中考完形填空解题技巧省名师优质课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,中考,完形填空,解题技巧,第1页,中考完形填空抛弃了传统“语法知识型”命题模式，转变成“情境能力型”命题趋势。,它一个显著特点就是突出语篇，即重在文意干扰，,把,详细语言知识,融进详细,语言情境,中去，考查学生,经过上下文对整体文意进行把握能力。,第2页,三个重视,1.,重语境,完形填空着眼于整体了解，必须在对短文大意进行了解基础上才能较准确地推知答案。所以，需要注意上下句逻辑关系以及整篇文章情节，尤其是在需要填连接性词语时更需要上下文提供线索，把自己置身于情景当中进行填空，这么才能比较顺利且有把握地捕捉到正确信息。,2.,重实词,完形填空命题是在一句话中关键词语上做文章。这种词语大多是名词、动词、形容词、副词等实词，当然也不排除能左右文章内容一些虚词，如介词、连词等。,3.,重首句,首句通常不设选项。这是因为第一句是关键句，是观察全文窗口，对熟悉语境、确定时态、推测文章大意等起着关键性作用。假如设选项，就会加大难度，影响对文章信息捕捉，使做题者陷入茫然。,第3页,一、要善于依据四个选项设置特点来进行选择,要想做好完形填空题必须一直注意对文章了解和注意上下文呼应，这是完形填空题做题标准。绝大多数完形填空题，只看单个句子，有时所提供四个选项从语法角度来看都讲得通，不过在详细语篇中只能有一个正确答案。所以，看一空做一空做法是不可取，必须从语篇角度来考虑所选答案。做题时一定要联络上下文，从字里行间寻找隐藏信息，同时要善于依据四个选项设置特点来进行选择：,第4页,二、完形填空设空规律有哪些？,从语言层次看,考点设计对把握语段要求在提升。我们能够,把考点分为三个层次，即句子层次、句群层次和语篇层次,句子层次设空,指那些只需读懂设空所在句便可选出答案题目。,第5页,二、完形填空设空规律有哪些？,2.,句群层次设空,前制性设空,后制性设空,指依据上下文内容，经过推理判断能够得到答案题目,即依据上文相关内容即可确定答案题目。,指那些需要依据下文内容才能选出正确答案,题目,/,下文某处有提醒。,第6页,二、完形填空设空规律有哪些？,前制性设空,例：,It was an English speech contest.My mother asked me to take,part in it.What a terrible idea!It meant I had to _ in front of,all the teachers and students of my school!,A.write B.speak C.sing D.dance,后制性设空,例：,1).Nobody _ him in the village.One day he said to them,“I know you dont like me”,A.believed B.liked C.hated D.knew,2).Country music comes from _ kinds of music.One is the,traditional music of tall mountain people in the eastern United,States.The other is traditional cowboy music from the American West.,A.many B.all C.two D.three,B,B,C,第7页,二、完形填空设空规律有哪些？,3.,语篇性设空,指那些需要联络全文情境、内容才能确定正确答案设空,。,第8页,依据上下文及语境推断,In New York,on a Friday night,a young artist stood at the gate of a train station.He was playing his,16,.His music was so great that many people put money into his hat.The next day,the young artist came to the same place,and played the violin as usual.,16.A.piano B.guitar C.violin D.sax,第9页,Once a king was walking around a pool with his ministers,（大臣）,.Suddenly,he came up with an idea.He asked,“How many baskets of,41,are there in the pool?”.as big as the pool,there is one basket of water,41.A.fish B.flowers C.water D.apples,one basket of water,baskets of,第10页,逻辑推理,When we talked,I discovered,（发觉）,some differences in school life between the US and China.For example,each class lasts fifty minutes in the US.It is a little,44,than that in China.We usually have forty-five minutes in each class.,44.A.shorter B.longer C.earlier D.later,fifty,forty-five,第11页,My mother often asked me,，“,What is the most important part of the body?”I thought sound was very important to us as humans,，,so I said,“,My,17,，,Mommy,”,She said,，“,No,Many people are deaf,17.A.ears B.eyes C.body D.head,sound,deaf,第12页,固定搭配,When two people are in a conversation,the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time,in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention,48,what he or she is speaking,48.A.for B.of C.with D.to,pay attention,第13页,In the morning,the king went to visit the pond.To his surprise,the pond was only filled with water!What happened?Yes!Everyone had the same idea,48,that man.,48.A.with B.to C.as D.of,the same,第14页,As a reporter,I think I will meet lots of people and I should be friendly to them.I think Ill also make many good,25,and live with them,because I dont like living alone.,25.A.friend B.friends C.friends D.friends,many,语法分析,第15页,All over the world people swim for fun.Swimming is enjoyed by people of,32,ages,from the very young to the very old.There are many places for people to swim in swimming pools.,32.A.all B.none C.some D.both,背景知识,第16页,1,、,context,（上下文、语境）,3,、,regular collocation,（固定搭配）,2,、,logic,（逻辑）,Skills of Cloze Tests,(,完形填空解题技巧,),4,、,grammar analysis,（语法分析）,5,、,background knowledge,（背景知识）,第17页,中考,阅读了解,解题技巧,第18页,主旨大意型,事实细节型,词 义 猜 测 型,命 题 类,所以相关阅读了解题目主要有以下几个:,推 理 判 断 型,第19页,一、主旨大意题,（做题要领）,1.干扰项 可能属文中某个详细事实或细节。,2.干扰项 可能属从文中一些(不完全)事实或细节片面推出错误结论。,3.干扰项 可能属非文章事实主观臆断。,(正确答案)是依据文章意思全方面了解而归纳概括出来；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。,第20页,主旨大意题,常见命题形式：,(1)Whats the main idea of the passage?,(2)This passage is mainly about.,(3)The authors purpose in writing this text is.,(4)Which of the following is the best title for the passage?,(5)Whats the topic of the text?,第21页,寻找主题句、关键词,往往是做好这类题关键。文章首尾巴段和每段主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)普通都用来表示一个段落主旨大意。,第22页,相关细节问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题普通可,直接,或,间接,在文章中找到答案。,提问特殊疑问词常有：,what,who,which,where,how,why,等。,事实细节型,解题标准,：,忠实于原文上下文及全篇逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。,第23页,细节了解和细节判断,细节题常见命题形式：,Which of the followingis True/Not True?,In the passage,which of the following is mentioned?,All of the following statements are true except,Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.,用,Where,how,who,why,how long,等引导特殊疑问句要求判断细节。,第24页,词义猜测型,解题技巧,：,1,、经过因果关系猜测词义；,2,、经过同义词和近、反义词关系猜词；,3,、经过构词法猜测词义；,4,、经过定义或释义说明来推测词义；,5,、经过描述猜测词义；,6,、用知识和生活经验猜测词义；,7,、依据上下文指代关系进行猜测。,第25页,猜测词义题,常见命题形式以下,：,1,）、,The word“”in the passage probably means_.,2,）、,What does the word“”mean_.,3,）、,The underlined(,划线,)word means_,4,）、,The close meaning of the underlined word“”is _in English.,5,）、,The word“”refers to _,第26页,推理判断题：着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。,以原文内容,为前提，据作者观点理论,（非考生观点）,，客观地对文中未显著说明现象或事例给予合理逻辑推断，做出一定解释。,推理判断型,透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。,第27页,推理判断题,（做题要领）,既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章,隐含意思,，又要求学生对作者态度、意图及文章细节发展作正确推理判断，力争从,作者角度,去考虑，不要固守自己看法或观点。,第28页,推理判断题,解题技巧：,与原文相同细节不能选,与原文有误当然要排除,文中没有出现细节不能跳出文章做推断,第29页,推理判断题,1,、推理深层含义常见命题形式以下：,We can,infer,from the passage that _,The writer,suggest,that _,From the passage,we can,learn,that _,We may,conclude,from the passage that _,From the passage,it can be,infer,red,that _,第30页,推理判断题,2,、推理作者意图、观点、态度常见命题方式以下：,The writers,purpose,in writing this story is,In the writers,opinion,a good school should,What should be the right,attitude,towards“”?,（,The writers,attitude,toward“”is,）,第31页,研究近几年中考阅读了解试题，我们不难发觉命题者越来越,重视考查学生把握全文及中心思想能力及推理判断能力,，所以相关阅读了解题目,越来越多,:,主旨大意型,推理判断型,第32页,中考,听力部分,解题技巧,第33页,1.,学会预测,预测是在做听力了解之前依据各种暗示,如所给答案选项,段落或对话标题等已经有知识，对即将听到段落或对话内容进行预测。,第34页,2.,做简明笔记,听录音时快速，准确，简明地记下相关信息,(,包含数字，人名，地名，关键词,),，前提是不要影响跟听速度，采取自己习惯符号。例：,How much will the man pay for the tickets,？,A.$18 B.$24 C.$30,原文：,W,：,Tickets for the movie are$6 for adults,half price for children.,M:All right,Id like three tickets for adults and two tickets for children,please.,笔记可简化为：,$6 A(,代表,adult),，,C,，,3A+2C,或,6 A(3)+half Chil(2),第35页,3.,听清数据，简明记下，加以运算。,在获取时间信息时，不要误把会话中提到时间简单确定为问题答案。高考听力考查时间时往往要进行简单时间换算。,At what time does the train to Leeds leave?,A.3:00 B.3:15 C.5:00,录音原文：,W,：,Excuse me,，,could you tell me when the next train to Manchester is,？,M,：,Sure.Well,，,its 3 now.The next train to Manchester leaves in 2 hours,but you can take the train to Leeds which leaves in 15 minutes,and then get off at Manchester on the way.,第36页,对话中提到了三个时间,Its 3 now,in 2 hours,in 15 minutes.,现在是,3,点，开往,Manchester,火车要两小时后才开，即,The train to Manchester leaves in 2 hours,。若简单机械地把,3,点和,2,点相加，会得出火车,5,点才开错误选项,C,。,第37页,数字类问题分区分类和计算类两种：,(1),要注意区分,-teen,和,-ty,及,four,和,five,，,under,on,发音；区分多位数，如电话号码，门牌等,(2),计算时间，年，月，日，钱款，距离，年纪,人或物数量等；听出数字间关系，更要听清问题，因为对运算方法要求通常寓于问题中；注意,more,，,less,，,as much(many)as,，,another,（,more),，,to,，,past,，,quarter,；,第38页,如出现几个数字，应注意判别问是那一个。例：,At what time does the office open?,A.At 8:15 B.At 8:30 C.At 7:45,从常识判断，办公时间往往以整点开始，而不会在几点几分。听力原文：,M,：,I wonder why the office is still not open.,W:But its not yet eight.In fact,its only a quarter to eight.,第39页,对于简短对话，要依据问题类型，从第二个讲话者答语中来捕捉关键词,如：,Whats the man going to do?A.Run to the airport.,B.Wait for another bus.C.Hurry to get the next bus.,依据选项看，对话似乎与,bus,相关，主要信息捕捉范围是在“,Hurry”,或“,Run”,和“,Wait”,之间。听音范围显著缩小。录音原文,M,：,Excuse me,，,can you tell me when the next bus leave for the airport,？,W,：,It leaves in three minutes.If you run,you might catch it.,关键词“,run”,和“,catch”,恰好对上答案,C,“,Hurry”,和“,get”,。,第40页,短文了解题：,听短文要注意听大意，要善于捕捉整体信息，切莫一个词一个词地听，也不要听一句就翻译一句，更无须因一个词或一个短语没听懂就停步不前，一定要带着短文后要求和指令去听。听短文通常是结构紧凑故事，,选取大多是围绕,who,when,where,what,how,或,why,所设问题,。,所以，在听时候应紧紧围绕选项内容作些速记，记下,关键词语,，理清线索，抓好前后联络，最终才准确作出答案。,第41页,4.,果断选题，学会放弃,相信第一感觉，当机立断，决不能反重复复，甚至影响后面答题切记不可因某个小题未听懂而患得患失，不可因一题失多题，造成一步跟不上，步步踏空结果。,第42页,注意做题方法。,在做听力题时，一定要做到听前先把听力试卷全部看一遍，尤其是听对话和听短文这两种类型，以大约掌握主题内容，缩小听力范围；听第一遍时，不要急于做答，应仔细把全文听完，尽可能弄明白文章在讲什么；听第二遍过程中，能够适当地做一些统计，如：时间、地点、数字、人物、天气等等，同时把可能正确答案做上记号，检验查对。,第43页,总之，听力部分解题技巧能够总结以下：,1,、考生心理素质尤为主要，要有自信心，从容冷静，静心收听，注意力要集中。,2,、在做题前一定要快速浏览一遍题目和选项，方便听时有所侧重；,3,、将没听清楚词或句子放过去，不要影响了下一道题；,4,、在测试过程中要有主动、主动、有意识、有选择去听；,第44页,尤其需要注意,是，在有时候，同学们还要从整个对话中了解讲话人,“弦外之音”,，尤其要注意听清转折和让步，把握说话人真实含义。,第45页,