英语四级作文句型.doc

1-1 对立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法,
　　适用于有争议性的主题.
例如(e.g)
　　[1]. When asked about....., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that ....... But I think/view a bit differently.
　　[2]. When it comes to .... , some people bielive that ....... Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguements/statements , but (I tend to prefer the latter ...)
　　[3]. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that .... They claim/ believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt whether.....
　　1-2 现象法 引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论 .
　　e.g
　　[1]. Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) ... has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern.
　　[2]. Recently the issue of (the problem of/the phenomenon of) ...has been brought into focus. ( has been brought to public attention)
　　[3].Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality ... is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.
　　1-3 观点法 ----开门见山,直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法.
　　e.g:
　　[1]. Never history has the change of .. been as evident as ... Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of .. benn more visible/popular than...
　　[2]. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginnig/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that...
　　[3]. Now there is a growing awareness/recognation ot the necessity to......Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of ......
　　[4]. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that.......
　　1-4 引用法 ----- 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述的观点!
　　e.g:
　　[1]. “Knowledge is power.” such is the remark made by Bacon.This remark has been shared by more and more people .

　　[2]."........." How often we hear such statements/words like thoses /this .
In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this "......"
As the saying goes, .
　　1-5 比较法 ------ 通过对过去,现在 两种不同的倾向,观点的比较 , 引出文章要讨论的观点.
　　e.g:
　　[1]. For years, ...had been viewed as ... But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing ... , people ....... .
　　[2]. People used to think that ... (In the past, ....) But people now share this new.
　　1-6 故事法 ---- 先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣, 引出文章的主题.
　　e.g:
　　[1]. Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt .... The phenemenon of ... has aroused public concern.
　　[2]. I have a friend who ... Should he .... ? Such a dilemma we are often confront with in our daily life.
　　[3]. Once upon a time , there lived a man who ... This story may be (unbelievable) , but it still has a realistic significance now.
　　1-8 问题法 ----- 先用讨论或解答的设问, 引出自己观点, 适用于有争议性的话题.
　　e.g:
　　Should/What ...... ? Options of ... vary greatly , some ..., others ...
　　But in my opinion , ...... .
文章中间主体内容句型
　　原因结果分析
　　3-1-1. 基本原因 --- 分析某事物时, 用此句型说明其基本的或者多方面的原因.
　　e.g:
　　[1]. Why ... ? For one thing.. For another ...
　　[2]. The answer to this problem invovles many factors. For one thing... For another...... Still another ...
　　[3]. A number of factors , both physical and psychological affect .... /both individual and social contribute to ....
　　3-1-2 另一原因 --------> 在分析了基本原因之后, 再补充一个次要的或者更重要时用!
　　e.g:
　　[1]. Another important factor is ....
　　[2]. ... is also responsible for the change/problem.
　　[3]. Certainly , the ... is not the sole reason for .....
　　3-1-3 后果影响 --------- 分析某事物可能造成的后果或者带来的影响 .
　　e.g:
　　[1]. It will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on....
　　[2]. It involves some serious consequence for ........
　　比较对照句型
　　3-2-1. 两者比较 ---> 比较两事物, 要说出其一超过另一个, 或肯定一事物的优点, 也肯定其缺点的时候用 !
　　e.g:
　　[1]. The advantages gained from A are much greater than the advantages we gain from B.
　　[2]. Indeed, A carries much weight when compared with B.
　　[3]. There is no doubt that it has its negative effects as well as positive effects.
　　3-2-2 . 两者相同/相似 ------> 比较两事物共同都有或者共同都没有的特点时用!
　　e.g:
　　[1]. A and B have several things in common. They are similar in that.....
　　[2]. A bears some striking resemblance(s) to B.
　　Chapter Three 文章结尾形式
　　2-1 结论性--------- 通过对文章前面的讨论 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点 .
　　e.g:
　　[1]. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that .....
　　[2]. In summary/In a word , it is more valuable .......
　　2-2 后果性------ 揭示所讨论的问题若不解决, 将产生的严重后果.
　　e.g:
　　[1]. We must call for an immediate method , because the current phenomenon of ... , if allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of .......
　　[2]. Obviously , if we ignore/are blind to the problem , there is every chance that .. will be put in danger.
　　2-3 号召性 -------- 呼吁读者行动起来, 采取行动或提请注意.
　　e.g:
　　[1]. It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendency of ......
　　[2]. It is essential that effective measures should be taken to correct the tendency.
　　2-4 建议性 -------- 对所讨论的问题提出建议性的意见, 包括建议和具体的解决问题的方法.
　　e.g:
　　[1]. While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways. The most popular is .... Another method is ... Still another one is .....
　　[2]. Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation.
　　2-5 方向性的结尾方式 ---- 其与建议性的唯一差别就是对问题解决提出总的, 大体的方向或者指明前景.
　　e.g:
　　[1]. Many solutions are being offered here , all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough. The problem should be recognized in a wide way .
　　[2]. There is no quick method to the issue of .., but .. might be helpful/benefical.
　　[3]. The great challenge today is ...... There is much difficulty , but ........
　　2--6 意义性的结尾方式 --------> 文章结尾的时候,从更高的更新的角度指出所讨论的问题的重要性以及其深远的意义!
　　e.g:
　　[1]. Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success, but the pay off might be worth the effort . It will not only benefit but also benefit .....
　　[2]. In any case, whether it is posotive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly ..
2010年6月英语四六级写作加分句型
一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
　　~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
　　例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.
　　海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。
　　Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.
　　张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。
　　二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V
　　例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.
　　没有比接受教育更重要的事。
　　三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.(再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。)
　　例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
　　我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
　　四、There is no denying that + S + V ...(不可否认的...)
　　例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.
　　不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。
　　五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ (全世界都知道...)
　　例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.
　　全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。
　　六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ (毫无疑问的...)
　　例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.
　　毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。
　　七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的优点是...)
　　例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won’t create (produce) any pollution.
　　使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
　　八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的原因是...)
　　例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air./ The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.
　　我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
　　九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 (如此...以致于...)
　　例句：So precious is time that we can’t afford to waste it.
　　时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。
　　十、Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be, S + V~~~ (虽然...)
　　例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不}
　　虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。
　　十一、The + ~er + S + V,　 ~~~the + ~er + S + V ~~~，　 The + more + Adj + S + V,
　　~~~the + more + Adj + S + V~~~(愈...愈...)
　　例句：The　harder　you　work,　the　more　progress　you　make.
　　你愈努力，你愈进步。
　　The　more　books　we　read,　the　more　learned　we　become.
　　我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。
　　十二、By　+Ving,　~~　can　~~　(借着...，..能够..)
　　例句：By　taking　exercise,　we　can　always　stay　healthy.
　　借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。
　　十三、~~~　enable　+　Object(受词)+　to　+　V　(..使..能够..)
　　例句：Listening　to　music　enables　us　to　feel　relaxed.
　　听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。
　　十四、On　no　account　can　we　　+　V　~~~　(我们绝对不能...)
　　例句：On　no　account　can　we　ignore　the　value　of　knowledge.
　　我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
　　十五、It　is　time　+　S　+　过去式　(该是...的时候了)
　　例句：It　is　time　the　authorities　concerned　took　proper　steps　to　solve　the　traffic　problems.
　　该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。
　　十六、Those　who　~~~　(...的人...)
　　例句：Those　who　violate　traffic　regulations　should　be　punished.
　　违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。
　　十七、There　is　no　one　but　~~~　(没有人不...)
　　例句：There　is　no　one　but　longs　to　go　to　college.
　　没有人不渴望上大学。
　　十八、be　+　forced/compelled/obliged　+　to　+　V　(不得不...)
　　例句：Since　the　examination　is　around　the　corner,　I　am　compelled　to　give　up　doing　sports.
　　既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。
　　十九、It is　conceivable　that　+　句子　(可想而知的)
　　It　is　obvious　that　+　句子　(明显的)
　　It　is　apparent　that　+　句子　(显然的)
　　例句：It　is　conceivable　that　knowledge　plays　an　important　role　in　our　life.
　　可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。
　　二十、That　is　the　reason　why　~~~　(那就是...的原因)
　　例句：Summer　is　sultry.　That　is　the　reason　why　I　don’t　like　it.
　　夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。
　　二十一、For　the　past　　+　时间，S　+　现在完成式...(过去...年来，...一直...)
　　例句：For　the　past　two　years,　I　have　been　busy　preparing　for　the　examination.
　　过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。
　　二十二、Since　+　S　+　过去式，S　+　现在完成式。
　　例句：Since　he　went　to　senior　high　school,　he　has　worked　very　hard.
　　自从他上高中，他一直很用功。
　　二十三、It　pays　to　+　V　~~~　(...是值得的。)
　　例句：It　pays　to　help　others.
　　帮助别人是值得的。
　　二十四、be　based　on　(以...为基础)
　　例句：The　progress　of　thee　society　is　based　on　harmony.
　　社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。
　　二十五、Spare　no　effort　to　+　V　(不遗余力的)
　　例句：We　should　spare　no　effort　to　beautify　our　environment.
　　我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。
　　-- 英语四级作文万能公式
　　1. 开头万能公式一：名人名言
　　有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”，很好办：编!
　　原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧?
　　经典句型：
　　As the saying goes （A proberb says）, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言)
　　It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (适用于自编名言)
　　更多经典句型：
　　As everyone knows, No one can deny that…
　　2. 开头万能公式二：数字统计
　　原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。
　　原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型：
　　According to a recent survey, about 78.90f the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.
　　看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造：
　　Honesty
　　根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。
　　Travel by Bike
　　根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。
　　Youth
　　根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。
　　Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?
　　根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。
　　更多句型：
　　A recent statistics shows that …
　　写作绝招
　　结尾万能公式：
　　1. 结尾万能公式一：如此结论
　　说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子：
　　Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.
　　如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了!
　　更多过渡短语：
　　to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus
　　更多句型：
　　Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that…
　　2. 结尾万能公式二：如此建议
　　如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。
　　Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.
　　这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢?
　　更多句型：
　　Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.
　　Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.
　　写作绝招
　　写作的“七项基本原则”：
　　一、 长 短 句原则
　　工作还得一张一驰呢，老让读者读长句，累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题：
　　As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.
　　如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉?牢记!
　　强烈建议：在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短，且先长后短;在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。
　　二、 主 题 句原则
　　国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事!
　　特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的!
　　To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.
三、 一 二 三原则
　　领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。
　　1)first, second, third, last(不推荐，原因：俗)
　　2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐，原因：俗)
　　3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐，原因：俗)
　　4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推荐，原因：俗)
　　5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐)
　　6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐)
　　7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐)
　　8)most important of all, moreover, finally
　　9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)
　　10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)
　　建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!
　　四、 短语优先原则
　　写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点—精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如：
　　I cannot bear it.
　　可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.
　　I want it.
　　可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it.
　　这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。
　　五、 多实少虚原则
　　原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospitable 之类的形象词。再比如：
　　走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room
　　但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room
　　小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room
　　小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room
　　老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room
　　所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩!
　　六、 多变句式原则
　　1)加法(串联)
　　都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说：
　　I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar.
　　如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式：
　　Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.
　　其它的短语可以用：
　　besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover
　　2)转折(拐弯抹角)
　　批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。
　　The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.
　　The coat was thin, but it was warm.
　　更多的短语：
　　despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding
　　3)因果(so, so, so)
　　昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友…可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系!
　　The snow began to fall, so we went home.
　　更多短语：
　　then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that
　　4)失衡句(头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重)
　　有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。
　　举例：This is what I can do.
　　Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.
　　同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分：
　　When to go, Why he goes away…
　　5)附加(多此一举)
　　如果有了老婆，总会遇到这样的情况，当你再讲某个人的时候，她会插一句说，我昨天见过他;或者说，