九年级英语复习代词(二)人教四年制版知识精讲.doc

九年级英语复习代词（二）人教四年制版

【同步教育信息】
一. 本周教学内容：
复习代词（二）

二. 重点、难点：
（四）反身代词：
1. 反身代词的分类：反身代词是表示动作回到执行者本身或是强调代词或名词的一组代词。反身代词是由人称代词第一人称和第二人称的所有格和第三人称的宾格加“-self”或“-selves”构成的。列表如下：
数
人称
单数
复数
第一人称
myself我自己
ourselves我们自己
第二人称
yourself你自己
yourselves你们自己
第三人称
himself他自己
herself她自己
itself它自己
themselves他/她/它们自己
2. 反身代词的用法：
（1）作表语：She will be herself again in no time . 她一会儿就会好的。
That poor boy was myself . 那可怜的孩子就是我。
（2）作宾语：Did they enjoy themselves last Sunday ?
他们上个星期天玩得高兴吗？
Make yourself at home . 别客气，就像在家一样。
（3）作主语或宾语的同位语，在作同位语时，反身代词多可译为“本人（或本身）”。但有时为了加强语气，常译为“自己”或“亲自”。起强调作用时，反身代词可以放在被强调词之后，也可以放在句末。如：
Nobody taught him drawing . He learned it himself .
没有人教他绘画，他是自学的。
You’d better ask the teacher yourself（himself）.
你最好亲自问老师。（你最好问老师本人）
Our guide buys some food from the villagers and we cook it ourselves .
我们的向导从村民那里买来一些食物，我们自己烹调。
3. 习惯用法：
among ourselves / themselves在我们/他们之间；of oneself独自；to oneself供自己用；by oneself独自地，单独地；for oneself替自己，为自己；between ourselves私下说的话（不可告诉别人）call oneself自称；help oneself to随便吃；enjoy oneself过得快活；teach oneself自学；speak to oneself自言自语；lose oneself = lose one’s way迷路；make oneself understood让别人懂自己的意思；seat oneself = sit down = be seated坐下

（五）相互代词：
1. 用来表示相互关系的代词叫作相互代词。英语中的相互代词只有each other和one another两个。
宾格
属格
each other相互
each other’s相互的
one another相互
one another’s 相互的
2. 相互代词的用法：
（1）作动词的宾语：
The two girls help each other in their lessons . 这两个女孩在功课上互相帮助。
They saw each other every day . 他们每天相见。
（2）作介词的宾语：
They looked at each other . 他们互相看着。
You two should learn from each other . 你们两人应互相学习。
（3）相互代词的所有格形式只能作定语：
They looked into each other’s（one another’s）eyes for a long time .
他们彼此对视了很长时间。
They know each other’s parents . 他们都认识对方的父母。

（六）疑问代词：
1. 疑问代词是指用来构成特殊疑问句的代词。常见的有who，whom，whose，what，which。who常用作主语和表语，whom作宾语，whose，what，which可用作主语、表语、宾语或定语。疑问代词还可用来引导主语从句，表语从句和宾语从句，所以它们又可称为连接代词。疑问代词有格的变化，还有指人和指物的区别。

主格
宾格
所有格
指人
who
whom
whose
指物
what
whose
指人或物
which
whose
2. 疑问代词的用法：
（1）who，whom的用法
who只能指人，常作主语和表语，只有名词性质。在非正式英文和口语中，who可以代替whom，但介词后面要用whom；whom也指人，常用作宾语，也只有名词性质。如：
Who would you like to go with ? 你想和谁一起去？
By whom was the house built ? 这房子是谁建的？
Who（Whom）are you waiting for ? 你在等谁？
（2）whose的用法：whose和物主代词一样，具有名词和形容词的性质，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。如：
Whose is better ? 谁的好一些？
Whose room is this ? 这是谁的房间？
（3）what的用法：what表示“什么（人或物）”，可用作单数和复数，具有名词和形容词性质，作主语、宾语、表语和定语等。如：
What is happening now ? 发生什么事了？
What would you like to buy ? 你想买点什么东西？
What’s your father ? 你父亲是干什么的？
What time do you usually get up ? 你通常几点钟起床？
注意：what可用来指人的职业；what可用于感叹句；what与like连用表示“……怎么样”如：
What is your sister ? She is a doctor . 你姐姐是干什么的？她是一名医生。
What a fine day today ! 今天天气真好啊！
What is the weather like today ? 今天天气如何？
（4）which的用法：which表示“在一定范围内的哪一个（哪一些）人或物”，可用作单数和复数，具有名词和形容词性质，用作主语、定语、宾语等。如：
Which is yours ? 哪一个是你的？（主语）
Which sport do you like best ? 你最喜欢哪一项运动？（定语）
Which do you prefer , tea or coffee ? 你喜欢哪种，茶还是咖啡？（宾语）
注意：
① who，what，which作表语（指人）时的区别：who问人的身份，多指姓名、关系。What问人的职业。which问在一定范围内的人群中特指的人。
② what和which作定语时的区别：what指“什么”，“哪种”，不限制范围。which指在相当数目中的人或物中进行选择，限制在一定范围内。
③ 疑问代词作主语时，后面的谓语动词可以用单数形式，也可以用复数形式，主要看代表的人或物是单数还是复数。

（七）不定代词：不是指明代替任何特定名词（或形容词）的代词叫不定代词。
1. 常用的不定代词有：some一些（可数或不可数）；somebody某人；someone某人；something某物，某事；any一些，任何；anybody / anyone任何人；anything任何事物；no无；nobody无人；no one无一人；nothing无物；all全体，全部；both两个；neither两者都不（的）；两者中无一（的）；none全无；either任何一个；each每个；every每个；everybody / everyone每人，人人；everything每一个事物，一切；other（s）另一个（些）；another另外一个，又一个；much很多（不可数）；many很多（可数）；few很少（可数）；a few一些，几个（可数）；little很少（不可数）；a little一些（不可数）；one一个（人或物）
不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，但none和由some，any，no，every-thing，-body，-one构成的复合不定代词（如somebody等）只能作主语、宾语或表语；every和no只能作定语。
2. 常用不定代词的用法：
（1）some，any与no的辨析：
① some和any表示“一些”“某种”的意思，some通常用于肯定句，any通常用于疑问句和否定句。二者可以用作形容词，修饰可数或不可数名词。如：
You can come at any time . 你随时都可以来。
For some reason , she couldn’t come to school . 由于某种原因，她今天没能到校。
② no可用来代替not any。如：
I have no（= I haven’t any）money . 我没有钱。
There are no students in the classroom . 教室里没有学生。
③ some，any，no还和body，one，thing构成合成代词，由some构成的合成代词通常用于肯定句，由any构成的合成代词用于否定句或疑问句。这些不定代词用作主语时，动词都用第三人称单数形式。如：
Somebody will meet you . 有人会接你。
I don’t know anybody（= anyone）in his team . 我不认识他队里的任何人。
注意：
① 有时some可用在疑问句中，表示希望得到肯定的回答。如：
Could I have some paper ? 我可以拿一些纸吗？
② 这些合成不定代词被定语修饰时，定语要放在它们的后面。如：
I have something interesting to tell you . 我有些有趣的事儿告诉你。
（2）each，very与all辨析：
① each和every都表示“每一个”的意思，但each通常强调个体，指有限的数目，尤指两个中的每一个时，可用both代替；而every强调共性，指三个或三个以上的人或物中的“每一个”，有时与all接近。each可作定语，主语和宾语，every只用作定语。如：
There are trees on each side of the road . 道路两边是树。（不能用every side，但可以说both sides）
Not every man can do that kind of work .（形容词作定语）并非每个人都能做那种工作。
Each of them knows our teacher .（主语）他们中的每个人都认识我们的老师。
② 代表或修饰三个或三个以上的人物，也可以替修饰不可数的东西。作主语、表语、宾语、同位语或定语。如：
All of us like to study English .（主语）我们所有的人都喜欢学英语。
They are all students .（表语）他们都是学生。
All students are here . 同学们都到齐了。
（3）another , other与others辨析：another（另一个）= an other泛指众多中的一个，作定语时一般后面为单数名词，有时也可指几个，another前面不能用the。
other可当做形容词，作定语，而others只用作代词。如：
Would you like another cake ? 你还要一块蛋糕吗？
Have you any other pens ? 你还有别的笔吗？
Some are watching TV , others are talking . 一些人在看电视，一些人在交谈。
（4）（a）few与（a）little辨析：

很少，几乎没有（否定意义）
有几个，有一些（肯定，意义）
用于可数名词
few
a few
用于不可数名词
little
a little
注意：副词only，quite，just可以用于a few，a little之前，但不能用于few，little之前。如：
She can speak only a little French . 她只会说一点法语。
（5）either，both，neither与any，all，none辨析：

之一
都
都不
两者
either
both
neither
三者或三者以上
any
all
none
注意：either（两者中任选一个）或neither（两者都不）作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。both（两者都）作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
（6）many与much辨析：many和much都意为“许多”。二者通常用于否定句和疑问句中。many用于可数名词前，若在句中作主语，动词用复数；much常与不可数名词连用，若在句中作主语，动词用单数。
注意：much可用于比较级前，而many没有这种功能。
many =a great（good）deal of = much
（7）no，none与no one辨析：
no（没有）=not a或not any，通常用作定语，可修饰单数名词或复数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。none意为“一个也没有”，用作名词时，在句中一般作主语或宾语，用于否定意义。none代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，代替可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单/复，均可。no one（=no body）指人，意为“无人”，“没有人”，永远用单数。
注意：
① 在回答how many或how much引出的问句时，常用none来表达“一个也没有”的意思。
② 在回答“有没有……”或“谁……”的问句时，如果想回答“没有”时，用no one。
（8）one与it辨析：one（一）个，可以指人，也可指物。用来代替上文中提到的单数可数名词，以避免重复，其复数形式为ones，one兼有名词和形容词的作用，可以被this，that，the，another，which等修饰，可作主语，宾语，表语和定语，it是人称代词，可用来指代前面所提到的某个对象，其复数形式为them。如：
This coat is too small . Would you show me a bigger one ?
这件大衣太小，你能给我再拿件大点儿的吗？
There is a desk in the middle of the room . Move it away , please .
房子中间有张桌子，请把它搬了。

【模拟试题】
一. 单项选择
1. Autumn is the season summer and winter .
A. in B. before C. after D. between
2. I didn’t do during the holiday .
A. exciting anything B. anything exciting
C. something exciting D. exciting something
3. I’m still new to this subject , I have experience .
A. but B. because C. so D. or
4. — Harry , why are you crying ? — I my finger , Mum .
A. am cutting B. cut C. cuts D. cutted
5. She was marathon runner in history last year .
A. the second fast B. second fastest
C. the second fastest D. the second faster
6. — I don’t like the scales . — Why ?
 — When I’m on them , they say : “ One person , please . ”
A. at times B. all the time C. sometimes D. at a time
7. The long holiday is a good time to get some . We can go hiking（远足）, climb the hills and play basketball .
A. homework B. housework C. exercise D. shopping
8. Every year , antlers（鹿角） a deer’s head . Then they grow back .
A. give off B. take off C. put off D. fall off
9. I saw a lot of , like monkeys and tigers .
A. animals B. flowers C. movies D. museums
10. I didn’t know because it was dark .
A. what’s happened B. what was happened
C. what had happened D. happened what

二. 完型填空
I have a great biology teacher . I have smart biology classmates . But , I’m new to biology ! For days we grew yeast（酵母）in biology . My classmates were doing OK . But I thought I wasn’t very good . My work was 11 . I wrote down every little thing every day . But I always felt that I might 12 something , or write down a wrong number .
The homework two days ago changed that . It was very simple . The teacher asked us to write about how to 13 a sandwich . We wrote down everything we did . There were a lot of little things to remember ! Soon we found this was 14 . The teacher brought the things to make a sandwich . She washed her hands , and asked one student to read his paper to her . It first 15 , “ Open the jars（罐）. ” She did . “ Get a scoop（勺）of peanut butter . Spread it on to the bread . ” The teacher smiled . She opened the peanut butter 16 , and got a scoop of peanut butter . She used her 17 hand to open the bag with the bread in it . Then she spread the peanut butter onto the outside of the bread ! The peanut butter should go on the soft side of the bread , not on the hard outside ! We were all laughing . “ You forgot to say , ‘ use the knife ! ’ ” , the teacher said to the student . My paper had 18 on it , and I got an A .
Now I am not worried about biology class . I feel I am 19 , just like the others . I have been in the class for two weeks now 20 the work isn’t bad .
（ ）11. A. careless B. easy C. hard D. careful
（ ）12. A. change B. forget C. realize D. record
（ ）13. A. make B. buy C. find D. eat
（ ）14. A. difficult B. funny C. boring D. terrible
（ ）15. A. wrote B. told C. said D. spoke
（ ）16. A. box B. jar C. cup D. glass
（ ）17. A. the other B. another C. others D. other
（ ）18. A. nothing B. anything C. everything D. something
（ ）19. A. outgoing B. serious C. funny D. smart
（ ）20. A. but B. and C. or D. so

三. 阅读理解
Yellow , orange , red and green-tree leaves make autumn a colourful time ! Who paints all these colours ? It is the leaves themselves . Inside a leaf , there are millions of little colour “ bags ” . They are green , yellow and orange . The green ones are called chlorophyll（叶绿素）. They yellow ones are called xanthophyll（叶黄素）. The orange ones are carotene（胡萝卜素）.
In the summer , the green chlorophyll is very , very busy . It makes food for the tree . It catches sunlight to change water and carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）into sugar . This sugar is the food for the tree . It is so busy that it covers up all of the other colours in the leaf .
When the weather grows colder in autumn , there is less light and water for trees . The trees will have a rest and get ready for winter . They’ve made enough food in summer ! The leaves no longer need water to make food .
Without the water , the green chlorophyll starts to go away . The other colours in the leaf the yellow xanthophyll and the orange carotene-come out . So , the leaves don’t really “ turn ” a certain colour-they just lose their green !
But how about the red , purple and green leaves ?
The leaves look red or purple because they have some sugar in them . They “ steal ” some food from the tree ! The green leaves are from the evergreen trees（常绿树）. The evergreen trees stay green all year long . Their leaves don’t lose water in winter .
21. The tree leaves have the following colour “ bags ” except（除了） .
A. red B. yellow C. orange D. green
22. In the summer , the green chlorophyll .
A. leaves the tree leaves B. works hard for the tree leaves
C. steals food from the tree D. has lots of sugar in it
23. In the autumn , the tree leaves turn yellow or orange because .
A. they have enough air in them
B. the green chlorophyll is busy working
C. they have too much sugar
D. the green chlorophyll stops working and goes away
24. Which of the following is true according to the article ?
A. Tree leaves no longer make food in autumn .
B. The yellow xanthophyll makes food for the tree .
C. The evergreen trees stay green all year long because they always need food .
D. Tree leaves may look red or purple because they don’t have sugar in them .
25. We can infer（推断）from the article that .
A. tree leaves are beautiful
B. trees can clean the air
C. trees use too much water
D. sugar is food for trees

四. 根据短文及首字母填写单词
I like hiking（远足）very much because it’s good for h 26 . On October 1 I went hiking with my friends . That day the w 27 was fine . The air was clean . My friends and I c 28 up the hill . On the top of the hill we sang s 29 and had a picnic . It was a tiring（累人的）b 30 happy day .

五. 句型转换，每空填一词
31. I saw the beautiful stars . They were shining in the sky .（同义句）
I the beautiful stars in the sky .
32. Why don’t we go and see the Rainbow Bridge ?（同义句）
go and see the Rainbow Bridge ?
33. People built the tower 800 years ago .（改为被动句）
The tower 800 years ago .
34. The player has already got a deal from the club .（改为否定句）
The player got a deal from the club .
35. Many people were watching a fireworks show .（对画线部分提问）
many people doing ?

【试题答案】
一.
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. C

二.
11. D 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. C 16. B 17. D 18. C 19. D 20. B

三.
21. A 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. B

四.
26. health 27. weather 28. climbed 29. songs 30. but

五.
31. saw ; shining 32. Why not 33. was built 34. hasn’t ; yet 35. What were