阅读理解细节题解题技巧.doc

阅读理解细节题解题技巧
综观近几年的高考英语阅读题，尽管推断题呈不断上升的趋势，但细节仍然占有较大比例，而且已由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查同学们对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度比往年有所增加。本文拟就细节题的不同类型谈谈其解题技巧。
一、语义转换题——跳读查找法
这是做事实细节题最基本也是最常用的方法。在通常情况下，细节题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，同学们若能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。
运用跳读查找法时，同学们要特别注意试题（包括选项）与原文之间的适当变换。根据近几年的考题情况来看，现在很少有直接用原文中的句子进行考查和猜试的，而通常要进行一定的处理。而这种“处理”主要就是指进行语义转换，其中包括同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等。请看下面的例子（重庆高考英语试题）：
“My kids really understand solar and earth-heat energy,” says a second-grade teacher in Saugus, California. “Some of them are building solar collectors for their energy course.” These young scientists are part of City Building Educational Program (CBEP), a particular program for kindergarten through twelfth grade that uses the stages of city planning to teach basic reading, writing and math skills, and more.
The children don’t just plan any city. They map and analyze the housing, energy, and transportation requirements of their own district and foretell its needs in 100 years. With the aid of and architect (建筑师) who visits the classroom once a week, they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations. “Designing buildings of the future gives children a lot of freedom,” says the teacher who developed this program. “They are able to use their own rich imagination and inventions without fear of blame, because there are no wrong answers in a future context. In face, as the class enters the final model-building stage of the program, an elected “official” and “planning group” make all the design decisions for the model city, and the teacher steps back and becomes an adviser.”
CBEP is a set of activities, games and imitations that teach the basic steps necessary for problem-solving: observing, analyzing, working out possible answers, and judging them based on the children’s own standards.
1. An architect pays a weekly visit to the classroom______.
A. to find out kid’s creative ideas B. to discuss with the teacher
C. to give children lectures D. to help kids with their program
2. Who is the designer of the program? _____
A. An official B. An architect C. A teacher D. A scientist
解题分析
1. 选D。根据第2段中的With the aid of an architect who visits the classroom once a week, they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations可知答案为D。 句中的aid“帮助”，与help同义。
2. 选C。 根据第2段中的…the teacher who developed this program 可知答案选C。develop与design在此大致同义。

二、生活应用题——常识理解法
生活应用题要求考生在读懂文章的基础上结合一定的生活常识进行判断。不过，有趣的是，高考有时会出席那一些“低级”常识判断提，即无需看懂文章，也可选出最佳答案。请看一个实例（全国卷高考英语试题）：
A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle: it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.
     “Having a party at home usually requires a lot of running around on the part of the parents, and often the birthday boy or girl gets lost in wild excitement. But it really doesn’t have to be that way,” said Anaclerio. Last summer, Anaclerio and her friend Jill Carlisle, a Northbrook mother of a 2-year-old, founded a home party-planning business called “A Party in a Basket.” Their goal is to help parents and children share in the fun part of party planning, like choosing the subject or making a cake, while they take care of everything.
       Drawing on their experiences as mothers, they have created (制作) 10 ready-to-use, home party packages. Everything a family needs to plan a party, except the cake and ice cream, is delivered to the home in a large basket.
      “Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10,” Anaclerio said, “and they’re very interactive (互动) and creative in that they build a sense of drama based on a subject. For example, at the Soda Shoppe party the guests become waiters and waitresses and build wonderful ice cream creation.”
The standard $200 package for eight children includes a basket filled with invitations, gifts, games and prizes, paper goods, a party planner and the like. For more information, call Anaclerio at 708-864-6584 or Carlisle at 708-205-9141.
1. Which of the following is most likely to be a party planner?

解题分析：
先看四个选项（图形）所表示的意思：选项A是一个记事本，左边写着Date, Things to do…., 右边写着People to invite….；选项B是一份礼品；选项C是一张卡片，上面写着Happy Birthday； 选项D是一份菜单上面写着Potato soup 3.00…等。聪明的考生，只要注意到题干中的a party planner, 变可排除B、C选项，因为根据常识，他们显然不是planner(计划书)。A、D两项到底选哪项呢？两项都有点像planner，但仔细比较一下便可知A最佳。a party planner的意思是“晚会计划书”，根据常识，要计划一场晚会，当然首先要明确日期（date）,还要确定做些什么事（things to do）以及邀请什么人（people to invite）等，而选项D只是一份菜单，它表明的只是一些菜的价格，显然与a party planner 不符。

三、细节排序题——首尾定位法
这种试题要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。同学们在做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个动作和最后一个动作，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。请看下面的例子（浙江高考英语试题）：
Fat and shy, Ben Saunders was the last kid in his class picked for any sports team.” Football, tennis, cricket—anything with a round ball, I was useless.” He says now with a laugh. But back then he was the one always made fun of in school gym in Devonshire, England.
It was a mountain bike he received for his 15th birthday that changed him. At first he went biking alone in a nearby forest. Then he began to ride the bike along with a runner friend. Gradually, Saunders set his mind on building up his body, increasing his speed and strength. At the age of 18, he ran his first marathon.
The following year, he met John Ridgway and was hired as an instructor at Ridgway’s School of Adventure in Scotland, where he learned about Ridgway’s cold-water exploits. Greatly interested, Saunders read all he could about North Pole explorers and adventures, then decided that this would be his future.
In 2001,after becoming a skillful skier, Saunders started his first long-distance expedition(探险)towards the North Pole, It took unbelievable energy. He suffered frostbite（冻疮）, ran into a polar bear and pushed his body to the limit, pulling his supply-loaded sled（雪橇）up and over rocky ice.
Saunders has since become the youngest person to ski alone to the North Pole, and he’s skied more of the North Pole by himself than any other British man. His old playmates would not believe the change.
Next October, Saunders, 27, heads south from the coast of Antarctica to the South Pole and back, a 2900-kilometre journey that has never been completed on skis.
1. Which of the following is the correct order of the events that happened to Saunders?
a. He ran his first marathon b. He skied alone in the North Pole.
c. He rode his bike in a forest. d. He planned an adventure to the South Pole.
A. acdb B. cdab C. acbd D. cabd.
解题分析：
题目要求我们按事件发生时间来进行安排。根据首尾定位法，第一步是c. He rode his bike in a forest, 最后一步是d. He planned an adventure to the South Pole,故答案选D。

四、寻找信息题——题干定位法
快速寻找信息题一般为功能阅读题，主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表等。做这类题时没有必要阅读全文，宜采用“题干定位法”。请看下面的例子（浙江高考英语试题）：
Take Action for a Better World: Volunteers Needed
Six months’ preparation in Denmark: Africa studies, team work combined with social work risk group teenagers.
Six months’ community work in Malawi in people to people projects: Child Aid, HIV/AIDS Fights and Teacher Training.
Qualifications(条件)：18 years, hard-working and social engagement.
Please contact us by email：takeaction@
Part-time Work with Exchange Students
YOUTH International is a non-profit high school foreign exchange student organization. We welcome teenagers from over 80 countries worldwide and provide host families. The Community Representative is a part-time position designed for people with a strong desire to do something rewarding in the community and earn some extra money.
Applicants(申请人) best suited for this work should enjoy teenagers, have a strong interest in cross-cultural communication, and feel comfortable networking. Full training and support will be provided through branch offices throughout the U.S Positions available in most states.
If interested, please email [e-mail] or call 888-123-9872.
International Summer Job
Hi, I’m an ESL student in China. I’m 20, quiet and polite, and I speak reasonable English. I am looking for a summer job in an English-speaking country. I can teach Chinese or do house and garden work, and cook Chinese dishes. Can anybody offer me a Job? I don’t need to earn much, just enough in 2 months (July-August) to pay for my return ticket to China. My goal is to improve my English and see a bit more of the world.
My email is : ram3462@

Call for Native Speakers of English
I am looking for native speakers of English to join in an experiment. This experiment is carried out over the Internet. You don’t need any specific knowledge other than understanding and speaking English at a native level. The first task will take you around 15 minutes. After this task, you can decide whether you want to continue the experiment. The tasks involve reading texts and designing questions and answers.
If you are willing to help me , then please email me : club3864@

1. Who is suitable to work as a Community Representative in YOUTH International?
A. One who enjoys working with teenagers from different countries.
B. One who hopes to take action in fighting against diseases
C. One who has a strong desire to improve his or her English
D. One who wants to earn some pocket money in the program
2. Where will Jack, a volunteer, receive the training before he is sent to work in Malawi?
A. In some local offices in the U.S B. In an ESL organization in China
C. In a preparation program in Denmark D. In an exchange student center in Africa
3. If Mrs. Black in the U.S hopes to learn some Chinese at home, she may contact__________.
A. takeaction@ B. ram3462@
C. club3864@ D. [e-mail]
解题分析
1. 选A。 根据题干中的关键词YOUTH International 可知，此题答案一定在第二个表格中。再根据其中的teenagers from over 80 countries 以及… should enjoy teenagers…可知答案选A。
2. 选C。 根据题干中的关键词volunteer和work in Malawi可知，此题答案一定在第一个表格中。再根据其中的Six months’ preparation in Denmark可知答案选C。
3. 选B。根据题干中的关键词hopes to learn some Chinese at home可知，此题答案一定在第三个表格中，故答案选B。