高三英语第一轮复习：非谓语动词冀教版.doc

高三英语第一轮复习：非谓语动词冀教版

【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
非谓语动词

［教学过程］
非谓语动词（不能作谓语用）包括不定式、分词及动名词。
一、动词不定式
1. 常用形式：一般主动式to do, 一般被动式to be done
完成主动式to have done, 完成被动式to have been done
进行式to be doing
2. 语法功能：可作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语（即除谓语之外的各种成分）。例如：
（1）主语：To master a foreign language is very important.
（2）表语：My job is to drive them to the company every day.
（3）宾语：Do you want to visit the Great Wall?
Can you give us some advice on what to do next?
（4）宾补：The teacher advised us to have a rest first.
I didn’t notice them come in.
注：see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to, 但变为被动语态以后（即不定式作主补时）要带to, 其中let sb. do sth. 变为被动式为sb. is let do sth.
help（帮助）后作宾补的动词不定式可带to，也可不带to. 即help sb.(to)do sth.
（5）定语：不定式位于所修饰的名词，代词之后，如： He is the man to depend on/to believe in.
（6）状语：in order to
A. 目的状语：She reads China Daily every day so as to improve her English.
注：in order to 可以位于句首或句中，so as to 不能位于句首。
I’m glad to see you.
B. 原因状语： 注：这种“be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，其不定式有时也可视为宾语，如：He is eager to go to college./ She is sure to come here.
C. 结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们一直活到见到家乡解放。
△在“too…to…”结构中表“太……结果不能”，如：He is too weak to do the work.
注：too之前如果有only, only too 表“非常”、“很”意，此时不定式不再表否定意，而表肯定意。如：They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit. 他们很幸运去国外访问。
另外，too后如果是happy, glad之类形容词时，不定式也表肯定意，
如：She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street.
△在“形容词/副词＋enough＋不定式”结构中表“足以能……”，如：He is strong enough to do the work.
3. 复合结构不定式（for sb. to do sth.），可作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。for 本身无意义，sb.可称之为不定式的逻辑主语。例如：I think it necessary for him to go there at once.（复合结构不定式作宾语）
注：当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，不用for, 而用of, 如：It is kind of you to help me.（相当于You are kind to help me.）这类形容词有good, nice, kind, wise, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, careless, impolite（不礼貌）等。right, wrong既可用于for sb. to do sth. It’s right/wrong for him to do the work. 也可用于of sb. to do sth.
4. 疑问词＋不定式：可作主语、表语或宾语。如：How to finish the work in time is a problem.（主语）We don’ t know when and where to go.（宾语）
5. 动词不定式的否定式（not to do sth.），语法功能同不定式肯定式。
6. 不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：
（1）一般式：表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动作之后，或没有时间限制。例如：
They often watch us play table tennis.（与谓语动作同时）
She hopes to go there again.（在谓语动作之后）
It is necessary and important to read English every day.（无时间限制）
The factory to make radios is over there.（无时间限制）
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
（2）完成式：表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如：I /She seems to have been a teacher for many years.
（3）进行式：表示正在发生的动作且与谓语动作同时发生。例如：
She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I come in.
7. 不定式的被动式：名词、代词为不定式的逻辑宾语时，一般用不定式的被动式，
例如：What is to be done is unknown. /The bridge to be built there is very long.

二. 分词
1. 分词形式：有现在分词和过去分词两种。过去分词只有一种形式，现在分词则有：
一般主动式doing, 一般被动式being done, 完成主动式having done, 完成被动式having been done
2. 语法功能：在句中作定语、表语、宾补、状语。
3. 现在分词和过去分词的区别：
（1）语态不同：现在分词表示主动概念，及物动词的过去分词表示被动概念。例如：the moving film 动人的电影，the moved girl 受感动的姑娘，a running machine 一台运行的机器，a stolen car 一辆被盗的汽车
注：关于心理状态动词的－ing形式表主动意，－ed形式表被动意，详见该讲后的专题。
（2）时间关系上不同：现在分词表正在进行的动作，过去分词往往表已经完成的动作。
例如：a developing country 发展中的国家，a developed country发达的国家
4. 现在分词的基本用法：
（1）一般主动式用法：
A. 作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old.(＝The child who is sleeping is…)/The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well.(＝The girl who is writing a letter can…)
The factory making TV sets is very large.(＝The factory which makes TV sets is very large.)
B. 作表语：The story sounds very interesting./The news is very exciting.
C. 作宾补：用于see, watch, hear, feel, find, have, keep等动词之后。
例如：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. /I saw Tom coming out of the house. Don’t keep the students doing homework all day.
注：上述动词后跟不定式作宾补表示动作的过程，而不是正在进行中的动作，而现在分词作宾补则表示正在进行中的动作。例如：I heard them singing in the room when I passed it.(singing不可改为sing) Do you often hear them sing in the room ?(sing不可改为singing)
have sb. do sth. 与have sb. doing sth. 的区别：前者have＝let, 后者have 有时表“keep”意，有时表“employ（雇用）”意。如：
I’ll have him go with me.我将让他和我一块去。
I’ll have him working in my company.我将雇用他在我的公司里工作。
Don’t have the machine working all day.不要让机器整天工作。
D. 作状语：
①时间状语：Reading the letter, I couldn’t help thinking of my school life.
②原因状语：Being ill, I didn’t go to school yesterday.
③方式或伴随状语：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.
（2）完成主动式用法：
这种分词所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用，不能作定语用。例如：
Having finished her homework, she went to bed. /Not having received his letter, she wrote to him again.
（3）一般被动式用法：
表示正在发生的被动动作，在句中作定语或状语。
例如：The car being repaired is mine.(＝The car which is being repaired is mine.)
（4）完成被动式用法：
表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动动作，在句中多作状语，不能作定语。
例如：Having been praised a second time, I decided to make still greater progress.

【模拟试题】
1. ______ more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. To give B. Having given C. Given D. Giving
2. The first textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. to be written B. written C. being written D. having written
3. The missing boys were last seen ______ near the river.
A. to play B. play C. to be playing D. playing
4. ______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. To lose B. Lost C. Having lost D. Losing
5. When passing me he pretended ______ me.
A. to see B. not having seen
C. to have not seen D. not to have seen
6. The children insisted ______ there on foot.
A. they going B. they would go C. on their going D. going
7. He still remembers ______ to Shanghai when he was very young.
A. taking B. being taken C. taken D. having taken
8. ______ the railway station, we had a break, only ______ the train had left.
A. Arriving at; to find B. Coming to; discovering that
C. On arriving at; finding out D. Hurrying to; to have found out
9. With the boy ______ the way, we had no trouble ______ the way ______ to Zhongshan Park.
A. leading; finding; leading B. to lead; found; to lead
C. led; finding; led D. leading; found; led
10. ______ these pictures, I couldn’t those days when I was in Being and ______ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more beautiful.
A. Seeing; seen B. Seen; seeing
C. Seeing; seeing D. Seen; seen
11. I can hardly imagine Peter ______ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. (NMET)
A. to have sailed B. to sail C. sailing D. sail
12. If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air ______ against your face. (NMET)
A. moved B. moving C. moves D. to move
13. ______ is known to all, China will be an ______ and powerful country in 20 or 30 years
A. That; advancing B. This; advanced
C. As; advanced D. It; advancing
14. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help __________into buying something they don’t really need.
A. persuade B. persuading
C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
15. There was terrible noise ______ the sudden burst of light. (NMET)
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
16. Please excuse my ______ in without ______ .
A. come; permitted B. coming; permitted
C. comimg; being permitted D. to come; being permitted
17. ______ his head high, the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting ______ then.
A. Holding; being held B. Held; holding
C. Having held; held D. Held; to be held
18. ——Did you hear her ______ this pop song this time the other day?
——Yes, and I heard this song ______ in English.
A. sing; singing B. sung; sung C. sung; singing D. singing; sung
19. The question ______ now at the meeting is not the question ______ yesterday.
A. discussed; discussed B. discussing; had discussed
C. being discussed; discussed D. discussing; discussing
20. With the cooking ______ , I went on ______ some sewing.
A. done; to do B. being done; doing
C. to be done; doing D. to have done; doing
21. It is no use ______ your past mistakes.
A. regretting B. regret C. to regret D. regretted
22. Her husband died in 1980 and had nothing ______ to her, only ______ her five children.
A. left; to leave B. leaving; leaving
C. leaving; left D. left; leaving
23. I am very busy. I have a very difficult problem ______ .
A. to work B. to work out
C. to be worked out D. to work it out
24. I would appreciate ______ back this afternoon. (NMET)
A. you to call B. you call
C. your calling D. you
25. Climbing mountains was ______ , so we all felt ______ .
A. tiring; tired B. tired; tiring C. tiring; tiring D. tired; tired
26. I saw some villagers ______ on the bench at the end of the room.
A. seating B. seat C. seated D. seated themselves
27. She was glad to see her child well ______ care of.
A. take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking
28. It is one of the important problems ______ tomorrow.
A. to solve B. to be solved C. solved D. solving
29. ______ maps properly, you need a special pen.
A. Drawn B. Drawing C. To draw D. Be drawing
30. There is a river ______ around our school.
A. to run B. run C. running D. to be running
31. How about the two of us ______ a walk down the garden?
A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taken
32. I was fortunate to pick up a wallet ______ on the ground on the way back home, but unfortunately for me, I found my colour TV set. ______ when I got home.
A. lying; stolen B. laying; stealing
C. lay; stolen D. lying; stealing
33. With the kind-hearted boy-me with my work, I’m sure I’ll be able to spare time _____ with your work.
A. to help; help you out B. helping; helping you
C. helped; to help you out D. to help; to help you
34. Greatly moved by her words, ______.
A. tears came to his eyes B. he could hardly hold back his tears
C. tears could hardly be held back D. his eyes were filled with tears.
35. ——I hope they won’t touch the dog.
——I’ve warned them ______ .
A. not B. not to C. not touch D. not do
36. I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. (NMET)
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
37. When ______ why he walked in without permission, he just stared at us and said nothing.
A. been asked B. asked C. asking D. to be asked
38. The man kept silent in the room unless ______ .
A. spoken to B. spoke to C. spoken D. to speak
39. He was often listened ______ in the next room.
A. sing B. sung C. to sing D. to to sing
40. Rather than ______ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ______ a bicycle. (NMET)
A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding
41. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______ .
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
42. What troubles them is ______ enough experience
A. that they have to B. they have not
C. their not having D. not their having
43. ______ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.
A. Not knowing B. Knowing not
C. Not having known D. Having not know
44. Bamboo is used ______ houses in some places .
A. to build B. to building C. to be built D. being built
45. Go on ______ the other exercise after you have finished this one. (NMET)
A. to do B. doing C. with D. to be doing
46. The day we looked forward to ______ .
A. come B. coming C. has come D. have come
47. Whom would you rather ______ the work?
A. to have to do B. to have do C. have to do D. have do
48. Do you think it any good ______ with him again?
A. to talk B. talking C. to talking D. having talked
49. Sometimes new ideas have to be tested many times before ______.
A. accepting fully B. being fully accepted
C. fully accepting D. fully being accepted
50. The government forbids ______ such bad books.
A. published B. to publish C. publish D. publishing

【试题答案】
1~5 C B D B D 6~10 C B A A A
11~15 C B C C B 16~20 C A D C A
21~25 A D B C A 26~30 C C B C C
31~35 C A D B B 36~40 B B A D C
41~45 A C A A A 46~50 C D A B D