2022-2023年高中英语知识点总结归纳.docx

2022-2023年高中英语知识点总结归纳

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单选题(经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品)
1、The law ________ back to the 17th century is still in use today.
A．datesB．datedC．was datedD．dating
答案：D
解析：
考查非谓语动词。句意：这项法律可追溯到17世纪，至今仍在使用。date back to追溯到，为不及物动词短语，在句中作定语，所以用现在分词形式。故选D。
2、The first people confirmed _______ the top were Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay in 1953.
A．to reachB．to be reachingC．reachedD．to have reached
答案：D
解析：
考查动词不定式的时态。句意：1953年，埃德蒙·希拉里和丹增·诺尔盖是第一批被证实到达山顶的人。分析句子结构可知，the first people是句子的主语，谓语动词为were，所以confirmed _______ the top为the first people的后置定语。句型“sb+ be+confirmed+动词不定式”，意为“某人被证实……”，空处应用reach的动词不定式。根据句意可知，在时间顺序上，两人登顶在先，被证实在后，所以动词不定式应用完成式：to have reached。故填to have reached。
3、As he works in a remote (遥远的) area, he visits his mother only ________.
A．anxiouslyB．urgentlyC．likelyD．occasionally
答案：D
解析：
考查副词。句意：因为他在一个偏远的地区工作，所以他只是偶尔探访他的母亲。A. anxiously焦虑地；B. urgently紧急地；C. likely可能的；D. occasionally偶尔。根据句意可知，因为工作地点远，所以他不能总回家探望母亲，故填occasionally，表示“偶尔”。故选D项。
4、--- It seems very likely that we will have to ________ a cold meal after all. 
--- Oh, No! I’m sorry to hear that.
A．come acrossB．refer toC．figure outD．settle for
答案：D
解析：
考查动词词义辨析。句意：——看来很有可能我们只能将就吃一顿冷饭了。——哦,不!听到这个消息我很难过。A.come across偶遇；B. refer to指的是；C. figure out 弄明白；D.settle for勉强接受，将就。根据“ Oh, No! I’m sorry to hear that.”可知，看来很有可能我们只能将就吃一顿冷饭了。故选D项。
小提示：
5、After the Shenzhou XII capsule was launched into orbit, three astronauts successfully went into its space core module Tianhe and accomplished a three-month mission, thus again ________ China is a global space power.
A．provedB．to proveC．to have provedD．proving
答案：D
解析：
考查非谓语动词。句意：神州十二号飞船被发射进入轨道后，三位宇航员成功地进入了天和核心舱并完成了长达三个月的任务，因此再次证实了中国是全球的空间中坚力量。分析句子可知，prove是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语即整个主句的内容之间属于主谓关系，要用现在分词形式。故选D项。
6、The house, ___________I bought last year, needs to be repaired.
A．whichB．whereC．thatD．when
答案：A
解析：
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我去年买的房子需要修理。分析句子结构可知，非限制性定语从句当中缺少宾语，先行词是the house，所以应用关系代词which来引导。故选A。
7、It was dark, and we could not ______ who was coming along the road.
A．make outB．see throughC．watch overD．search for
答案：A
解析：
考查短语辨析。句意：天黑了，我们看不清是谁沿路走来。A.make out 辨认出，看清；B. see through 看穿；C. watch over 照看；D. search for搜索。根据“It was dark”可知，句意表示天黑了看不清（make out）。故选A项。
8、It________ to look after these naughty grandchildren of mine for a whole day.
A．put me downB．drives me outC．wears me outD．pulls me through
答案：C
解析：
考查动词短语辨析。句意：照看我这些淘气的孙子孙女一整天把我累坏了。A. put down放下；B. drive out驱赶；C. wear out使精疲力竭；D. pull through渡过难关。根据“look after these naughty grandchildren of mine for a whole day”可知，照看淘气的孙子孙女一整天把我累坏了，用动词短语wear out，意为“使精疲力竭”，符合句意。故选C项。
9、We’ll never forget the ________ Zhong Nanshan has made to the fight against COVID-19.
A．pressB．donationsC．contributionsD．efforts
答案：C
解析：
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们永远不会忘记钟南山为抗击新冠肺炎疫情作出的贡献。A.press新闻界；B.donations捐赠；C.contributions贡献；D.efforts努力。根据常识可知，我们永远不会忘记钟南山为抗击新冠肺炎疫情作出的贡献，空格处意为“贡献”，故选C。
10、Daylight saving time begins at 2: 00 a. m. local time on the second Sunday in March, ________clocks spring forward an hour, typically ________observers to lose an hour of sleep.
A．which, causedB．when, causingC．which, causingD．when, caused
答案：B
解析：
考查定语从句和非谓语动词。句意：夏令时从当地时间3月第二个星期天凌晨2点开始，这时时钟会向前拨一小时，通常会导致遵守者少睡一小时。分析句子结构可知，“clocks spring forward an hour”是定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词“2: 00 a. m. local time on the second Sunday in March”是时间，因此第一空用关系副词when引导定语从句；句中谓语是begins，第二空用非谓语动词，根据句意可知，cause和前面所描述的“clocks spring forward an hour”之间是主谓关系，因此第二空用现在分词causing表主动，故选B。
11、He told me to keep my health code at hand, and then________would be easier to get into the school.
A．itB．allC．thisD．which
答案：A
解析：
考查it的用法。句意：他让我把我的健康密码放在手边，这样就更容易进学校了。A.it这；B.all全部；C.this这个；D.which哪个。it is easy to do是固定短语，意为“做某事很容易”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to do，因此空格处是it，故选A。
12、Is there anything else ________ you’d like to share with me?
A．in particularB．in timeC．in orderD．in turn
答案：A
解析：
考查固定短语辨析。句意：有别的什么你特别要和我分享的吗？A. in particular特别，尤其；B. in time及时，迟早； C. in order井然有序；D. in turn轮流，依次。固定短语in particular相当于副词表示“尤其；特别”，符合语境，故选A项。
13、The band are hoping to ________ a UK show before the end of this year.
A．put downB．put upC．put onD．put out
答案：C
解析：
考查动词短语辨析。句意：乐队希望在今年年底之前在英国演出。A. put down放下，镇压；B. put up张贴；C. put on演出；D. put out扑灭。根据句意可知，此处表示“乐队希望在英国演出”，故填put on，表示“演出，表演”，故选C。
14、In the country Bhutan, weather ______ vary dramatically from place to place, day to day or even within the same day.
A．canB．shallC．mustD．need
答案：A
解析：
考查情态动词。句意：在不丹，不同的地方，不同的日子，甚至同一天，天气都有可能有很大的差异。A. can可能；       B. shall应该；C. must必须；D. need需要。根据语境分析，can有时可能会（用于偶尔的可能性），用于此处阐述天气比较合适。故选A项。
15、Only when we realize the importance of helping each other can we be ______ to building a harmonious(和谐的) society.
A．devotedB．rewardedC．attackedD．voted
答案：A
解析：
考查动词词义辨析。句意：只有当我们意识到互相帮助的重要性，我们才能致力于建设一个和谐社会。A. devoted致力于，贡献；B. rewarded奖励；C. attacked攻击；D. voted选举，投票。根据“building a harmonious(和谐的) society”可知，此处表示致力于建设和谐社会。故选A。
16、________ performing his own movie stunts, martial arts actor Jackie Chan has broken his nose three times, most of the bones in his hands, both cheekbones, his ankle, and his skull.
A．Relying onB．Admitting toC．Resisting toD．Persisting in
答案：D
解析：
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：坚持表演自己的电影特技，武术演员成龙的鼻子骨折了三次，包括双手大部分骨头、双颧骨、脚踝和头骨。A. Relying on依靠；B. Admitting to承认；C. Resisting to抵抗；D. Persisting in坚持。根据“martial arts actor Jackie Chan has broken his nose three times, most of the bones in his hands, both cheekbones, his ankle, and his skull.”可知，成龙坚持表演自己的电影特技。故选D。
17、You will never gain success ________ you keep working hard.
A．whenB．becauseC．ifD．unless
答案：D
解析：
考查状语从句。句意：除非你继续努力，否则你永远不会成功。A. when当……时候；B. because因为；C. if如果；D. unless除非。引导条件状语从句，表示“除非”应用unless。故选D。
18、It is one of the most interesting stories___________ in the magazine so far this year.
A．foundB．being foundC．to findD．finding
答案：A
解析：
考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：这是今年以来该杂志发现的最有趣的故事之一。 根据so far可知，此处表示已经完成的动作，且stories和动词find之间是被动关系，所以这里是过去分词作后置定语。故选A。
19、His warning was ________ timely ________ help us avoid being cheated.
A．such; as toB．so; as toC．such; thatD．so; that
答案：B
解析：
考查固定搭配。句意：他的警告非常及时，帮助我们避免了受骗。四个选项都表示“如此……以至于”，后面所跟成分不同，such后接名词，so后接形容词或副词，as to后接动词原形，that后接从句。根据句中timely为形容词，help为动词原形可知，本题需用固定搭配so...as to。故选B。
小提示：
20、The celebration of that traditional festival ________ a great parade, singing and dancing.
A．makes up ofB．is made upC．is consisted ofD．consists of
答案：D
解析：
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个传统节日的庆祝活动包括盛大的游行、歌舞。be made up of“由……组成”，consist of“由……组成”主动形式表达被动意义，结合句意和选项，故选D。
21、What time does the shop open on Friday?

A．7pm–10pmB．7am–10pmC．11am–5pm
答案：B
解析：
考查细节理解。句意：这家商店星期五几点营业？根据图片中“mon-sat 7am-10pm”（周一至周六上午7点至晚上10点）可知，这家商店周一至周六上午7点至晚上10点营业，浏览选项可知，“7am–10pm”（上午7点到晚上10点）符合商店的营业时间。故选B项。
22、The first week was a little confusing. 以上句子中黑体加粗的是 ________.
A．名词短语B．形容词短语C．介词短语D．副词短语
答案：A
解析：
考查句子成分。句意：第一周有点混乱。The first week为名词短语，作主语；a little confusing为形容词短语，作表语，故选A。
23、The café is open for business, which________ when I passed by last week.
A．was being decoratedB．was decorated
C．has been decorated.D．had been decorated
答案：A
解析：
考查时态和语态。句意：这家咖啡店现在对外营业，上一周我经过时，它正在被装修。根据when I passed by last week.可知空格处表达：过去动作正在进行，且与主语The café是被动关系，因此空格处要用过去进行时的被动语态。故选A。
24、The prince lived in a large and beautiful ________.
A．hurricaneB．castleC．petrolD．calligraphy
答案：B
解析：
考查名词词义辨析。句意：王子住在一座又大又漂亮的城堡里。A. hurricane飓风；B. castle城堡；C. petrol汽油；D. calligraphy书法。根据常识判断可知，王子一般住在城堡里。故选B。
25、To avoid costly mistakes, we won’t make a decision until everyone ________ at the meeting.
A．makes a markB．makes a changeC．has a quarrelD．has a say
答案：D
解析：
考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了避免代价高昂的错误，我们要等到每个人在会上都有发言权后才作出决定。A.makes a mark做记号；B.makes a change进行改变；C.has a quarrel吵架；D.has a say有发言权。由“we won’t make a decision until everyone ________ at the meeting”可知，句子表示“我们要等到每个人在会上都有发言权后才作出决定”，空格处意为“有发言权”，故选D。
根据首字母填写单词(经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品)
26、Misunderstandings caused constant f _________ between the young couple. （根据首字母单词拼写）
答案：friction##frictions##riction##rictions
解析：
考查名词。句意：误解使这对年轻夫妇之间不断发生摩擦。根据句意和首字母提示可知，应填入名词friction作宾语，意为“摩擦”，friction为可数名词，结合句意，可以用单数也可以用复数形式。故填friction(s)。
27、We can enjoy the b________ view of the mountains by watching the film.(surprising, beautiful or impressive enough to take your breath away) （根据英文提示单词拼写）
答案：breathtaking##reathtaking
解析：
考查形容词。句意：通过观看这部电影，我们可以欣赏到壮丽的山景。(令人惊讶、美丽或令人印象深刻，足以让你屏住呼吸) 修饰名词view，前用形容词形式。根据英文和首字母提示提示以及句意，故填breathtaking。
28、As a c________of the heavy rain he was late for work. （根据首字母单词拼写）
答案：consequence##onsequence
解析：
考查名词和固定短语。句意：由于下大雨，他上班迟到了。由“he was late for work”可知，他上班迟到是因为下大雨，由首字母提示c可知，空格处是固定短语as a consequence of，意为“由于”，因此空格处是consequence，故填consequence。
29、She was so i_______by the people she met online that she decided to start an IT club to teach older people how to use computers and the Internet. (根据首字母单词拼写)
答案：inspired##nspired
解析：
考查语态。句意：网上认识的这个人给了她启发，她决定成立一个IT俱乐部来教老年人如何使用电脑和互联网。根据首字母和句意可知，空处表示“启发”，应用动词inspire，且主语she和inspire二者之间是被动关系，所以此处是一般过去时的被动语态，应用inspire的过去分词形式inspired。故填inspired。
30、A lot of cars were d________ in the floods happening on the night of September 5th. （根据首字母单词拼写）
答案：destroyed##estroyed
解析：
考查动词。句意：许多汽车在9月5日晚上发生的洪水中被毁。根据单词首字母以及句意“毁坏”可知应填动词destroy，作谓语，与主语构成被动关系，根据were可知为一般过去时的被动语态。故填destroyed。
31、After the tsunami, as many as 1000 houses were in r______. (根据首字母单词拼写)
答案：ruins##uins
解析：
考查名词。句意：海啸过后，多达1000所房屋成为废墟。根据首字母提示和句意可知，名词ruin“废墟”符合题意，in ruins“成为废墟”为固定表达。故填ruins。
32、It’s important to learn to take a p ________ attitude to life when you are in trouble. （根据首字母单词拼写）
答案：positive##ositive
解析：
考查形容词。句意：当你陷入困境时，学会对生活采取积极的态度是很重要的。根据句意和首字母拼写可知，空处应填形容词positive作定语修饰名词attitude，表示“积极的”。故填positive。
33、I’m sincerely inviting you to the opening______（典礼，仪式）(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
答案：ceremony
解析：
考查名词。句意：真诚地邀请您参加开幕式。根据句意及汉语提示，可知为ceremony；设空处在句中作宾语，应用名词的形式， opening ceremony开幕式；开学典礼；开幕仪式；开幕典礼。故填ceremony。
34、When I found out that I was t ________ by him, I was really hurt and let go of our friendship. （根据首字母单词拼写）
答案：tricked##ricked
解析：
考查动词。句意：当我发现我被他欺骗了，我真的很受伤，放弃了我们的友谊。主语I与trick之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据首字母提示及句意，故填tricked。
35、But for me, it was much more p________.（根据首字母单词拼写）
答案：personal##ersonal
解析：
考查形容词。句意：但对我来说，这更私人。结合句意和首字母提示可知，形容词personal“自私的”，形容词作表语。故填personal。
36、She emptied the c________ of her bag onto the table and found the book she wanted. (根据首字母单词拼写)
答案：contents##ontents
解析：
考查名词。句意：她把包里的东西倒在桌子上，找到了她要的那本书。根据单词首字母以及句意“东西，所含物”可知应填名词content，作宾语，结合语境表示数量大于一应用复数形式。故填contents。
37、On his way home from school, he heard a clap (霹雳声) of t________, and soon it began to rain. （根据首字母单词拼写）
答案：thunder##hunder
解析：
考查名词。句意：在放学回家的路上，他听到一声雷声霹雳，很快就下起雨来了。根据单词首字母以及句意“雷声”可知应填名词thunder，短语a clap of thunder表示“一声霹雳”。故填thunder。
38、The club welcomes all new members r_____________ of age. (根据首字母单词拼写)
答案：regardless##egardless
解析：
考查固定短语。句意：俱乐部欢迎所有新会员，不分年龄。结合句意及首字母提示可知，此处考查固定短语regardless of，意为“不管，不顾”，故填regardless。
39、It is a________ from her face that she is really depressed. Everyone can see that. （根据首字母单词拼写）
答案：apparent##pparent
解析：
考查形容词。句意：从她的脸上可以明显看出她真的很沮丧。每个人都能看到。根据句意及汉语提示，可知为apparent；设空处在句中作表语，应用形容词的形式。故填apparent。
40、The Russian Parliament(议会) has a _________ a program of thorough economic reforms. （根据首字母单词拼写）
答案：approved##pproved
解析：
考查动词。句意：俄罗斯议会批准了一项彻底的经济改革计划。根据单词首字母以及句意“批准”可知应填动词approve，作谓语，根据上文has可知为现在完成时，空处应填过去分词。故填approved。
41、The b________ did not completely cover the bed. （根据首字母单词拼写）
答案：blanket##lanket
解析：
考查名词。句意：毯子没有把床完全盖住。根据句意“毯子”和首字母提示“b”可知，应填名词blanket作主语。故填blanket。
42、UNICEF is an international c________ which helps children in poor areas.(an institution/organization engaged in relief of the poor) （根据英文提示单词拼写）
答案：charity##harity
解析：
考查名词。句意：联合国儿童基金会是一个帮助贫困地区儿童的国际慈善机构。根据an international可知，设空处需填入名词单数形式，结合英文“an institution/organization engaged in relief of the poor(从事救济穷人的机构/组织)”及首字母提示可知，名词charity“慈善机构”符合句意要求。故填charity。
小提示：
43、He is one of the most important and i_________ writers in the world. (根据首字母单词拼写)
答案：influential##nfluential
解析：
考查形容词。句意：他是世界上最重要、最有影响力的作家之一。句中的and连接形容词important和设空处，可知设空处需填入形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词writers，结合首字母提示可知，influential符合句意。故填influential。
44、The little boy walked out of the kindergarten and began to run to her mother i______ he saw her. （根据首字母单词拼写）
答案：instantly##nstantly##immediately##mmediately
解析：
考查连接词。句意：小男孩走出幼儿园，一看到母亲就开始向她跑去。分析可知，空处为连接词，引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”，根据首字母可知，为instantly或immediately。故填instantly或immediately。
45、She was seriously injured in the traffic accident so she would take nearly a year to r________ from it. （根据首字母单词拼写）
答案：recover##ecover
解析：
考查非谓语动词。句意：她在那次交通事故中受了重伤，所以她需要将近一年的时间才能康复。根据句意及首字母提示，可知为recover，设空处在句中作非谓语，固定句型sb takes some time to do sth某人花费一段时间去做某事。结合空前的to，可知设空处应为动词原形的形式。故填recover。
书信写作(经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品)
46、假定你是李华，你校英语报向学生征文，主题是“A success as a teenager”，请根据下列要点写一篇短文，内容包括：
(1) 成功经过；
(2) 你的收获。
注意：(1) 词数100左右；
(2) 标题已为你写好。
A success as a teenager
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答案：                                                                                                                 A success as a teenager
I always remember my first success in an English contest in junior high school. I have always been interested in English and I can speak English fluently.
Encouraged by my teacher, I signed up for an English story-telling contest held by an English newspaper. At first I was a little nervous and worried, but the teacher said I was sure to succeed. She also helped me with my preparation for the contest.
After my repeated practice and the teacher’s careful guidance, I won first place in the competition. It gave me the confidence to continue to be successful. This success has taught me that hard work, preparation and the help of others are necessary for success.
解析：
【导语】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，你校英语报向学生征文，主题是“A success as a teenager”，请根据要点写一篇短文。
(1)词汇积累
比赛：competition→contest
感兴趣：take interest in→be interested in
担心的：concerned→worried
必要的：essential→necessary
(2)句式拓展
并列句变复合句
原句：At first I was a little nervous and worried, but the teacher said I was sure to succeed.
拓展句：Although at first I was a little nervous and worried, the teacher said I was sure to succeed.
小提示：
[高分句型1] Encouraged by my teacher, I signed up for an English story-telling contest held by an English newspaper. (运用了过去分词作状语)
[高分句型2] This success has taught me that hard work, preparation and the help of others are necessary for success. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
47、你校英语俱乐部将举办一次英语演讲比赛。请你以“Every Setback Is a Test for Us”为题写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
(1)描述你自己经历的一次挫折；
(2)你克服挫折的体会和建议。
注意：(1)短文词数不少于100词；
(2)开头部分已写好，不计入总数；
(3)不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。
Every Setback Is a Test for Us
Hello, everyone. I’m Li Hua. Today I am very glad to have the chance to speak about the topic: Every Setback Is a Test for Us.
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