2018年中考英语专题复习：宾语从句.doc

中考英语专项复习——宾语从句
【宾语从句命题】
中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：
1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择； 2. 宾语从句的语序； 3. 宾语从句的时态。
【考点诠释】
       宾语从句在初中英语语法中有着相当重要的地位，几乎每年的中考都有对宾语从句不同角度的考查。其考查的重点一般都集中在以下几个方面：
一、连接词
宾语从句的连接词分为三类：
1. 引导陈述句用纯连接词that（在口语或非正式文体中常常省略）。
2. 引导一般疑问句用if或whether，句中翻译为“是否”。
注意：下列几种情况通常使用whether：（1）在具有选择意义又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether；（2）在介词之后用whether；（3）在不定式前用whether等。
3. 引导特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词。（连接代词和连接副词，“黄金搭档”原则）
一Excuse me，could you tell me__________?
——There's a bank on the second floor．You can make it there．[黄冈市]
A where I can change money B how I can get to the bank
C if there's a bank near here D．where the bank is
二、语序
       在含宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句一律是用“连接词＋陈述句语序”，其标点符号由主句来决定。
 1．--Do you know ______________now?
一In the People's Hotel．[北京市]
A where is Tom working B where did Tom work
C．where Tom is working D．where Tom worked
三、时态
1. 如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的时态可视情况使用任何一种相关的时态。
2. 如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，宾语从句必须使用过去相应的某一种时态。
3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句是用什么时态，从句时态习惯上都用一般现在时。
4. 情态动词could / would用于“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句时态不受主句的约束。
 Excuse me, could you tell me when __the new Olympic Center? [沈阳市]
A． are we visited B will we visit C we are visited D we will visit
----Could you tell me whom the radio _________by?
一Sorry，I have no idea．[福州市]
A． invents B invented C is invented D．was invented
（河北）I didn’t understand __________, so I raised my hand to ask..
 A. what my teacher says   B. what does my teacher say
 C. what my teacher said   D. what did my teacher say
四、否定转移
       当宾语从句表示否定的意义时，若主句主语为第一人称且谓语动词是think / believe / suppose / expect等时，应在主句上加以否定。
五、简化
       宾语从句在一定条件下，可以简化为“特殊疑问词+不定式”、“it +形容词+不定式短语”、复合宾语、动词不定式（名词、动名词、形容词或副词、过去分词）短语、名词和过去分词等。
I don’t know what I should do with the letter. （改为简单句）（山东烟台）
I don’t know what ___________ ___________ with the letter.
      六、注意点
       if / when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if / when引导宾语从句时，意思分别为“是否”和“何时”，此时它们的时态根据具体情况而定。if和when引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果”和“当……的时候”，此时如果主句是一般将来时，从句部分则用一般现在时。
七、综合考查
--Did Mr White tell you________-?
--Yes. He said he went there in 2013. [福州市]
A. when he traveled to Tibet B. how he goes to Wuhan
C. Where he spent his holidays D. why did he visit Kunming
【语法回顾】
宾语从句
宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.他说他想呆在家里。
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.她不知道她病得很严重。
I am sure (that) he will succeed.我确信他会成功。
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? 你知道他们在等谁吗？
He asked whose handwriting was the best.他问谁的书法最好。
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? 你能告诉我3路公共汽车站在哪儿吗？
I don’t know why the train is late.我不知道火车为什么晚了。
I can't imagine why he did that thing．我不能想像他为什么做了那件事。
Do you know why we have put off the sports meet till next month? 你知道我们为什么把运动会推迟到下个月吗?
以上两个例句的宾语从句相当于一个特殊疑问句，分别为：why did he do that thing?和Why have you put off the sports meet till next month?由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序，故而在从句中它变成了陈述语序。请看下列两
组句子：
How much does this coat cost? 这件衣服值多少钱?
I want to know how much this coat costs．我想知道这件衣服值多少钱。
Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去哪儿了?
Please tell me where you went yesterday．请告诉我你昨天去哪儿了。
当疑问代词what，who在特殊疑问句中做主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来做宾语时，语序不需要调整。
What's wrong with you? 怎么了?
He asked the girl what was wrong with her．他问这个女孩怎么回事了。
What's the matter? 怎么了?
He asked the girl what was the matter．他问这个女孩怎么了。
What has happened to him? 他发生什么事了?
We want to know what has happened to him．我们想知道他发生了什么事。
同类句式还有：Who broke the window? 谁打破的窗户?
Who is in the classroom? 谁在教室里?
What made him so angry．什么使得他如此生气。
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。表示“是否”，二者通常可以互换。例如：
Lily asked if/whether she liked it.莉莉问她是否喜欢它。
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.我想知道他是否住在这儿。
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.他问我是否可以帮助他。
但语义有点区别：
1）whether强调犹豫和选择，多见于书面语中；if 只限于条件，常用于口语。例如：
Write and tell me whether I'm to come. 请写信告诉我，我是否该来。
Write and tell me if I'm to come. 如果我该来，请写信告诉我（相当于说：若我不必来，那就不用费心写信给我了。）
2）whether可引导各种名词性从名和让步状语从句，if 只能引导宾语从句和条件状语从句。由if引导的从
句，首先要弄清楚是宾语从句，还是条件状语从句，然后再确定时态。若是引导条件状语从句，谓语动词应用一般现在（过去）时代替一般将来（过去将来）时。例如：
If you don't go soon, you’ll be late.如果你不马上去就会迟到。
当if引导一个非真实条件句时，从句的谓语动词应用过去式（如果是be, 则不论主语的人称和数，一律用were）,主句谓语动词用“would+动词原形”。例如：
If everyone in the country knew first aid, many lives would be saved.如果每个国民都懂得急救（的知识），许多生命就会得以挽救。
3）whether和if都可以与or no连用。但if与or not之间常需要用词语隔开，而whether与or not可连用，也可隔开。例如：
Can you tell me whether or not the train has left?(=Can you tell me whether the train has left or not?)你能告诉我火车是否离开了吗?
I don't care if your car breaks down or not .我不在乎你的汽车是否坏了。
4）下列情况，只用whether作引导词：
引导主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句、让步状语从句。例如：
Whether he comes or not doesn't concern me.他来不来与我无关。
I am in doubt whether I ought to give this plan my approval..我决定不了是否该同意这项计划。
What I want to know is whether you can help me.我想知道的是你是否能帮助我。
Whether we go or stay, the result is the same.不管我们是走还是留，其结果是一样的。
5）与不定式连用：例如：
I don't know whether to accept or refuse.我不知道是该接受还是该拒绝。
6）在介词后作介宾。例如：
I am not interested in whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢那项计划。
4．think，believe，suppose，imagine，guess等表示“认为”、“猜想”等的动词后的宾语从句
1）否定转移
在以上动词之后的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定含义，却不用否定形式，而把主句中的上述动词变为否定形式，这就叫否定转移。
I don't think the book is worth buying．我认为这本书不值得买。
I don't believe they have finished their work．我相信他们并未完成他们的工作。
I don't suppose he cares．我猜想他们不会介意的。
We don't expect they will have everything done．我们希望他们没有把事全做完。
2）存在这种否定转移现象的句了在作反意疑问句时，具有如下特点：
在宾语从句中，如果主句的谓语动词是think，believe，suppose，imagine，guess等，主句主语是第一人称以外的人称时，反意疑问句应针对主句。
You don't think he can finish his work, do you? 你认为他不能完成他的工作，是吗?
He doesn't believe that we have come back，does he? 他认为我们还没回来呢，是吗?
但是如果主句主语是第一人称时，反意疑问词部分的主语和时态要与宾语从句保持一致，并注意否定转移。
I don't think you are an actor，are you? 我认为你不是一个演员，是吗?
I suppose you have been to Beijing，haven't you ?我想你去过北京。是吗?
另外，当think ，suppose，believe，imaging，guess这类表示“认为”、“猜想”的动词作主句谓语时，常会出现一种以疑问词起头的双重疑问句。
What do you think he is? 你认为他是做什么的?
How much time do you suppose I must spend on it? 你认为我得花多少时间来做这件事?
二. 宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：
I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.我听说物理不容易。
I think (that) you will like this school soon.我认为你不久会喜欢这所学校。
Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? 你能告诉我怎么到动物园吗？
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.请告诉我我们什么时候开会。
三. 宾语从句的时态
1．若主句为一般现在时或一般将来时，则从句的时态不限可视句子意义使用所需要的任何时态。例如：
We all know chicken can't swim.我们都知道鸡不会游泳。
Don't you think Jim is speaking too quick.难道你不认为吉姆讲的太快了吗？
He says he will come back.他说他会回来。
2．若主句是祈使句，从句谓语动词也可用所需要的任何时态。例如：
Show me which picture is yours.让我看看哪张照片是你的。
Please tell us where we will go.请告诉我要去哪里。
3．若主句是一般过去时，从句必须用过去时态的某一种。例如：
I knew she had swept the floor already.我知道她已经扫过地了。
He asked if I was doing my homework this time yesterday.他问我昨天这个时候是否在做作业。
4．若从句叙述的是客观真理、自然现象或永恒不变的规律时，则不受主句时态的限制，仍用一般现在时。例如：
Our teacher told us light travels much faster than sound.老师告诉我们光传播的速度比声音快得多。
They knew the sun is much bigger than the earth then.他们那时就知道太阳比地球大得多，
He said that one and one makes two.他说一加一等于二。
【中考真题】
1.—I wonder ____________ at 8:00 last night?
—I was watching NBA.
A. What were you doing B. What did you do C .what you were doing D. What are you doing
2.I don't remember____________ the book yesterday.
A. where I put B. where did I put C. where will I put D. where l will put
3.—I don’t know _____.
---Because he has to look after his mother.
A. why he is leaving B. why is he leaving C. whether he is leaving D. whether is he leaving
4.I didn’t understand _____. So I raised my hand to ask
A. what my teacher says B. what my teacher say C. what my teacher said
5. They wonder ________robots will make humans lose their jobs or not
A. that B. if C. whether
6.Can you tell me ______?
A. how much is the red sweater B. how much the red sweater is
C .what’s the price of the red sweater D. how many the red sweater is
7. —Excuse me, Could you tell ?
—Yes. Go along this street and you will find it on your left.
A. where is the museum B. which is the way to the museum
C. how far is the museum D. how can I get to the museum
8. I don ' t know .
A. where she comes from . B. how old is she C. When was she born ?
9.---Could you tell me_______?
---At nine o’clock, in ten minutes.
A. how will he leave B. when he has left C. why he is leaving D. when he will leave
10.The woman asked the policeman where _______.
A .the post office is B. was the post office C. is the post office D.the post office was
11.----Could you tell me ________?
----At the end of July.
A. how often he heard from his pen pal B. how soon he will be here
C. that he went on vacation D. when you will start your vacation
12.Could you tell me ______ a meeting in Guangzhou next week?
A. if there was going to be B. if there is going to be
C. whether is there going to be D. whether there is going to have
13. —I’m hungry now. Could you please tell me ______?
—Sure. Follow me, please.
A. where there’s a good place to have fun B. the way to the post office
C. where I can get a dictionary D. where there’s a good place to eat
14. —Bob, please tell me .
—In South Hill School.
A. where will the match be held B. where the match will be held
C. when will the match be held D. when the match will be held
15. — Did the radio say ________?
—Yes, from Hunan.
A. how the bad rice came B. where the bad rice came from
C. how did the bad rice come D. where did the bad rice come from
16. —Excuse me. Can you tell me ?
—At about 8 o’clock, sir.
A. what time the plane will reach Beijing B. what time will the plane arrive in Beijing
C. what time the plane will arrive Beijing D. what time will the plane get to Beijing
17. －Please tell me the scarf?
－She bought it online, I guess.
A.if Alice liked B.when Alice bought C.where Alice bought D.how much did Alice pay for
18.—Could you please tell me________?
—They’re over there.
A. where are the restrooms B. where were the restrooms
C. where the restrooms are D. where the restrooms were
19.---How soon will you start your journey?
----I’m not sure. I haven’t decided ______.
A when shall I ask the boss for leave B where I will go to spend the holiday
C whether I would go by train or by plane D who could invite me to go
20.---I wonder when _____ be held.
---If it _____, we’ll have it next Monday.
A. the sports meeting will; doesn’t rain B. will the sports meeting; doesn’t rain
C. the sports meeting will; will not rain
21. Alice interviewed some people and asked them about ___ on Father's Day .
A. what they do B. what they did. C. what they will do .
22. Do you know _____I saw yesterday? It was my favorite star, Jackie!
A. whom B. when C. where D. how
23.—How long does it take to get to the airport?
—Forty minutes. But it’s foggy today. I’m not sure the highway will closes soon.
Let’s set off earlier.
A. whether B. when C. how D. why
24. If you can’t find the place, I will show you _______.
A. what it is B. what it was C. where it is D. where it was
25. — Could you tell me _______in your hometown in winter?
— Sure.
A. whether does it often snow B. whether it often snows
C. if it often snow D. if does it snow
26. Teenagers with working experiences know more clearly ________ they will be in the future.
A. who B. why C. where D. what
27. —Someone is knocking at the door, dad!
—Go and see ________.
A. who is it B. who it is C. who was it D. who it was
28.---Could you please tell me _____?
----Yes. There is one on Center Street.
A. where can I buy some stamps B. when you will take your vacation
C. when was the telephone invented D. if there are any good restaurants around here
29. ¾ Could you tell me ______?
¾ This way, please.
A. where are the special shoes B. where the special shoes are
C. where will be the special shoes
30.People in Yancheng are proud of ____they have achieved in the past thirty years.
A. how B. which C. what D. when
31. —Could you please tell me _________________ ?
—She is under the big tree over there .
A. where is Miss Zhou B.where was Miss Zhou
C. where Miss Zhou was D. where Miss Zhou is
32. —Could you tell me ? I'm going to pick you up at the airport.
—At 15:45 this Friday.
A. where you met me B. who you are coming with
C. when you came here D. what time you are arriving
33. You can use English or Chinese ________ you travel in Singapore.
A. whether B. whatever C. where D. if
34. ---- Would you please tell me _______?
----Yes. There’s a bank over there.
A. When can I exchange money B. where can I exchange money
C. when I can exchange money D. where I can exchange money
35. – Do you know __________ ?
– Next year.
A. when he moved to Shanghai
B. when he will move to Shanghai
C. when will he move to Shanghai
36. – I wonder .
-- Shandong Province.
A. when will Peng Liyuan come B. where Peng Liyuan is from
C. where Peng Liyuan came from D. how Peng Liyuan will come
37.---Could you tell me_________?
---More than a year.
A. how soon will Yangzhou-Taizhou Airport be built
B. how long has Yangzhou-Taizhou Airport been in service
C. how soon Yangzhou-Taizhou Airport will be built
D. how long Yangzhou-Taizhou Airport has been in service
38.—I want to know ______ .
---Sorry. I’ve no idea. But she was here just now.
A. where is Ann B. where Ann is C. where was Ann D. where Ann was
39. — Would you like to tell me __________________________?
— Sure. Practice makes perfect.
A. how can I study English well B. why do you learn English well
C. how I can study English well D. why I learn English well
40.Could you tell me ______ the cool T-shirt?
A. where you buy B. where do you buy
C. where did you buy D. where you bought