高考英语单项选择解题技巧.doc

高考英语专项（二）
高考英语单项选择解题技巧
一．命题原则
突出语境，强化语意，强调运用
二．单项选择题命题特点
覆盖面广，重点突出
淡化语法结构，重视能力
突出在语境中运用知识的考查
三．英语单项选择解题技巧
（一）找准关键词语
1.It is______ any wonder that his friend doesn't like watching television much.(广东)
 A. no  B. such    C. nearly    D. hardly
此题的关键词是any, 因为any常用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中,而此句不是疑问句，也不是条件句,所以应该是否定句。no本身就相当于not any，于是排除A。.因此，正确答案D(hardly=almost not)。
（二）分析句子结构
2.This is the main use that the scientists make______ natural resources.
A. in    B. up of         C. from           D. of
有些试题的考本来十分简单,但命题者却通过使用定语从句,或者将我们十分熟悉的固定词组有意拆开,重新组合,使我们在结构上产生错觉。that the scientists make…是定语从句,关系代词that是代表先行词use的,将其置入定语从句中,就得到that the scientists make use..显然是考查make use of 这一词组。正确答案是D。
（三）适当转换句式
3.---Mr. Wang ,whom would you rather ______ the important  meeting?
---Tom.
A. have attend     B. have attended
 C. having attend  D. have to attend
有时将题干的句式转换成自己更熟悉的句式，就很容易选出正确答案。如：将疑问句、强调句、感叹句或倒装句改为陈述句，将被动句改为主动句，将无序句调整为正常句。此题若将疑问句改为陈述句，就是I have Tom attend the important meeting。其中would rather 后必须跟动词原形，have sb do sth.所以选A。
（四）补全省略成分
4.---What do you think made Mary so upset?
 --- ______her new bike.(上海)
A. Lost   B. As she lost  C. Losing   D. Because of losing
口语中会使用一些省略句，作题是若将被省略的成分补充完整，答案就会一目了然。此题将答句补全，就是Losing her new bike made Mary so upset。显然，只能选C，用动名词作主语。
（五）删除干扰部分
5.We agree to accept______ they thought was the best tourist guide.
A. whichever   B. whoever    C. whatever   D. whomever
就是将起干扰作用的定语从句、介词短语或插入语，如I think/ suppose/believe，do you think/ suppose/believe， you know，of course等删除，从而更容易地选出正确答案。此题去掉插入语they thought ，可知宾语从句缺主语，又能与the best tourist guide 搭配的，只有答案B。
（六）利用对称结构
6.---English has a large vocabulary, hasn't it?
---Yes. ______ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.(上海)
A. Know   B. Knowing  C. To know    D. Known
就是在作题的过程中要善于利用and, but等并列连词。若前面是个句子，后面也是个句子，反之亦然；若连接的是几个动词，这几个动词也必定是同一时态或同一形式。此题第二个and后面是个句子，所以前面也必定是一个句子，但是前面这个句子没有主语，只能选用动词原形，构成一个祈使句，因此答案是A。
又如：On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, ______some bananas and visited her cousin.
 A. bought   B. buying    C. to buy   D. buy
（七）注意标点符号
7.There are eight tips in Dr. Roger’s lecture on sleep, and one of them is:______ to bed early unless you think it is necessary.(重庆)
A. doesn’t go  B. not to go   C. not going   D. don’t go
标点有时对我们作题有提示的作用。此题很容易选B,认为是不定式做表语。其实冒号已经表明后面是Dr.Roger讲的原话，这原话应当是个句子，只有选D才构成一个否定的祈使句。
（八）熟记固定搭配
8.Mr. Smith used to smoke ______ but he has given it up.(天津)
 A. seriously  B. heavily    C. badly    D. hardly
在平时的学习中注意积累一些常见的固定句式、动词与副词的搭配、名词和形容词的搭配等。因为指烟瘾或酒瘾很重，要用heavy或heavily ，因此答案是B。此外，雨雪下得“大”、烟雾“浓”、交通“拥挤”、波涛“汹涌”等，也用heavy。
（九） 消除思维定势
9.Everyone here will thank the firefighter for the things they have done to prevent fires______ the environment safer.
 A. make   B. to making   C. to make    D. from making
有些试题的题干，看上去好象就是固定搭配，我们高兴地完成以后，结果却做错了。要从句子结构上或者句子意思上分析，以免步入命题者设计的陷阱。此题容易误选D，以为是考查prevent sb. /sth. from doing 这一固定搭配的。其实，“使环境更安全”是“他们为防火所做的工作”的目的，所以用动词不定式，选C。
（十） 检查有无谓语
10.He wrote five novels, two of ______translated into English.
 A. it    B. them    C. which    D. that
有时看似有两个句子，于是就选连词，正好掉进命题人设计的陷阱。事实上，有时貌似句子的“句子”却没有谓语，其中的动词只是一个非谓语动词（多为 分词）。此题很容易误选C，以为后面是非限制性定语从句。事实上， translated是过去分词，而不是谓语动词，后面不是句子，无须连词，所以答案是B。若在translated前加上were，were translated就是谓语，这时就 选连词which。
（十一） 查看有无连词
11.If an excellent Chinese novel is translated into English, ______means many more people in the world can enjoy it.
A. as     B. which     C. what     D. that
若经查实，前后的确是两个句子，就要看其中一个分句是否已经用了连词。若已经用了连词，一般不选连词，若没有用连词，就一定要选连词。此题已有连词If，选D，若没有If，就选B， which引导一个非限制性定语从句。
（十二）识别相似句型
12. ______is known to everybody, light travels much faster than sound.
A. It   B. As    C. That    D. What
13.______is known to everybody that light travels much faster than sound.
A. It   B. As    C. That    D. What
14. _____ is known to everybody is that light travels much faster than sound.
A. It   B. As    C. That    D. What
有的句型十分相似，若不仔细分辨，很容易出错。12题选B，as引导一个非限定性定语从句，先行词是后面整个句子。13题选A，it是形式主语， that引导主语从句；若又在that前加个is，则应选D， what引导的是主语从句， that引导的是表语从句。
（十四）正确把握语境
15. I agree with  most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______.
A. everything     B. anything    C. something    D. nothing
有时孤立地看留空格的那个句子，好象多个答案都可以，但与上下句的意思联系起来，就会发现问题。因此，做题时一定要把握语境。此题答案选A。B答案的意思是I don’t agree with anything 等于I agree with nothing.这就与前一分句的意思发生矛盾了。
四．方法归纳
排除法：排除句子中某些附加成分， 使其简单直接。
推断法：根据上下文依据，判断空格所依据的信息。
补全法：补全省略部分，连接思维序列中的断点。
还原法：通过转换句型还原句子本来面目，以便理解句意。
分析法：分析句子结构或语言习惯，使句子“合法”。
小试牛刀：
1.Which do you enjoy ______ your spare time playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park?
A. spending   B. to spend   C. spent   D. spend
2.We must prevent the air pollution ______.
A. living better  B. live better  C. to live better D. live well
3.The day he was looking forward to ______ at last.
A. came   B. come   C. coming   D. have come
4.Don’t take the medicine, it can’t help______ rid of your cold.
A. getting   B. to get   C. to getting   D. gets
5.She told us______ she had done.
A. all what  B. all which   C. all those   D. all of it
6.I don’t think Jack saw me, he______ into space.
 A. just stared       B. was just staring  
C. has just stared  D. had just stared
7.-Susan,go and join your sister cleaning the yard.
-Why______ ? John is sitting there doing nothing.
A. him   B. he    C.I    D. me
8.Shirley______a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.
A. has written  B. wrote  C. had written   D. was writing
9.My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so. I’m afraid I ___half of it.
A. was missing  B. had missed  C. will miss  D. missed
10.I must be getting fat---I can______ do my trousers up.
 A. fairly   B. hardly    C. nearly   D. seldom
11.It was not a serious illness, and she soon ______it.
 A. got over    B. got on with    C. got round  D. got out of
12.The number of people present at the corner was ______ than expected. There were many tickets left.
A. much smaller   B. much more C. much larger D. many more
13.---You were out when I dropped in at your house.
---Oh, I ______ for a friend from English at the airport.
A. was waiting  B. had waited  C. am waiting  D. have waited
14. Charles Baggage is generally considered___ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing  C. to have invented  D. having invented
15. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.
A. sit    B. sit on  C. be seat   D. be sat on
16. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it  D. do not to
17. She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___on a big rock by the side of the path.
 A. to have rested B. resting  C. to rest D. rest
18. ---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
---Well, now I regret ___ that.
A. to do  B. to be doing  C. to have done  D. having done
19. They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.
 A. grow  B. grew  C. was growing  D. to grow
20. The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.
 A. playing  B. to be playing C. play D. to play

另附练习见英语周报第37期单项填空专练