2022年职称英语考试答案综合类A级.docx

职称英语考试答案综合类A级(试卷代码12)
第1某些:词汇选项(第1——15题,每题1分,共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线,请为每处划线某些拟定1个意义最为接近选项。
1.We are worried about this fluid situationfull with uncertainty.
　　A. stable      B. suitable
C.adaptable D.changeable 
2.The way she looked after her youngsister was really touching
　　A. disturbing    B. moving
C.connecting D.waving
3.The details of the costume were totally authentic.
A. outstanding    　　 B. False C. creative    D. Real
4.They have built canals to irrigatethe desert.
　　A. decorate     B.water
C. visit    D.change  
5.The weather was so gorgeous thatmany people went outing.
　 A. pleasant　 B. uncontrollable 
C. cloudy          D. Unbearable
6. His answers were obscure and confusing.
　 A.obvious B.unclear
C. clear      D. Direct

7.Some newspapers in the west are notably biased.
　A.wholly B.especially 
　C. totally      D. Fairly
8.The latest car model embodies thenew research development.
　　A. lists          B. includes
　　C. borrows       D.broadens
9.Hewore a shabby thin overcoat in the cold winter so that he fell ill.
　　 A. new      B.big
　　 C.old     D.small
10. Only people over 18 are eligible to vote.
　　A. honest      B.qualified
　　C. enabled        D.clever
11.The new garment fits herperfectly.
　 A.necklace  B.haircut
C. purse   　D.clothes
12.The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extreme
　　A. severe B.hard
　 C. dry　 D.warm 
13.The umbrella was ingeniously devisedto fold up into the pocket.
　　A. cleverly     B.seriously 
　　C. attentively   D. carefully
14.Sheis an artist whose work will undoubtedly withstand the test of time.
　　A. grade   B.attract
　C. Suffer D. bear 
15.Competitors must abide by thejudge's decision
　　A. keep          B. read
　　C. Obey D. understand
第2某些:阅读判断(第16——22题,每题1分,共7分)
下面短文后列出了7个句子,请依照短文内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供是对的信息,请选取A;如果该句提供是错误信息,请选取B;如果该句信息文中没有提及,请选取C。
Income tax
　　For many young Americans, graduating from college means finding a job, moving out of the dorm room and beginning to register one's annual earnings with the US government.
　　That last item is the law, though sometimes it's a hassle(难事)to obey.
　　Independent tax advisor Bob Gilbert calls the US income tax system "amazingly complicated". But he adds that "very little of the complicated tax law applies to young people who are just beginning their careers". According to Gilbert, 80 to 90 percent of Americans are not really burdened by the system's complications.
　　Still, all the numbers and forms can be a little confusing to those who are just starting their careers. Some pull out their calculators and try to do the math alone. Some use income tax software. Others just hand the whole responsibility over to tax firms like Gilbert's. According to income tax law expert Linda Beale, young people will often follow their parents' lead when filling their income forms.
　　"Young people who grow up in wealthy households typically use professional tax services because their parents have always done so," said Beale, a professor at Wayne State University in Michigan State.
　　"On the other hand, most poorer young people probably try to do their own taxes, unless they want a quick 'refund' with the help of a tax advisor".
　　In fact, obeying the law has its benefits. For one, many young people can expect a tax refund. This means that, over the course of the year, they have paid too much in monthly federal or state taxes and are entitled to the difference.
　　Bob Thalman, a 20-year-old university student, expects he will get a refund of about 100, which will probably go in the bank, or perhaps be used to pay for car insurance or credit card bills.
　　Thalman called the whole process a "hassle", but added that he didn't wat to test the law by not filling his income tax papers.
　　"I'm worried about what would happen if I failed to file," he said. "I know one individual who did not report his income tax for many years, and he's now in federal prison. I certainly don’t want that."
　　16. A college student with a part-time job is not required to file an income tax form.
　　A. Right
　　B. Wrong
　　C. Not mentioned
　　【答案】B
　　17. The US income tax system does not wholly apply to a college graduate who is just beginning his or her career.
　　A. Right
　　B. Wrong
　　C. Not mentioned
　　【答案】A
　　18. It's pretty easy for a beginner to report his or her income tax.
　　A. Right
　　B. Wrong
　　C. Not mentioned
　　【答案】B
　　19. When young people file their income tax form, they will often follow in their parents' footsteps.
　　A. Right
　　B. Wrong
　　C. Not mentioned
　　【答案】A
　　20. Young people from poorer families needn't file their income tax forms.
　　A. Right
　　B. Wrong
　　C. Not mentioned
　　【答案】B
　　21. If one has failed to report his or her income tax for quite a few years, he or she may be put in prison.
　　A. Right
　　B. Wrong
　　C. Not mentioned
　　【答案】A
　　22. The US income tax system will be simplified in the next few years.
　　A. Right
　　B. Wrong
　　C. Not mentioned
　　【答案】C
第3某些:概括大意与完毕句子(第23——30题,每题1分,共8分)
　　下面短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第23——26题规定从所给6个选项中为第2——5 段每段选取1个最佳标题;(2)第27——30题规定从所给6个选项中为每个句子拟定1个最佳选项。
　　Tunguska Event
　　1 A hundred years ago this week, a gigantic explosion ripped (扯破) open the day y above a forest in western Siberia, leaving a scientific riddle that endures to this day.
　　2 A dazzling light pierced the heavens,followed by a shock wave as strong as 1,000 atomic bombs. The explosion flattened 80 million trees across an area of 2,000 square kilometers. The fireball was so great that, a day later, Londoners could read their newspapers under the night sky. What caused the so-called Tunguska Event, named after the nearby Podkamennaya Tunguska river, still remains a mystery.
　　3 Experts suspect it was a rock that, after traveling in space for millions of years, was destined to crash to Earth at exactly 7:17 a.m. on June 30, 1908. This possibility worries scientists.“Imagine an unspotted asteroid (小行星) hitting a significant chunk(块) of land ... and imagine if that area, unlike Tunguska, were populated,” the British science journal Nature commented recently.
　　4 But no fragments of the “rock” have ever been found. Finding such evidence would be important, for it would increase our knowledge about the risk posed by dangerous Near Earth Objects (NEOs), say Italian researchers Luca Gasperini, Enrico Bonatti and Giuseppe Longo. When the next Tunguska NEO approaches, scientists will have to decide whether to try to deflect (使偏转) it or blow it up in space.
　　5 However, several rival theories for the Tunguska Event exist. Wolfgang Kundt, a professor at Germany's Bonn University,believes the Tunguska Event was caused by a massive escape of 10 million tons of methane(甲烷)-rich gas from deep within earth's crust. Some people hold that the explosion was caused by an alien spaceship crash, or a black hole in the universe.
　　23. Paragraph 2   　F. Mysterious Explosion
　　24. Paragraph 3 B. Explanation that Worries Scientists
　　25. Paragraph 4  D. Importance of Finding Evidence
　　26. Paragraph 5  A. Competing Explanations　
　　27.The gigantic explosion that occurred a hundred years ago A. has remained a puzzle
　　28.The shock wave which followed the dazzling light　C. was generated by the explosion
　　29.The hypothesis that the explosion was caused by a rock colliding with the Earth E. lacks sufficient evidence
30.Wolfgang Kundt, who has developed an alternative theory 　F. is a university professor
第4某些:阅读理解(第31——45题,每题3分,共45分)
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。请依照短文内容,为每题拟定1个最佳选项。
第一篇。Black Holes Trigger Stars to Self-Destruct
　　Scientists have long understood that super massive black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close. The black hole's gravity pulls harder on the nearest part of the star, an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours, once it gets close enough.
　　Scientists say this uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star. The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within. Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire de Paris in Meudon, France, carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate star's life, as it veered towards a super massive black hole.
　　When the star gets close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape. Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart. But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur.
　　The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail, and found that even when their effects are included, the conditions favor a nuclear explosion. "There will be an explosion of the star — it will be completely destroyed," Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates the star, it saves some of the star's matter from being devoured by the black hole.The explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the star's matter out of the black hole's reach, he says.
　　The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart, its matter starts swirling into the hole itself. It heats up as it does so, releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.
　　If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode, then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage, says Jules Halpern of Columbia University in New York, US."It may make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough," he says.
Brassart agrees. "Perhaps it can be observed in the X-rays and gamma rays, but it's something that needs to be more studied," he says. Supernova researcher Chris Fryer of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, US , says the deaths of these stars are difficult to simulate, and he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their Case that they explode in the process.
31. what would take place if a star gets too close to a black hole?
A.The black hole could reduce its size considerably.
32. According to paragraph 3,reserachers differed in the likelihood of generating
D.star density
33.According to paragraph 4,the new simulations favored
C.a nuclear expolsion
34. What is supposed to happen several months after the explosion of the star?
B.The torn star’s matter will swirl into the black hole.
35. The word “disruption”in Paragraph 6means
A.tearing apart

第二篇Sports Star Yao Ming
　　If Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he is almost certainly the tallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Association (NBA) and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to compete in the Games.
　　But what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity (名气). Few, if any, Chinese athletes are as well-known as Yao around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess (杰出才干) but also for being a symbol of international commerce.
　　When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No. 1 pick in the NBA draft (选拔), he was the first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the court are clear enough — no NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he isa handful (难对付人)for opponents on either end of the court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is his role as a global citizen and as abridge to millions of potential basketball fans in China.
　　When it was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season and possibly the Olympics with a stress fracture (骨折)in his left foot, a collective shudder (震动) spread across China. After considerable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, to offer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success,and though the estimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to prepare with Team China, Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics.
　　Yao wrapped up a 10-day trip to China,where he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process. Western experts are generally skeptical of TCM's benefits, although new research from the university of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may speed stimulate bone repair.
　　“There is no reason to dismiss TCM,"Yao told a press conference in Beijing. “It’s been used in our country for thousands of years. I don't think that it’s short on science.”
　　36.   The word "towering" in Paragraph 1 means
　　A.     Iarge.
　　B.     fat.
　　C.     tall.
　　D.    great.
　　37.   Opponents find it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of his
　　A.     mobility.
　　B.     assault
　　C.     defense.
　　D.     celebrity.
　　38.   Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCM treatments because
　　A.     his right foot had been hurting.
　　B.     he wanted to make a more rapid recovery.
　　C.     the surgical operation had been a failure.
　　D.     he couldn't afford all the medical expenses.
　　39.   Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true?
　　A.     He missed the Athens Olympics.
　　B.     He is an NBA player.
　　C.     He fractured his left foot.
　　D.     He is an international figure.
　　40.   In general, the Western experts' attitude towards TCM is
　　A.     indifferent.
　　B.     positive.
　　C.     negative.
　　D.     doubtful.
第三篇。Don’t Count on Dung
　　Conservationists(自然保护主义者) maybe miscalculating the numbers of the threatened animals such as elephants, say African and American researchers. The error occurs because of a flaw in the way they estimate animal numbers from the piles of dung(粪) the creatures leave behind.
　　The mistake could lead researchers to think that there are twice as many elephants as there really are in some regions,according to Andrew Plumptre of the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) in New York.
　　Biologist Katy Payne of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, agrees. “We really need to know elephant numbers and the evidence that we have is quite indirect,” says Payne, who electronically tracks elephants.
　　Counting elephants from planes is impossible in the vast rainforests of Central Africa. So researchers often estimate elephant numbers by counting dung piles in a given area. They also need to know the rate at which dung decays: Because it’s extremely difficult to determine these rates, however, researchers counting elephants in on