高中英语教学论文-英语复习系列知识3.doc

高三英语复习系列知识3
 语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句
二、简单句、并列句和复合句
（一）句子种类两种分类法
1、按句子的用途可分四种：
1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.
特点: 用句号结束一个句子
2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she?  
疑问句就是问句
3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class
祈使句: 表示命令或者请求. 和有没有主语没有关系  
4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!
还有一个结构是用 what. how 后面加上的是形容词副词.what后面加上的是名词.
2、按句子的结构可分三种：
1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。
e.g. He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
要注意哟,逗号是不可以连接句子的,这一点和汉语不同.
e.g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。
有主句和从句构成,在一个句子前面加上连词(当然不是and,but,or了),这个句子就是从句了.
e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.
（二）简单句的五种基本句型
1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student.
2、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We work.
3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.
4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：
   e.g. My father bought me a car.
5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.
注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。
这是非常重要的,不需要理解,背下来吧
（三）并列句的分类
1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。e.g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.
2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.
这里大家记住这些连词就够用了.如果一下子记不住这么多,就记一个两个,记住有的时候不要和自己较劲
（四）高考考点探讨
1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。
2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。
3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and, but, or, while，以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。
4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显，时间从句与条件从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将来，这一点在高考中经常考查。
如：We will go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow。

练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句
一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?
4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.
5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.
7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.
8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?
9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.
10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
I hope you are very well（ ）. I'm fine, but tired（ ）. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm（ ）. August is the hottest month here（ ）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（ ） Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（ ）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（ ）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（ ）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（ ）. But he employs more men for the harvest（ ）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（ ）. It doesn't often rain in the summer here（ ）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（ ）. Every evening we pump water from a well（ ）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（ ）.
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（ ）. These parties often make us very happy（ ）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（ ）. It's great（ ）! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion（ ）. Some of my friends drink beer（ ）. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party（ ）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（ ）. There are five different time areas in the States（ ）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（ ）. How many different time areas do you have in China（ ）? Well, I must stop and get some sleep（ ）. Please give my best regards to your parents（ ）.  
三、选择填空：重点做
1. Give me one more minute ____ I’ll be able to finish it.
A. and       B. or       C. if        D. so
2. It’s the third time that John has been late, ____?
A. hasn’t he      B. isn’t he     C. isn’t it      D. hasn’t it
3. ____ joyful he was to meet his brother again!
A. How      B. What     C. What a      D. What an
4. Let us pass, ____?
A. shan’t we B. shall we C. won’t we D. will you
5. I suppose he’s serious, ____ ?
A. do I      B. don’t I     C. is he     D. isn’t he
6. You had better not smoke here, ____?
A. will you     B. had you     C. shall you     D. have you
7. Train as hard as you can ____ you’ll win the swimming competition.
A. then       B. but       C. and        D. or
8. I’m sorry to have to say this, ____ you forgot to turn off the lights when  
   you left the room last night.
A. and      B. but      C. so      D. because
9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and ____.
  A. Henry hasn’t too              B. Henry also has not either
 C. neither Henry has             D. neither has Henry
10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing,  
    ____ others enjoy swimming.
A. or      B. for      C. while      D. so
11. ---- Do you feel like going out ____ would you rather have dinner at home?
---- I’d like to go out. A. or      B. and       C. but      D. so
12. ---- “____ is the temperature today?” ----“It’s 38 degrees.”
A. Which     B. How     C. How hot     D. How high
13. ---- Your uncle isn’t an engineer, is he? ---- ____.
A. Yes, he isn’t     B. No, he isn’t     C. No, he is     D. He is
14. ____ friendly ____ to everyone!
A. How, is she    B. What, is she    C. How, she is    D. What, she is
15. Mary went to bed early, ____ she felt very tired.
A. or     B. so      C. for      D. yet
16. Mother ____ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. was making     B. makes     C. is making     D. made
17. He lay in bed ____ read something borrowed from library.
A. but            B. and            C. or          D. yet
18. ---- I’d really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.
    ---- ____ what you want and I can get it for you.
A. Tell me                 B. If you would say to me  
C. You will tell me          D. If you tell me
19. As he is strong, ____ can lift one hundred pounds.
A. yet he      B. but he      C. and     D. he
20. ---- I thought you had an umbrella. ---- I had, ____ I’ve lost it.
A. since      B. but      C. because      D. so
21. ____ down the radio ---- the baby’s asleep in the next room.
A. Turning     B. To turn     C. Turned       D. Turn
22. ---- I don’t like chicken ____ fish.
     ---- I don’t like chicken ____ I like fish very much.
A. and, and     B. and, but     C. or, and      D. or, but
23. ---- Would you like to come to dinner tonight?  
---- I’d like to, ____ I’m too busy.
A. and     B. so     C. as      D. but
24. Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?
A. and     B. then      C. or     D. otherwise
25. She set out soon after dark ____ home an hour later.
A. arriving     B. to arrive     C. having arrived     D. and arrived
26. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ____ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing          B. and point angrily  
C. angrily pointed         D. and angrily pointed
27. She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was  
   talking about my daughter.
A. whom     B. where     C. which     D. while
28. ____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.
A. When left     B. Leaving     C. If you leave     D. Leave
29. ---- Alice, you feed the bird today, ____? ---- But I fed it yesterday.
A. do you     B. will you     C. didn’t you     D. don’t you
30. ____ him and then try to copy what he does.
A. Mind      B. Glance at     C. Stare at     D. Watch
四、按要求完成下列句子：
1. He dares to tell the truth.（改为否定句）
2. They have lived here for more than ten years.（对画线部分提问）
3. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, ____________?
（完成反意疑问）