七年级英语暑假专题：状语从句湘教版.doc

初一英语暑假专题：状语从句湘教版

【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
暑假专题：状语从句

二. 重、难点内容：
状语从句的分类及讲解

三. 具体内容：
1. 地点状语从句
　　地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。例如：
　　Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方树很多。
　　Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都会想到你。
2 方式状语从句
　　方式状语从句通常由as, （just） as…so…, as if, as though引导。
1）as, （just） as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在（just） as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是“正如……”，“就像”，多用于正式文体。例如：
　 Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。
　　As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
　 正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。
2）as if, as though
　 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作“仿佛……似的”，“好像……似的”。例如：
　 They completely ignore （不顾，不理，忽视）these facts as if （as though） they never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它们不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）
　　He looks as if （as though） he had been hit by lighting. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）
　 It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）
　 说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语。例如：
　 He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。
　 He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。
　 The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。
3. 原因状语从句
比较because, since, as和for：
1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。例如：
　 I didn’t go, because I was afraid. 我不去是因为我怕。
　 Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 天气那么糟，旅行推迟了。
2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。例如：
　 He is absent today, because / for he is ill. 他今天缺席，因为他病了。
　 He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他一定病了，所以今天缺席。
4. 目的状语从句
　 表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导。例如：
　 You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你必须大点声，别人就能听见了。
　 He wrote the name down for fear that（lest） he should forget it. 他写下了这个名字以免以后忘记。
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 最好多穿点衣服，以防天变冷。
5. 结果状语从句
　 结果状语从句常由so…that 或 such…that引导。so…that与such…that之间可以转换。例如：
　　The boy is so young that he can’t go to school. 这男孩年龄太小，不能上学。
　 He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school
6. 条件状语从句
　连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。
　 unless = if not.　 例如：
　 Let’s go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 如果不太累，我们去散散步。
　 If you are not too tired, let’s go out for a walk.
［典型例题］
You will be late ___ you leave immediately.　
A. unless　 B. until　 C. if　　D. or
　 答案A。句意：除非你立即走，否则你就会迟到的。可转化为 If you don’t leave immediately, you will be late。B、D句意不对，or表转折，句子应为 You leave immediately or you will be late.
7. 让步状语从句
1）though, although引导的让步状语从句，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。例如：
Although it’s raining, they are still working in the field.　虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。
　 He is very old, but he still works very hard. 虽然他很老了，但仍然努力地工作。
Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。（谚语）
2）as, though 引导的让步状语从句中表语或状语必须提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。例如：
　　Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. 虽然是个小孩，该做什么不做什么，他全知道。
3）even if, even though　即使。例如：
We’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好，我们也要去远足。
4）whether…or…　不管……都。例如：
　　Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 信不信由你，这确实是真的。
5）“no matter +疑问词” 或“疑问词+后缀ever”。例如：
No matter what happened, he would not mind. =Whatever happened, he would not mind. 不管发生什么，他不在意。
替换：no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.
（对）Whatever you say is of no use now. 你现在说什么也没用了。（Whatever you say是主语从句）
　　（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they’re given.
　 （对）Prisoners have to eat whatever they’re given.囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。
8. 比较while, when, as
1）as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。例如：
　　 Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 我一刹车，有一个人向我走来。
2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。例如：
When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 干完活后，你可以休息一下。
3）从句表示“随时间推移”连词能用as，不用when 或while。例如：
　　As the day went on, the weather got worse.　日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。
9. 比较until和till
此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”。动词为延续性或非延续性。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。
肯定句：I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。
Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。（在肯定句中可用before代替。
例如 Let’s get in the wheat before the sun sets.）
否定句：She didn’t arrive until 6 o’clock. 她直到6点才到。
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。
I didn’t manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。
区别：1）until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。例如：
Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。
2）until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。例如：
——Until when are you staying?　你呆到什么时候？
——Until next Monday.　呆到下周一。　
注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。
1）Not until…在句首，主句用倒装。例如：
　　Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热为何物。
　　Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到工作，才认识到我已蹉跎了几多岁月。
2）It is not until…that…。例如：
It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.
10. 表示“一…就…”的结构
　 hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than　和as soon as都可以表示“一…就…”的意思。例如：
　 I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. 刚回家，就下起雨来了。
　 I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
　 As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
　 注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构。例如：
　 Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
　 No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

【典型例题】
基本型
根据A句完成B句，使两句意思一致，每空只填一词：
1. A: Jane is a singer. She is also a dancer.
B: Jane is ______ ______ a singer ______ ______ a dancer.
2. A: We should learn from books and we should learn from teachers.
B: We should learn ______ from books ______ from teachers.
3. A: His mother can’t help him with his lessons, and his father can’t, either.
B: ______ his mother ______ his father can help him with his lessons.
4. A: It’s hard work, but I enjoy it.
B: ______ it’s hard work, I enjoy it.
5. A: Men can’t live without air and water.
B: Men will die without air ______ water.
Keys: 1. not only ; but also 2. both ; and 3. Neither ; nor 4. Though 5. or
6. A: If you stand higher, you will see farther.
B: Stand higher, ______ _________ you will see farther.
7. A: If you don’t work harder, you will fail in the exam.
B: Work harder, ______ you won’t pass the exam.
8. A: How important the meeting is! I can’t miss it.
B: It is ______ ____ important meeting ______ I can’t miss it.
9. A: After the mother came back, the boy went to bed.
B: The boy ______ go to bed ______ his mother came back.
10. A: There’re many rabbits there. They can’t kill them all.
B: There’re ______ many rabbits there ______ they can’t kill them all.
Keys: 6. so that 7. or 8. such an ; that 9. didn’t ; until 10. such ; that
11. A: When I get there, I’ll go to see him at once.
B: I’ll go to see him ______ ______ ______ I get there.
12. A: You may stay at home. You may also go out with us.(江西)
B: You may ______ stay at home ______ go out with us.
13. A: Mary is the tallest girl in her class.(1999福州)
B: Mary is ______ ______ any other girl in her class.
14. A: Peter draws well. Henry draws well, too.(1999广西)
B: Henry draws ______ ______ ______ Peter.
15. A: Mary runs faster than my sister.(1999兰州)
B: My sister doesn’t run ______ ______ ______ Mary does.
Keys: 11. as soon as 12. either ; or 13. taller than 14. as well as 15. so fast as
16. A: Uncle Wang finished his work. He went home.
B: Uncle Wang ______ go home ______ he finished his work.
17. A: Lucy has been away from the USA for 5 years.(内蒙古)
B: It’s 5 years ______ she ______ the USA.
18. A: “Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.(甘肃)
B: He asked me ______ the girl ______ some help.
19. A: Mrs. Smith is my teacher. She is also my good friend.
B: Mrs. Smith is ______ ______ my teacher ______ ______ my good friend.
20. A: “Nanjing has changed a lot these years.” “That’s right.”
B: “Nanjing has changed a lot these years.” “______ it ______.”
Keys: 16. didn’t ; until 17. since ; left 18. if ; needed 19. not only ; but also 20. So ; has

提高型
1. They didn’t start the work ____ their teacher came back.
A. until B. while C. as soon as D. if
2. The dictionary cost me too much, ____ it’s really useful.
A. and B. so C. but D. or
3. ——Carl, are you interested in swimming?——Yes, ____ I’m not good at it at all.
A. so B. and C. or D. but
4. You’ll be late ____ you don’t get up early tomorrow morning.
A. if B. when C. before D. until
5. I’d like to change this pair of trousers, ____ give me my money back. (99杭州)
A. so B. or C. but D. and
Keys: 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. A
6. Alice wanted to know ____ her grandmother liked the bag.
A. that B. if C. which D. what
7. Mr John has worked in that small town ____ he left Canada in 1998. (98山西)
A. when B. after C. for D. since
8. That was our first lesson, ____ she didn’t know all our names.
A. for B. but C. so D. or
9. ____ Saturday ____ Sunday is OK. I’ll be free in these two days.
A. Either or B. Neither nor C. Both, and D. One, the other
10. Please come ____ have dinner with us. (1998天津)
A. or B. but C. and D. so
Keys: 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. C

【模拟试题】（答题时间：40分钟）
I. 填入适当的引导词
　1. I haven’t heard from him _____ he went to America.
　2. He won’t be here _____ he is invited.
　3. He will not go to the cinema _____ he is very busy.
　4. We found the key _____ she had left it.
　5. We found the books two days ____ he had gone away.
　6. We had no sooner got to the station _____ the train left.
　7. He speaks English ______ he were an Englishman.
　8. He is explaining clearly _______ they could understand.
　9. Do not leave the room _____ you have finished the test.
　10. She sang ______ she went along.

II. 改错
　1. The children were running on the playground as fast as they can.
　2. Since her husband had died，so she had to support her family.
　3. He won’t go out until his mother will come.
　4. He was very foolish that he didn’t pass such an easy exam.
　5. Tom had gone out as soon as his mother got home.
　6. It was three months since he came to our school.
　7. The playground of our school is larger than their school.
　8. The streets in Nanjing are wider than Shanghai.
　9. Whatever there is plenty of sun and rain，the fields are green.
　10. She sings songs as if she is a bird.

III. 找出从句并指出是哪类从句
　1. It depends on whether we have enough time.
　2. The question he asked was where the electrical equipment should be stored.
　3. The mountain is no longer what it used to be.
　4. The fact that she works hard is well known to us all.
　5. He was not the man that he was before.
　6. Now you was free，why not go swimming with us？
　7. Where there are schools and colleges，there are examinations.
　8. Bad habits，once firmed，are difficult to give up.
　9. She often wears the same kind of skirt as her twin sister does.
　10. The moment he opened the window，a bird flew in.

IV. 填入适当的引导词完成句子
　1. ____ will do the experiment comes to the professor’s office.
　2. ___ will do the experiment hasn’t been decided.
　3. The teacher didn’t leave ______ twelve o’clock.
　4. ______ the day went on，the weather got worse.
　5. _____ she is young，she knows quite a lot.
　6. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.
　7. You will be late ____ you leave immediately.
　8. Go and get your coat. It’s ______ you left it.
　9. ______ is mentioned above，the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.
　10. ____ had I entered the room ____ the phone rang.

V. 改错
　1. Is this the watch for which he is looking now？
　2. This is all which I can do for you.
　3. Do you know the old man at the back of the room，whom has been chosen head of the factory.
　4. I want to know the way which you learn new words.
　5. Can you tell me that there’s a bookstore near here？
　6. Our school quite different from that it was before.
　7. If she likes the present is not clear to me.
　8. For she is ill，she hasn’t come to school.
　9. It gave him so a big shock that his face turned pale.
　10. He is cleverer than any boy in his class.

【试题答案】
I、
1. since 2. unless 3. because 4. where 5. after
6. than　　 7. as if　　 8. so that 　　 9. before　　 10. as

II、
1. can 改为could 2. 去掉so 3. will come改为 comes
4. very改为 so 5. as soon as 改为when 6. was 改为is
7. than 之后加上that of 8. than 后加 those in 9. whatever改为 wherever
10. is改为 were

III、1. whether we have enough time 介词宾语从句
　2. he asked 定语从句 where the electrical equipment should be stored表语从句
　3. what it used to be 表语从句
　4. that she works hard 同位语从句
　5. that he was before 定语从句
　6. Now you was free 让步状语从句 now= now that
　7. Where there are schools and colleges 地点状语从句
　8. once firmed 时间状语从句
　9. as her twin sister does 定语从句
　10. The moment he opened the window 时间状语从句

IV、
1. Whoever 2. Who 3. until 4. As 5. Although
6. that 7. unless 8. where 9. As
10. Hardly，when （No sooner，than）

V、
1. for 放在looking 之后 2. which 改为 that 3. whom 改为who
4. which改为 how 5. that改为 whether 6. that 改为what
7. If改为 Whether 8. For改为Because 9. so改为 such 　
10.any 后加other