高考书面表达分类指导.doc

高考书面表达分类指导
A. 观点对比类文章
B. 今昔对比类文章
C. 数据说明类文章
D. 看图说话类文章
E. 提示议论文类文章
F．应聘类文章
G.介绍某人，某物，某地，某计划，某项目类文章

A. 表示观点对比类写作套语
v 总起:
Different people hold different opinions.
Opinions are divided.
People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards …
People have different opinions on this problem.
People take different views on this question.
v 表达观点一:
…of them hold the opinion that ….
…of them are in favor of the idea that…
People who are for/against the idea think …

v 表达不同观点之间的衔接:
v However, …of them hold a different view. / …of them hold the opposite opinion.
v People who are against it don’t think so.
v However, each coin has two sides.
v Different from those…., …people think ….
v On the other hand, … people object that ….
1． 近来，越来越多的学生在校外租房而不愿住大寝室。请根据下面提示，一分为二地用英语写一篇短文，说说两者各自的好处与坏处，并表明自己的观点。
1. 学习时间； 2. 安全； 3. 自由性； 4. 与同学交往； 5. 学习效果。
注意：可从其他角度阐述，但两方面的理由都至少要有两条；词数100左右。
Nowadays, some students would not like to live in a dorm. Instead, they rent houses outside the school. There are advantages for both. Living in a dorm can increase friendship and cooperation between classmates. And of cause it is safer. A dorm is more like a society, which enables students to learn to adapt to each other, thus preparing for the social life later. As for renting houses to live alone, it’s better for study as you can feel free in your own room without being interrupted by others. As a result, you can have more time and devote yourself to studying whole-heartedly. But there may appear some safety problems as you live outside of the school.
Anyhow, as a student, I prefer living in a dorm.
2．. 近年来，禽流感频发，一些国家在疫区捕杀所有鸟类。对此，你们班开展了主题班会，讨论结果如下：
赞成捕杀者认为
反对捕杀者认为
你的态度
1．防止病毒扩散、威胁人类健康
1．捕杀鸟类，不公平，太残忍
？
2．疫区扩大，不易治愈
2．尽快找到疫苗
注意：
1．参考词汇：禽流感bird flu；家禽poultry；病毒virus；疫苗vaccine
解析：参考例文（下划线的为文章的亮点）
As it is well-known that bird flu has spread through many countries. People have taken some measurements to prevent it.
Some think it is necessary to kill all the poultry and birds. At present it is only a good way to prevent the deadly virus from spreading and harming people’s health. The more the virus spreads , the more difficult it is to conquer it.
However, others think it is unfair and awfully cruel to do so just for the benefit of human beings. Finding vaccines as quickly as possible is the most important think.
As far as I’m concerned, catching and killing birds is not necessary. It may cause the birds to die out. Also, birds are friends to us human beings.
3．

观点
理由
1
首先选择专业
1．可以学习自己感兴趣的东西；
2．便于将来从事自己喜爱的工作。
2
首先选择大学
1．学习环境对人的成长很重要；
2．名牌大学的毕业生在求职时常会受到青睐。
3
你的看法（内容由考生自己拟定）

注意：1. 词数：100左右。开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；
2. 内容可适当发挥，注意行文连贯。
Every student will be faced with the question after he passes the college entrance examinations: Should we choose a good major or a good university first?

One possible version:
Every student will be faced with the question when he passes the college entrance examinations: Should we choose a good major or a good university first?
Some students prefer to consider majors first so that they can learn what they are interested in. It will also make it possible for them to take their favorite jobs in the future.
However, those who think differently believe that the environment is important to one’s development and that graduates from leading universities are often more likely to find a good job.
In my opinion, the best choice is a good major at a good university. If we cannot obtain both, the first thing to consider is a good major, because no matter where we study, we can still achieve a lot in a certain field if we try our best.
4. 最近，学校组织高三学生开展了一场讨论。讨论的主题是：周末要不要上课呢？请根据下表提供的信息，写一篇100字左右的短文，客观的介绍一下讨论的情况，并且简单地表达自己的观点。开头已给出，不记入总词数。

30%
30%
40%
要上课
高考6月举行，要抓紧时间复习
不要上课
休息好，提高效率
其中一天学习，一天休息学习和休息兼顾
Recently, the students of Senior 3 in our school have had a discussion about whether we should have classes on weekends.

Recently, the students of Senior 3 in our school have had a discussion about whether we should have classes on weekends.
30% of them think they should have classes on weekends because the College Entrance Examination this year will be held in June, and students should make full use of free time to review what they have learnt.
Another30% are against the idea of having classes on weekends. They believe students should have a good rest on weekends so that they can study more effectively during the weekdays.
The other 40% of the students don’t agree with either of the ideas above. In their opinion, study and rest are both important for students. They suggest one day of the weekend should be used to study and during the other day they have a rest.
5．.当前不少文学作品被改编成电影。有人选择看电影，有人则喜欢读原著。请你以“Film or book, which do you prefer?”为题，按照下列要点写一篇英语短文：
1、 看电影：省时、有趣、易懂 2、 读原著：细节更多、语言优美
3、 我的看法及理由：文章题目和开头已给出（不计入词数）。
2、参考词汇： original work 或 book in the original （原著）
Film or book, which do you prefer?
Some of us think that it is better to see the film than to read the book in the original. The reason is that it takes less time to understand the whole story. Besides, the film is usually more interesting, and it is easier to follow.
Some others have just the opposite opinion. They think that they can get more detailed information from the original. Meanwhile, the language in the book is possibly more lively and beautiful.
Personally, I agree with the second view. Actually I have more reasons for it. I think I can stay at home, reading quietly in a situation of my own, and what's more, I am able to better understand the author's ideas. In a word, to read the original work is better than to see the film based on it.

B. 表示今昔对比类写作套语
1. 开头常用句型
(1) Great changes have taken place.
Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the last five year.
Quite a few changes have taken place in my school since you left China.
Over the past twenty years or so, great changes have taken place in our life.
(2) Things have begun to improve since…
自从……以来，事情有了好转/改善。
Things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load.
2. 对比常用句型:
(1)…used to…, but now…
过去常……，但是现在……
(2) …in the past, but now…
在过去……，但是现在……
(3) once…, but now…
曾经…….，但是现在……
(4) Things are different now.
情况已大不同了
(5) But now, everything has changed.
但是现在全变了
1．假设你是李明， 你的美国朋友杰克听说你校正在开展研究性学习，来信询问有关情况，请你写一封信，谈一谈开展研究性学习前后，你的学习情况的变化。
注意：1用书信格式。
2词数：100左右
3 生词：研究性学习exploring study ，上网surf the internet。

过去
现在
课堂
老师讲解知识点，学生听讲，记笔记。
老师提出问题，学生互相讨论或学生自己提出问题自己讨论解决。

完成大量的作业。
丰富多彩的课外活动，如读自己感兴趣的书籍， 去图书馆或上网查资料。

Dear Jack,
How nice to hear from you again.

Dear Jack,
How nice to hear from you again. You want to know what is going on in our school. In short, things have been improving since the school began to carry out exploring study. In the past, the teachers always kept on explaining the points in class. We students just listened and took notes. But now we often discuss and try to solve the problems raised by the teachers or ourselves.After class, we enjoyed different kinds of activities instead of doing endless homework. For example, we can read what we are interested in. We can go to the library or surf the Internet for various kinds of information.
In a word, we are now masters of study, and we are happy.
Best wishes.

Yours,
Li Ming
2．阅读下列图表，以“Changes in the Ways People Spent Their Holidays”为题，写一篇词数为120左右的短文。

注意：1 短文的首句已给出，不计入总数；2 可根据图表信息，适当发挥。
Changes in the Ways People Spent Their Holidays
The ways people spent their holidays have changed greatly recently.
In 2002,35% of people spent their holidays at home. The number dropped greatly to 10% in 2006. It seems that people have more time and more money to enjoy the outside world than before.
The graph shows that the number of people spending their holiday traveling abroad increased. Compared with 15% in 2002, the rate in 2006 rote to 25 % . Because people now have much more money than before, they can afford to travel abroad , and the rate may continue to rise in the near future.
From the graph we can also see that the number of people going to the seaside remained nearly the same, while the number of people who go camping rose from 10 % in 2002 to 30 % in 2006. The reason may be that people become tired of the city life and want to be close to nature.

C. 表示数据说明类写作套语
文章结构:
Part 1: General idea (conclusion/ tendency )
Part 2 Facts: (to support the idea)
Part 3 Reasons
Part 4 Solutions or personal opinion/suggestions (if needed)
开头常用套语:
The graph (chat , picture ,table )above shows that …
As is shown by the graph / in the chart, …
From the graph / chart above, we can see …
From the figures given in the table, it can be seen / noticed that…
数据说明常用套语:
The number of … nearly doubled
The number was 5 times as much as that of..
It rose from …
It decreased twice than that of 1906.
The total number was lowered by 10%.
Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10%.
The number of … amount to/add up to/sum up to/reach … (数量总计)
…increase (rise / fall / drop) from …to ）
Compared with … …make up about …
原因说明常用套语:
v There are several reasons that account for it.
v A number of factors account for ...
v The change in.... largely results from the fact that...
v Firstly/ First of all/ To begin with, .... Secondly, .... Besides/ In addition/ Furthermore/ Moreover,... Finally/ Last but not least/, ....
v This is because …. That is why ….
v The reason for …. is that….
结尾常用套语:
We can draw the conclusion that…
In my opinion/Personally, …
As far as I’m concerned, …
In short/ in brief/ in a word, …
It seems clear that …
It’s clear from the chart that…
We can know/learn that…
The results seem to suggest that…

1．最近，你校参加了某英文报纸正在开展的题为“中学生课堂注意力”的专栏讨论，并请你代表学校给该英文报纸投稿。下面的图表为你校的调查结果（图中数据为学生人数百分比）。请你根据所提供的信息做简要说明，并根据提示给出改善的建议。

改善注意力的建议：
教室
通风、明亮
课堂
积极参与课堂活动
课间
适量活动或适当休息
Our school has made a survey about how long middle school students can fix their attention in class during each period. The result shows that only 40% of the students can draw their attention to the class, while the rest of them can not concentrate on the lesson. 30% of the students think the problem is caused by all kinds of noises in the classroom; the other part of students consider the lack of sleep and tiredness as the major causes.
Therefore, we advise that the classroom be bright and the air inside stay fresh. As for students, they should try their best to be active in class in order not to be disturbed by others. During the breaks, they can take some exercises or have a little rest in the classroom.
2. 据调查，中国城市居民的电脑拥有率达30%。很多农村居民对电脑也越来越感兴趣，甚至有的家庭也买了电脑。请参考下表写一篇题为“Computers in China”的短文。词数为100词左右。
家庭买电脑的目的
中学生使用电脑的情况
类别 比率
因别 比率
孩子学习需要 70%
学习资料查询 30%
家长工作需要 20%
上网、聊天、游戏 60%
娱乐 30%
听音乐、看光盘 20%
Computers in China
According to a recent investigation, about 30% of the city families have computer,

One Possible Version
Computers in China
According to a recent investigation, about 30% of the city families have computers. Besides, many village people are more and more interested in computers and some of them even have bought computers. About 70% of the parents bought computers for their children to study, and some for their work. And even some people bought them for entertainment. The fact how the middle school students use the computers really surprises us. Only about 30% of them use computers to find out useful in formation. About 60% use computers to play games and 20% use computers to watch VCDs or listen to music. In my opinion, we should make better use of our best invention— computers.
3．假如你叫王平，根据图表提示，给你的加拿大网友Smith 写一封信，介绍你的寒假生活（共
20天），可根据自己的实际情况添加细节。
注意：1．词数：100左右； 2．开头已经给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Smith,
How are you? How time flies! Now the winter vacation was over and I have come back to school again.

Dear Smith,
How are you? How time flies! Now the winter vacation was over and I have come back to school again.
We had 20 days in all for the holiday, during which we had the most important Chinese Festival—the Spring Festival. It took me about a week to visit my relatives and attend family parties, as it is a traditional custom in China. Of course, I spent most of the time doing my lessons. As you know, I will take the National Examination in June and there’s a short time ahead. Every day I did some English reading materials, practiced writing compositions, worked out a number of science problems and so on. When I got tired, I would do something to relax myself, like playing basketball with my friends, listening to music, surfing the Internet, playing games, and everything that helped to recover my energy.
In a word, I had a full, busy and wonderful holiday. How about you? I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
Wang Ping
4. 日前，针对学生的零用钱（pocket money）的消费方向，你对你们市某中学的高中和初中的部分学生进行了问卷调查．得出数据如下表。现请你用英文给某报社编辑写一封信，反映这一情况，并呼吁中学生树立正确的消费观。

注意：1．书信中不必一一列举具体数字，只要抓住主要问题和数据说明问题即可。
2．字数：120~150字。开头已给出．不计人总词数。
Dear editor．
Recently a survey has been done to find out how middle school students spend their pocket money．
___________________________________________________________________________

Dear editor,
Recently a survey has been done to find out how middle school students spend their pocket money. In this survey, both junior students and senior students spend most their money on books, sacks and playing games, still some money goes to clothes, banks, sports, and so on. The survey shows that about 44％ of seniors prefer books to sacks （37%）and playing games （31%）.On the other hand, only 32％ of juniors will spend their pocket money buying books, while over a half buy sacks and 44％ spend on playing games. Both seniors and juniors would not waste too much money in clothes or put it in banks.
I think too much sacks will not only makes us put on weight but also does herm to our health. In addition. if we play games without limit, we'll lose much precious time, which results in low grades. Furthermore, the money is hard-earned. I hope we students value our money as well as our