外研版高中英语必修四Module1.doc

单词
1．alternative n．(二者当中)选一个，供选择的东西
adj.(二者当中)选其一的，供选择的
归纳拓展
(1)have no alternative but to do...除……外别无选择
alternative ways可供选择的两种方法
alternative energy替代性能源
(2)alternatively adv.两者挑一地
(3)alternate v．交替；轮流
alternate...and/with使交替发生或出现；轮流安排
例句：Caught in the act，he had no alternative but to confess.
他被当场抓住，除了招供外别无选择。
I offered the alternative suggestions of spending the holiday in the mountains or by the sea.
我建议这次度假是到山上或是去海边。
We tried to alternate periods of work with sleep.
我们尽量让工作与睡眠交替进行。
【链接训练】
①When travelling，you are advised to take travellers checks，which provide a secure ________ to carrying your money in cash.
A．substitute　 B．selection　
C．preference　 D．alternative
【解析】　句意为：建议旅行时携带旅行支票，这比带现金安全。alternative意为“变通方法，选择余地”，后接to/of sth.。A项意为“代替者，代用品”，后接for；B项意为“挑选”，强调在众多的数目中挑选，后接of；C项意为“偏爱”，后接for。
【答案】　D
②You may as well go outing all by yourself；________I may keep you company.
A．differently B．alternatively
C．accordingly D．automatically
【解析】　考查副词辨析。句意为：你不妨自己去郊游；要么我可以陪你去。alternatively“二者择一地”。differently“不同地”；accordingly“相应地”；automatically“自动地”。
【答案】　B
2．limit n．(事物的)界限；限度；极限 vt.限定；限制
归纳拓展
(1)set a limit to＝put a limit on限制；对……加以限制
to the limit达到极点
within limits适度地，有限地
(2)limit sth.to限定；把……限制在……
limit sb.to (doing) sth.限制某人做某事
(3)limited adj.有限的，受限制的
be limited to局限于
例句：They attempt to set a limit on consumer waste.
他们试图设定消费者的浪费限度。
No fishing is allowed within a twentymile limit.
20英里以内不准垂钓。
I limit myself to three glasses of beer a day.
我限制自己一天喝三杯啤酒。
The teaching of history should not be limited to time and figure.历史教学不能只局限于时间和人物。
【链接训练】
①—Is there any ________ to the expense of the trip?
—I'm not clear about it.You'd better ask the manager.
A．level　 B．limit　 C．matter　 D．standard
【解析】　句意为：——旅行花费有限制吗？——我不太清楚。你最好问问经理。limit意为“限定，限制”，符合题意。level“水平”；matter“物质，事情”；standard“标准”。
【答案】　B
②There was not much time left，so the speaker was asked to ________ his speech to ten minutes.
A．make B．limit C．do D．give
【解析】　考查动词辨析。句意为：剩下的时间不多了，因此演讲者被要求把演讲限制到十分钟。limit“限制”，符合题意。
【答案】　B
3．charge vt.控告；指控；要价，收费；使充满　n．看管；费用；控告；掌管
归纳拓展

例句：The police charged him with careless driving.
警察指控他开车疏忽。
The hotel charged me ￡10 for a room for one night.那个旅馆一个房间一晚上收了我10英镑。
He was left in charge of the shop while the manager was away.经理不在时，他留下来负责这个商店。
The park is open to the public free of charge.
公园对公众免费开放。
同类辨析
charge与accuse
charge与accuse都含有“控告；谴责”的意思。
(1)charge指“因犯较大错误或重大罪行而进行正式法律控诉”。
(2)accuse指“当面指控或指责，不一定诉诸法庭”。
例句：They accused him of taking bribes.他们指控他受贿。
【链接训练】
She was complaining that the doctor was ________ too much for the treatment he was giving her.
A．expending B．offering
C．costing D．charging
【解析】　句意为：她一直报怨医生收费过高。charge“要价，收费”，符合题意。A项“花费(时间、精力、金钱等)”；B项“出价、开价(买)”；C项“使花费(主语为物)”。【答案】　D
4．attach vt.附上，系，贴；连接，参加；使附属，使隶属；把……归于　vi.附着，附属；相连，相伴；系，贴
归纳拓展
(1)attach sth.to sth.将某物系在、缚在或附在……上，将某事物与另一事物相联系；将某事物固定在另一事物上
attach oneself to sb./sth.依附某人/参加某事
(2)attached adj.(作表语)依恋的；附属于
be attached to sb./sth.留恋，爱慕某人/某事物；隶属于
(3)attachment n．附件，附属物
例句：I attached myself to a group of tourists entering the museum.我随着一队游客混入了博物馆。
You must attach a label to each piece of luggage.
每件行李上你都必须加上标签。
He is deeply attached to the old camera.
他非常爱惜那个旧相机。
Do you attach any importance to what he said?
你认为他说的话重要吗？
【链接训练】
①I will ________ a document to the letter.Please sign it and mail it back to me as soon as possible.
A．send B．attach C．fix D．follow
【解析】　考查固定短语attach...to...“将……固定到……上”。句意为：我将一份文件附在信上。请签字后速寄回给我。
【答案】　B
②We've grown very ________ to this house and would hate to move.
A．attached B．responsible
C．resistant D．contrary
【解析】　句意为：我们十分留恋这所房子，真舍不得搬家。be attached to sb./sth.“依恋、留恋、酷爱某物(人)”；be responsible to sb.“为自己的行为对(主管或上级)承担责任”；resistant to“抵抗，对抗”；contrary to“与……相反”。根据句意可知答案为A。
5．shape vt.做成某物的形状；定形；(使)成形；对……有重大影响；进展；使(衣服)合身　n．形状；外形；样子；身段
归纳拓展
(1)in shape在形状上；身体状况良好
be in bad shape情况处于混乱状态；健康情况不佳
in the shape/form of以……的形式；某种形状的
out of shape状况不佳；变形；走样
(2)shape...into...做成(某事)；塑造成(某形状)
shape...from...用……材料使……成型
例句：The pool was in the shape of a heart.游泳池呈心形。
Considering how old the car is，it is not in bad shape.这么老的汽车，车况就算不错了。
Mary's sweater has stretched completely out of shape.玛丽的毛衣撑得完全走样了。
The children are shaping the sand into a tower.
孩子们把沙子堆成塔形。
【链接训练】
He keeps far too many things in his pockets, so his suit looks badly out of______.
A．date B．style C．order D．shape
【解析】　考查out of＋n.的用法。out of date“过时”；out of style“不再流行”；out of order“出故障，有毛病”；out of shape“变形”。句意为：他在口袋里装了许多东西，因此他的西装看起来严重走形了。根据题意可知答案为D。【答案】　D
短语
1．rely on 依赖，依靠；信任，信赖
归纳拓展
rely on/upon＝depend on依赖，信任
rely on/upon sb./sth.to do...相信(依赖)某人(某物)去做……
rely on sth./sb.(for...)(为生活或生存)依赖某物/某人
rely on one's own effort依靠某人自己的努力
rely on it that...指望……
例句：A country should mainly rely on the strength and wisdom of its own people.
一个国家应当主要依靠本国人民的力量和智慧。
Students rely on the pictures to help them understand.
学生们靠这些图示帮助他们理解。
They rely on a spring for their water.
他们的用水取自一口清泉。
You may rely on it that he will come to meet you.
你放心好了，他会来接你的。
【链接训练】
①The people on the island ________ on the supplies that were brought from the mainland.
A．acted B．called
C．put D．relied
【解析】　句意为：岛上的人们依靠大陆提供的东西生活。rely on“依靠，依赖”，符合题意。
【答案】　D
②Children should not be encouraged to ________ the electronic dictionaries as it will make them lazier.
A．insist on B．rely on
C．keep on D．work on
【解析】　句意为：不应该鼓励学生依赖电子词典，因为这会使学生变得更懒。rely on“信赖，依靠”；insist on“坚持做某事”；keep on“继续”；work on“继续工作，从事于”。根据句意可知答案为B。
【答案】　B
2．run out (指供应品)用完，耗尽；不多了，没有
归纳拓展
注意：run out，give out是不及物动词短语，后面不能跟宾语；run out of，use up是及物动词短语，其后可以跟宾语。
(1)run out of/use up用完；耗尽
give out用完，消耗完；用完，耗尽(某物)
(2)run across偶然遇见某人或发现某物
run after追赶，追逐
run away from突然离开……；从……逃走，极力回避，逃避
run into偶然遇见某人；(旅行中)遇到(坏天气)；遭遇(困难、问题等)
例句：Our supplies soon ran out./Our supplies were soon run out of.我们的供给很快就耗尽了。
He has used up all his strength.
他已耗尽他所有的力气。
He ran across a dollar bill in the suit he was sending to the cleaner.
他在送洗的衣服内偶然发现了一张一美元的钞票。
He ran away from home at the age of 13.
他13岁时离家出走。
【链接训练】
—Have we ________ food?
—Yes，________.We'd better buy some.
A．run out of；we have run it out
B．run out of；our food has run out
C．run out of；our food has been run out
D．run out；our food has run out
【解析】　考查run out与run out of的区别。run out of为及物动词短语，主语通常是人，故排除D项；run out是不及物动词短语，没有被动语态，主语通常是表示事物的名词，故排除A、C项，答案为B。【答案】　B
3．get rid of摆脱某人，除掉某物
归纳拓展
get across传播，为人理解；讲清楚
get about走动；(消息等)传开
get in进入；插话
get into卷入，陷入
get over从(疾病、失望等中)恢复过来；克服(困难)，解决(问题等)
get together相聚，聚集
例句：If you’re not going，we can get rid of the tickets.
如果你们不去，我们就把票处理掉。
It can be difficult for schools to get rid of poor teachers.学校要开除不称职的老师是很困难的。
【链接训练】
Dad is used to smoking and drinking.There's no chance ________ I'm able to talk him into ________.
A．whether；giving it up　
B．of whether；giving them up
C．that；getting rid of them
D．which；stopping it
【解析】　There's no chance that...是固定用法，“没有……的机会”，chance后是同位语从句；talk sb. into doing sth.“说服某人做某事”；get rid of“摆脱掉，处理掉，戒掉”，故答案为C。give up“放弃，戒掉(烟、酒)”。【答案】　C
4．look out小心，当心(常用于祈使句，表示警示或提醒等)
归纳拓展
look out for sb./sth.警惕或留心某人/某物
look ahead向前看
look back on/to sth.回忆，回顾
look down on/upon轻视，看不起
look in on sb./at sth.顺便拜访
look into调查
look on旁观，观看某事物
look through浏览，核查
look on/upon...as...把……当成……
look up仰视，查阅
look up to sb.赞赏或尊敬某人
例句：Look out！There’s a danger ahead.当心！前面危险！
He is looking out for a nice apartment downtown.
他正在留意寻找一套位于市中心的舒适公寓。
If you wish to have further information about the matter，look up this book.
如果你希望知道关于这件事情的细节，看看这本书。
The police promised to look into the disappearance of the two children.警察答应调查两个孩子失踪的事。
【链接训练】
When I ________ those days I realized I was desperately unhappy.
A．look in on B．look down on
C．look on D．look back on
【解析】　句意为：当我回想起那些日子，我觉得自己痛苦极了。look back on“回顾，回忆起”，符合题意。【答案】　D
句型
I'm too busy enjoying my life now to worry about the future!
我现在忙于享受生活没时间为未来担忧！
归纳拓展
(1)一般来说，too...to do结构表示否定的意思，意为“太……而不能……”。
(2)当too后面是kind，ready，willing，eager，anxious，satisfied，happy，glad等表示态度、心情的形容词时，该结构不表示结果，也无否定意义，too在此时的意义相当于very
(3)当too前面有否定词never，only或后面有not时，其语法结构发生变化，意思表示强烈的肯定。
(4)如果将not放在不定式前面，动词不定式则由先前的否定概念转为否定之否定概念，即肯定的意思“太……不能不……”。
例句：It’s too good an opportunity to miss.
这真是一个很好的机会，不能错过。
He is too willing to follow others’ advice.
他极愿意接受别人的意见。
The students were only too glad to go back home for the winter holiday.放寒假回家，学生们都很高兴。
They are never too old to learn.他们活到老学到老。
She is too kind not to help you.
她很善良，肯定会帮助你的。
【链接训练】
—Thanks for your trouble.
—Not at all.I'm ________ pleased to help you.
A．too much　 B．too only　
C．so much　 D．only too
【解析】　only too是习惯短语，意为“极，非常”；too much和so much不修饰形容词和副词的原级，也不修饰分词，它们常修饰不可数名词、比较级或在句末作程度状语。根据题意，选D。
【答案】　D
语法
将来进行时
(1)定义：表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作。
(2)将来进行时的构成
将来进行时的句型结构由“助动词will/shall be＋现在分词”构成。will be用于各类人称，shall be用于第一人称。
(3)将来进行时的基本用法
①表示将来某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作，一般带状语。
例句：Don’t call me up at ten o’clock in the evening.I shall be sleeping then.
不要在晚上十点钟打电话来，那时我将在睡觉。
②表示说话人感到某事即将发生或按计划预计要发生。
例句：What time will he be arriving at the airport?
他预计几点钟到达机场？
③表示现在正在进行的动作，但这个动作延续到将来。
例句：I wonder if it will still be raining this afternoon.
我想知道今天下午是否还会下雨。
④将来进行时除表示未来外，还可表示亲切或委婉的语气。
例句：I shall be thinking of you.我会想你的。
Will you be staying here long?
你会长时间在这儿吗？
(4)现在进行时表示将来的动作与将来进行时的区别：两者都可以用来表将来的动作，但现在进行时通常用于表示不远的将来的动作，而且有确定的时间；而将来进行时可以和确定的时间状语连用，也可以不用，既可以表示不远的将来的动作，也可以表示较远的将来的动作。
例句：We are meeting him tomorrow./We will be meeting him tomorrow.我们明天将会见到他。
We will be meeting him next year.
我们明年将会见到他。(注意：此句不可用现在进行时，因为明年是较远的将来时间)
【链接训练】
①—I'll come to attend your lecture at 10：10 tomorrow.
—I'm sorry，by then my lecture will have ended and I ________ my guests in my office.
A．is being met B．will meet
C．will be meeting D．will have met
【解析】　此空用将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作。【答案】　C
②This time next week I'll be on vacation.Probably I ________ on a beautiful beach.
A．am lying B．have lain
C．will be lying D．will have lain
【解析】　句意为：下星期这个时候，我将在度假。很有可能我正躺在美丽的海滩上。从题意可以看出后面分句的时间状语依然是This time next week，故用将来进行时。【答案】　C
③—Is it convenient to you if I call you up at 9 o'clock tomorrow morning?
—I'm afraid not. I________a meeting then.
A．was attending
B．will be attending
C．am attending
D．will have attended
【解析】　考查时态的用法。句意为：——明天上午9：00我给你打电话方便吗？——恐怕不行。我那时正在出席一个会议。由时间状语at 9 o’clock tomorrow morning明天上午9点，可知是将来某一时间正在进行的动作，故用将来进行时。正确答案为B。【答案】　B
④At this time tomorrow ________ over the Atlantic.
A．we're going to fly
B．we'll be flying
C．we'll fly
D．we're to fly
【解析】　根据时间状语At this time tomorrow可判断出是在明天这时正在发生的事，要用将来进行时，故选B。【答案】　B