2018届高考作文题型突破.doc

高考书面表达题型突破

建议信
建议信是向收信人就某事提出写信人的建议或忠告，建议信有可能是写给个人，也可能是写给某个组织或机构。建议信要写出写信的原因、建议的内容、提出建议的理由。建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确、具有合理性和说服力。此外，要注意礼貌，使读者易于接受。
1．写作步骤
建议信的正文部分一般可以从三个方面组织内容建议信的正文一般可采用“三段式”行文。
首段：表明写作意图，陈述事由(如果不认识对方，必要的情况下可以先简单介绍自己)。
主体段：针对具体情况提出具体建议或忠告(有时可以先肯定对方的优点)。
末段：希望对方采纳你的建议。
2．常用时态
多用一般现在时+将来时，用第一人称+第二人称，且多用will，should等情态动词和虚拟语气。如：you should, you will， if I were you…, I would

3．常用表达
首句常用语
1. I am glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to…
2. I am writing to express my views concerning…
3. You have asked for my advice about…, and I will try to make some suggestions.

表达建议常用语
1. As far as I am concerned …
2. I think it would be more beneficial if you could…
3. It should be a good idea to do …

结束常用语
1. I believe you will take my advice/ suggestions into consideration / account.
2. I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions practical/ useful / helpful
3. I will be more than happy to see improvements in this regard.

实战演练
下面是一个中学生给某报编辑部写的一封信，仔细阅读并就信的内容以编辑的名义给这个中学生回一封信。
Dear Editor，
I am an active girl, and I speak and laugh loudly in the classroom, like a boy. I don't care about small matters. On the contrary, my neighbour, the girl who sits next to me, speaks quietly and dare not do the things I often do. I can understand this.
What I can't stand is that she often gets angry with me about small things. How can I get along with her?
Yours sincerely，
Sunny
要求：
1．回信需就原信内容给出至少三条建议，如谈心(a heart-to-heart talk)、相互理解、邀请其参加生日聚会等活动、谈论共同话题、分享快乐与忧伤(share happiness and sadness)等；
2．词数：100左右。
One possible version:
Dear Sunny，
It's very good that you want to be friends with this girl. In my opinion, you'd better first have a heart-to-heart talk with her, because understanding each other is very important for you two. And I also think it's better for you to ask her to join you and your classmates in all kinds of activities, such as birthday parties, going out for a walk, discussing some fashionable topics, and so on. Besides, helping each other is also very important for both of you. Just share happiness and sadness with her. And I believe she will understand you in time and it is certain you two will be good friends in the future.
Good luck to you!
Yours，
Editor

One possible version:
Dear Sunny，
It's very good that you want to be friends with this girl. In my opinion, you'd better first have a heart-to-heart talk with her, because understanding each other is very important for you two. And I also think it's better for you to ask her to join you and your classmates in all kinds of activities, such as birthday parties, going out for a walk, discussing some fashionable topics, and so on. Besides, helping each other is also very important for both of you. Just share happiness and sadness with her. And I believe she will understand you in time and it is certain you two will be good friends in the future.
Good luck to you!
Yours，
Editor

申请信/ 求职信
1．基本格式

申请信属于书信类。我们要加入某组织、求学、求职、获得奖学金等，往往通过申请信来请求。申请信/求职信的正文部分一般可以从三个方面组织内容：
第一段：由信息来源导入(有时不需要)，说明写信目的。
第二段：说明自己具备的条件(根据具体要求写明自己的基本情况，如：性别、年龄、身高、学历、经历、特长、业余爱好等)。
第三段：恳请对方考虑自己的申请，期望给予答复。
2．常用表达
说明信息来源和写信目的
1. I have just read in the newspaper that your company needs a…+职位. I hope to get the job.
2. I have learned from your advertisement that a…+职位is wanted in your company.
3. I'm writing to apply for the job/post/position.
4. I'm interested in the job/post/position and hope I can work for you.

介绍个人优势
1. My name is Tom aged 16/who is a 16yearold boy.
2. As far as my personality is concerned, I am an enthusiastic and dedicated person who would never yield to difficulties easily.
3. I work hard and I can get along/on well with others.

表示感谢及请求答复
1.If I am hired, I will spare no efforts to…
2.I will appreciate it if I'm accepted.
3.I would appreciate your time in reviewing my resume and if there is any additional information you require, please contact me.
4. I am looking forward to your early reply.

实战演练
假定你是李华，中国青年志愿者网(China Youth Volunteers/CYV)计划在6月30日前向全国各大院校及社会各界招募1000名志愿者，进行急救知识普及活动。你想申请成为其中一员。请用英语写一封自我推荐信。
要点如下：个人情况：年龄：17; 性别：男； 出身医学世家。
个人优势：掌握基本急救知识，有救援经验，身体素质好。
目的：帮助有需要的人； 回报社会。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。

One possible version:
Dear Sir/Madam，
My name is Li Hua, a boy at the age of 17. I feel honored to write to you and promote myself as a volunteer of CYV to get across the common sense of first aid.
Firstly, I have a good knowledge of first aid because my parents are both doctors. What's more, it is the abundant experience in saving lives and attending to the wounded that guarantees me to be of help, when it comes to tough situations. Last but not least, I am in good condition due to the constant exercise and body building.
On the whole, I am qualified to be a volunteer. I hope to help out people in need and reward our society as soon as possible. Looking forward to your earliest reply.
Yours truly，
Li Hua

One possible version:
Dear Sir/Madam，
My name is Li Hua, a boy at the age of 17. I feel honored to write to you and promote myself as a volunteer of CYV to get across the common sense of first aid.
Firstly, I have a good knowledge of first aid because my parents are both doctors. What's more, it is the abundant experience in saving lives and attending to the wounded that guarantees me to be of help, when it comes to tough situations. Last but not least, I am in good condition due to the constant exercise and body building.
On the whole, I am qualified to be a volunteer. I hope to help out people in need and reward our society as soon as possible. Looking forward to your earliest reply.
Yours truly，
Li Hua

道歉信
1．基本格式
道歉信通常包括三部分内容：
①表示歉意，道歉的原因；
②出现差错的原因，提出弥补措施；
③请求原谅。语言要诚挚，解释的理由要真实。好的道歉信不仅会取得对方的谅解，还会增进彼此的感情。

2．基本要点
道歉信写作“三步曲”：表示歉意→说明具体原因、提出补救办法→再次致歉，希望得到理解。
3．写作要求
写道歉信时，理由要尽量合理，违反生活常识将导致扣分；尽量提供一个合适的补救办法，使行文更加顺畅。
4．常用时态
一般使用将来时态或现在时态。
5．常用表达
①I am writing to apologize for…/I am writing to say sorry for…
②I am indeed very sorry for what I said/did, but believe I had no intention to…
③Please forgive me for a stupid choice of words.
④I feel awfully sorry about it and want you to know what happened.
⑤Please accept my sincere apologies for my oversight.
⑥I would like to give you my apology for…
⑦I sincerely hope you can understand my situation/think in my position and accept my apologies.
⑧Once again, I'm deeply sorry for any inconvenience caused.

实战演练
假如你是小明，本来约好周六晚去帮你的朋友Brandy 学中文，但是那晚你母亲突然生病须送医院，而你须陪在那儿，所以你没能去帮他。请写封信给Brandy 向他解释并道歉。

Dear Brandy，
I am writing to make an apology for not keeping my promise last Saturday.
Last Saturday I promised to help you with your Chinese, but I didn't turn up. My mother suddenly fell ill and I had to send her to hospital. After a careful examination, the doctor said she suffered from a heart attack. I had to stay with her, so I failed to help you.
　 I am terribly sorry for that. Please accept my sincere apology. I hope you can forgive me. And I will help you as much as I can in the future.
Yours sincerely，
Xiao Ming

投诉信
1．基本格式
投诉信要符合英文书信的基本格式：要有称呼、结束语和签名。
2．基本要点
首先表明写作意图；然后反映问题，提出解决问题的建议，表明希望如何处理； 最后表达希望问题得到迅速恰当解决的强烈愿望，希望尽快得到满意的答复。

3．写作要求
写投诉信时语气要冷静、郑重、克制，不必过于礼貌。但也要就事论事，不能进行人身攻击。同时，在描述问题时尽量采用被动句式，使描述更加客观合理。
4．常用时态
一般会使用一般过去时、将来时态或现在时态。
5．常用表达
开头常用句式：
①I am writing to complain about the recent purchase of sth. from＋地方
②I am writing to show my complaint…
③I am writing to make a complaint…
④I am writing to express my dissatisfaction/ disappointment…
⑤I am writing this letter to tell you how disappointed I have been with…
描述问题常用句式：
①I purchased/ bought…But…
②…didn't/can't work/ function properly.
③It is impossible to do…
④There is something wrong with the…
⑤There are some problems with the…
提出解决的要求/建议/想法及结尾常用句式：
①I would like to have this matter settled by/ within ＋时间
②I would be grateful if you could send a replacement and refund my postage.

6．参考模板
Dear __________，
I am _____________ (自我介绍) .I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about ___________. The reason for my dissatisfaction is _____________ (总体介绍). In the first place, _____________ (抱怨的第一个方面). In addition, ____________ (抱怨的第二个方面). Under these circumstances, I find it ___________ (感觉) ____________ (抱怨的方给你带来的后果). I appreciate it very much if you could _________ (提出建议和要求), preferably __________ (进一步的要求)，and I would like to have this matter settled by ____________ (设定解决事情最后期限).
Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely
假设你是李华，你购买了一部某外国公司生产的手机，因质量有问题，要求该公司更换。请根据以下要点，用英文写一封电子邮件。
要点：
1．问题：手机不响铃，不能发短信；
该产品已售完，无法更换；
型号新，无配件，无法维修；
2．要求：公司应尽快予以更换。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．参考词汇：配件 spare part

Dear Sir，
I am writing to you for the mobile phone which I bought on 20th April 2015 at Tele Mail in Wuhan, P. R. China.
Ten days after that, it didn't ring and send out messages. Then I took it to the seller, but was told that the products of this model had been sold out and I had to wait at least three months for a new one. Later I went to the repairman. He said since it was a new model in China, it was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts. I was so desperate on hearing that. How can I wait that long? Therefore, I require that you send me a new one of the same model within a month.
Thank you for your consideration.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua

假设你是李华，于2017年3月3日搭乘国外某航班(flight number BA793)回国，旅途的糟糕经历令你很不愉快。现请你用英文给该航空公司写一封投诉信。信件包括要点如下：
1．陈述写信原因；
2．投诉内容：
1)航班耽误了7个小时；
2)登机后的不愉快经历；
3)托运的行李箱被损坏；
4)提出你的要求。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
参考词汇：托运的行李check in luggage

Dear Sir or Madam，
My name is Li Hua. I am writing this letter to tell you my terrible flight experience on BA793 on March 3rd, 2017.
The first trouble started when the flight was listed as “delayed”. We were stuck at the airport and no one came to offer us any explanation. Seven hours later, when all the passengers finally got on board the plane, we were told we had to keep on waiting for another hour due to the bad weather! If we had been informed earlier, we would have chosen to stay in the waiting room. What was worse, upon my arrival, I found my checkin luggage/ suitcase which was newly bought out of shape, and its handle was broken!
I am looking forward to an explanation about this unpleasant experience and I strongly suggest your company do something to provide quality service to the passengers.
Yours，
Li Hua

调查报告
1．写作步骤
(1)概述(调查的主题/时间/对象)；
(2)详细描述调查的结果，一般是描述表格中数据所反映的情况，数据间的主要差异或趋势，并对其调查(原因)进行分析与陈述；
(3)发表个人的观点或对解决该问题提出建议。
2．写作方法
高考考查这类写作题一般以文字、表格或图表的形式提供信息。首先必须认真审题，切勿遗漏要点。可按以下方法来写：
(1)按图表提供的信息的先后顺序逐点写或按图表提供的信息进行对比来写；
(2)学会使用过渡词句以使文章紧凑连贯；
(3)常用现在时态，如一般现在时，现在完成时等。
3．常用表达

(1)交代调查的时间、对象和主题。　　
①I have recently made a survey among 30 boys and 30 girls in my class about their purposes of surfing the Internet.
②Last week，we did/conducted/carried out a survey among all the students in our school on the time they spent in sleeping every day.

(2)描述调查结果。
①From the above table, we can conclude (that) over 20% of the teenagers are addicted to smoking.
②As is shown in the above table, Senior Three students spend the least time in sleeping.
③As can be seen from the table above, more than 70% of the students have formed a very good habit of studying.

(3)描述数据所反映的问题。
在描述调查结果所反映出来的问题时，我们可以用非限制性定语从句或分词短语来表达。如：
①30% of the students questioned say they think it better not to have physical exercise, which shows/mirrors/reflects/reveals that these students lack the awareness of keeping healthy.
②Only seven percent of the students are interested in looking up new words in the dictionary, showing/mirroring/reflecting that owing to their laziness, these students would rather be given everything by their teachers.

(4)阐述个人观点或建议。
①As far as I am concerned，effective measures should be instantly taken to help students to spend more time on sleep.
②From my own perspective，we should take action to help students to make good use of their study time.

4．魔力模版
Recently，a survey has been done to find out ________ (the topic). ________ (students/people) were interviewed to answer the question ________.
As is shown in the table (graph/picture/chart)，，it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ________. On the one hand，________. On the other hand，________ is due to the fact that ________.In addition，________ is responsible for ________. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned，

实战演练
受某英文报的委托，你最近对高中生的英语阅读兴趣做了一次调查，请根据以下信息，用英语为该报写一篇短文。
调查内容：在新闻、故事、科普、学习方法四种英文文章中，学生最喜欢哪一种
调查范围：湖南省的10所中学
调查人数：1000
调查方式：访谈
调查结果：
选择各类英文文章人数的百分比

注意：
1．必须包括所有要点；
2．文章的题目和开头已给出；
3．词数：100左右。
参考词汇：访谈 interview

Reading Interests of Senior Middle School Students
Recently a survey has been done to find out the reading interests of senior middle school students.
In this survey, one thousand senior middle school students from ten schools in Hunan Province were interviewed. They were asked which they liked reading most among the four categories of English articles: news, stories, popular science articles and articles about learning methods.
The survey shows that more than half of the students like to read news most, and twenty six percent of the students are more interested in reading stories. However, the number of the students who enjoy reading popular science articles doubles that of those who prefer reading articles about learning methods.

Reading Interests of Senior Middle School Students
Recently a survey has been done to find out the reading interests of senior middle school students.
In this survey, one thousand senior middle school students from ten schools in Hunan Provin