. the same D. the same as B 18. In some restaurants, food and service are worse than ______ used to be. A. they B. it C. them D. that A 19. Everyone who comes to the party is given a wooden apple with _____ own names cut in it as a souvenir. A. his B. her C. their D. our A 20. Children can usually dress ______ by the age of five. A. him B. them C. himself D. themselves D 答案与解析(部分) 1. B 在非限定性定语从句中指代前面的整个句子,应用which。 2. C 3. D 4. A spend所指的是钱,不可数,只能用little或 a little. 本句为although引导的让步状语从句,由句意知后句为否定含义,因此应用little表示几乎不。 5. C 根据题干中的all和but来判断,只能选C。 6. B 7. A 8. A 9. C one代替上文提到的名词,表示同样的另一物品,在one之后无需加介词短语。 10. A another是不定代词,意为“另一个”,正合题意。 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. C 只能用that指代pleasures;句中的equal是动词。 15. A 空缺处只能填上形式宾语it。 16-20 BBAAD 中考英语语法专题关系代词 关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,as等,可用作引导从句的关联词。它们在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等;另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词(通称为先行词)。 如: He is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那个人。八、连接代词: 连接代词主要有who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, which ever等。 连接代词一般指疑问, 但what, whatever除了指疑问之外, 也可指陈述。 Do you know who has won the Red Alert game? 你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗? I don't know whom you should depend on? 我不知道你该依靠谁。 This book will show you what the best CEO should know. 这本书会告诉你最好CEO的应该了解什么。 Have you determined whichever you should buy, a Nokia walkie-talkie or a Motorola cell phone? 你决定好买诺基亚无线话机呢还是买摩托罗拉手机? 中考英语语法专题—反身代词 数 单数 复数 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 人称代词 I you He/she/it we you they 反身代词 myself yourself Himself/herself/itself ourselves yourselves themselves 反身代词 另外,one的反身代词为oneself 2、 反身代词的用法: (1) 作宾语: He teaches himself English at home.他在家自学英语。 He can buy himself a lot of nice things.他可以给自己买好多好东西。 We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心。 Take good care of yourself. 好好保重。 He thinks more of others than of himself. 他想到别人比想到自己更多一些。 2) 作表语: I'm not quite myself today. 我今天情绪不好。 He doesn't seem himself this morning. 今天上午他似乎不舒服。 That poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。 I’ll be myself again in no time. 我一会儿就会好的。 (3) 作主语或宾语的同位语(作主语同位语时,放在主语后或句末): The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。 I went to the cinema myself. 我独自去了电影院。 You can go and ask him himself. 你可以去问他本人。 We had better ask the president himself about it. 最好问校长本人。 (4) 间或可以用作主语(代替人称代词): Both my sister and myself asked to go and work there. 我妹妹和我都要求到那里工作。 Charles and myself saw it. 查尔斯和我看见了这件事。 (5) 反身代词还可以与某些介词连用,组成固定搭配: ① by oneself:自己,一个人干 They made the machine all by themselves. 这机器完全是他们自己制造的。 This is a machine that works by itself. 这是一部自动化的机器。 ② for oneself:替自己,为自己 She made no complaint for herself. 她没有替自己抱怨。 He has a right to decide for himself. 他有权自己决定。 ③ in oneself:本身 This is not a bad idea in itself. 这主意本身并不错。 They were good men in themselves. 他们本身都是一些好人。 ④ between ourselves:私下说的话 All this is between ourselves. 这些都不能告诉别人。 Between ourselves, he is a selfish man. 咱们私下说,他这个人很自私。 ⑤ among themselves:……之间 They had a heated discussion among themselves. 他们之间进行了热烈的讨论。 They were always quarrelling among themselves. 他们老是相互争吵。 ⑥ to oneself:供自己用 She had a room to herself. 她自己住一间房。 I want a little time to myself. 我想有一点自己支配的时间。 中考英语语法专题—冠词 1 一、概说 冠词:属于虚词,在句子里主要是对名词起限定作用,帮助说明名次的含义。冠词可以分为不定冠词(the Indefinite Article)和定冠词(the Definite Article)两种。“a(an)”是不定冠词,“the”是定冠词。这类词的数量很小,但是其活动性却很大,很大。 不定冠词a (an)与数词one同源,是“一个”的意思,用于辅音音素前,一般读作[e],而an则用于元音音素前,一般读做[en],和可数名词单数连用,表示某类人或东西中的一个。例如: Lend me a novel, will you?借一本小说给我看,好吗? This is an agricultural school,这是一所农业学校。 需要注意的是,在英文中,a / an并不等于one 。 例:He only has one dictionary.他只有一本词典。( 正确 ) He only has a dictionary.他只有一本词典。( 错误 ) One minute is enough for me to do it . 我做这件事一分钟足够了。(正确 ) A minute is enough for me to do it . 我做这件事一分钟足够了( 错误 ) 定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有“那(这)个”的意思,但意义较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。例如: Show me the novel you’ve just bought.把你刚买的那本小说拿给我看看。 This is the agricultural school I told you about.这就是我和你谈起的那所农业学校。 二、不定冠词的用法 1、不定冠词用来表示“一”这个数量,意思和one差不多: Rome was not built in a day.罗马不是一天建成的。 He wi- 配套讲稿:
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3、本站所有内容均由用户上传,付费前请自行鉴别,如您付费,意味着您已接受本站规则且自行承担风险,本站不进行额外附加服务,虚拟产品一经售出概不退款(未进行购买下载可退充值款),文档一经付费(服务费)、不意味着购买了该文档的版权,仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用,不得用于商业用途,未经授权,严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等,侵权必究。
4、如你看到网页展示的文档有www.zixin.com.cn水印,是因预览和防盗链等技术需要对页面进行转换压缩成图而已,我们并不对上传的文档进行任何编辑或修改,文档下载后都不会有水印标识(原文档上传前个别存留的除外),下载后原文更清晰;试题试卷类文档,如果标题没有明确说明有答案则都视为没有答案,请知晓;PPT和DOC文档可被视为“模板”,允许上传人保留章节、目录结构的情况下删减部份的内容;PDF文档不管是原文档转换或图片扫描而得,本站不作要求视为允许,下载前自行私信或留言给上传者【仙人****88】。
5、本文档所展示的图片、画像、字体、音乐的版权可能需版权方额外授权,请谨慎使用;网站提供的党政主题相关内容(国旗、国徽、党徽--等)目的在于配合国家政策宣传,仅限个人学习分享使用,禁止用于任何广告和商用目的。
6、文档遇到问题,请及时私信或留言给本站上传会员【仙人****88】,需本站解决可联系【 微信客服】、【 QQ客服】,若有其他问题请点击或扫码反馈【 服务填表】;文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等,请点击“【 版权申诉】”(推荐),意见反馈和侵权处理邮箱:1219186828@qq.com;也可以拔打客服电话:4008-655-100;投诉/维权电话:4009-655-100。
1、咨信平台为文档C2C交易模式,即用户上传的文档直接被用户下载,收益归上传人(含作者)所有;本站仅是提供信息存储空间和展示预览,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容不做任何修改或编辑。所展示的作品文档包括内容和图片全部来源于网络用户和作者上传投稿,我们不确定上传用户享有完全著作权,根据《信息网络传播权保护条例》,如果侵犯了您的版权、权益或隐私,请联系我们,核实后会尽快下架及时删除,并可随时和客服了解处理情况,尊重保护知识产权我们共同努力。
2、文档的总页数、文档格式和文档大小以系统显示为准(内容中显示的页数不一定正确),网站客服只以系统显示的页数、文件格式、文档大小作为仲裁依据,个别因单元格分列造成显示页码不一将协商解决,平台无法对文档的真实性、完整性、权威性、准确性、专业性及其观点立场做任何保证或承诺,下载前须认真查看,确认无误后再购买,务必慎重购买;若有违法违纪将进行移交司法处理,若涉侵权平台将进行基本处罚并下架。
3、本站所有内容均由用户上传,付费前请自行鉴别,如您付费,意味着您已接受本站规则且自行承担风险,本站不进行额外附加服务,虚拟产品一经售出概不退款(未进行购买下载可退充值款),文档一经付费(服务费)、不意味着购买了该文档的版权,仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用,不得用于商业用途,未经授权,严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等,侵权必究。
4、如你看到网页展示的文档有www.zixin.com.cn水印,是因预览和防盗链等技术需要对页面进行转换压缩成图而已,我们并不对上传的文档进行任何编辑或修改,文档下载后都不会有水印标识(原文档上传前个别存留的除外),下载后原文更清晰;试题试卷类文档,如果标题没有明确说明有答案则都视为没有答案,请知晓;PPT和DOC文档可被视为“模板”,允许上传人保留章节、目录结构的情况下删减部份的内容;PDF文档不管是原文档转换或图片扫描而得,本站不作要求视为允许,下载前自行私信或留言给上传者【仙人****88】。
5、本文档所展示的图片、画像、字体、音乐的版权可能需版权方额外授权,请谨慎使用;网站提供的党政主题相关内容(国旗、国徽、党徽--等)目的在于配合国家政策宣传,仅限个人学习分享使用,禁止用于任何广告和商用目的。
6、文档遇到问题,请及时私信或留言给本站上传会员【仙人****88】,需本站解决可联系【 微信客服】、【 QQ客服】,若有其他问题请点击或扫码反馈【 服务填表】;文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等,请点击“【 版权申诉】”(推荐),意见反馈和侵权处理邮箱:1219186828@qq.com;也可以拔打客服电话:4008-655-100;投诉/维权电话:4009-655-100。
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