选词填空的解题技巧市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,新四级选词填空高分攻略,第1页,第1页,简明简介,依据六月最新四级考试，新题型除了增长“快速阅读”，老式阅读(仔细阅读)也被分成两个部分。一是选词填空；二是常规阅读(也就是老式上我们最熟悉四选一)。,新四级阅读理解中Section A 是选词填空(banked cloze)，要求从15个选项中选出10个，填入一篇短文。除了部分借鉴了雅思阅读中摘要填空summary之外，这种题主要是脱胎于老式完型填空(multiple-choice cloze)。,第2页,第2页,与老式完型填空比较：,字数：完型填空不低于,250,个字（尽管样题是,210,个字），选词填空却不会超出,220,个字。,题材：相称。无非社会、科普之类。,难度：两者都比另外两篇仔细阅读简朴得多，也都是考察考生,总体把握全文和依据上下文猜词能力,。但是完型给出四个选项词性相同，词义靠近，考生不必思考词性问题，只需分辨词义即可，相对简朴一些。,而选词填空,15,个待选词不但难于完型四个选项，并且分成,名词、动词、形容词、副词四大类,。,第3页,第3页,解题环节,你手上,时间,：,7,分钟,=25 18,（,18,分钟留给,Section B,两篇常规阅读，一篇,9,分钟。也可一篇,10,分钟。但选词填空题还是要给出,7,分钟，时间不够去挤底下,cloze,）,第一步：通读全文,read through (1,分钟,)(,可省略,),第二步：整理选项,classify the options(1,分钟,),第三步：选词填空,fill in the gaps(4,分钟,),(,第一、二顺序可颠倒,),第4页,第4页,第一步：通读全文,read through (1,分钟,),略读skim 和通读区分：通读全文是用较快速度，一行一行地读，目标是把握最少90%文章内容。而略读是只挑首尾句和连接词，跳着读，只了解10%内容。,和完型不同，选词填空后面选项词义互不关联，词性也不同，而且还有5个干扰项，切不可先看选项，乱了脑子，自食先入为主恶果。一定要先了解文章大意，带着文章脉络去找选项。因此，务必先沉着地把文章读一遍，尤其注意gap 前后位置，为寻找正确选项打下铺垫。,第5页,第5页,提醒：通读,:,花,5,秒钟把短文各个自然段段首扫一遍。,比如样题各段是这样开头：,When Roberto Feliz came to the USA,Then Mrs.Malave,a bilingual educator,began to work with him,Today,he is a _ doctor,run his own clinic,Robertos story is just one of _ success stories.,一眼就能看出短文主要内容：,Roberto,这大哥开始不行，伴随时间推移（,When Then Today,）以后在别人帮助下成功,(success stories),了。心里有了底，再读文章就轻松多了。,提醒：,Banked cloze,短文（,text,）第一句是不允许出题，它对全文起概括、提醒作用。因此，一定要认真看懂第一句。,第6页,第6页,第二步：整理选项,classify the options(1,分钟,),标出,15,个选项词性,(parts of speech),。当前四级考试只考实词（,notional words,）中四种：,名词,n,做主语和宾语,动词,v,做谓语，形容词,adj,做定语，副词,adv,做状语,。不考代词,pron,和数词,num,；也不考虚词,form words,（冠词,art,介词,prep,连词,conj,感慨词,interj,）,四种实词中，每种词性约考,2-4,个。,第7页,第7页,把十五个选项按词性分别归入名词、动词、形容词、副词等类别。辨性要注意下面几点。,1.,动词还要两分，那就是谓语和非谓语动词。所谓非谓语动词，就是,-ing,-ed,to do,型，其它都是谓语动词。但,-ed,型有两种也许性，无法拟定要先打问号。,2.,记不得，看后缀。有构词法中，前缀管意思，后缀管词性。因此看一个词尾巴，往往能大体分出词性。,3.,分不出，词性不一定无法拟定，暂时搁置。,4.,作出相应标识。可直接用自己最清楚符号清楚标在每个词前后。不清楚都标问号。,第8页,第8页,标词性时切入点是后缀,suffix,，也就是词尾。大家应当知道，以,ion,age,ness,ty,ship,ace,ance,ancy,ence,ency,dom,itude,um,mony,结尾大都是名词；以,ize,ise,fy,结尾大都是动词；以,ive,ent,ant,ful,ous,able,ary,ic,cal,less,结尾是大都是形容词；以,ly,s,ways,wise,结尾大都是副词。,第9页,第9页,注意两个问题：一，有词，做名词和做动词都很常见，没有上下文不好判断，比如,display,concern,challenge.,这时两个都要标出来。,二，以,ing,ed,结尾词既也许是动词，也也许是分词转变而来形容词，如,holding,做动词：,Shes holding her mothers hand.,做形容词：,holding company(,控股公司,),；再如样题中,acquired,做动词：,academic skills he acquired.,做形容词：,a newly acquired jacket(,新买夹克,),。,这时两种词性都标出来，但是普通分词做形容词情况是很少。,第10页,第10页,注意：所谓“尽也许辨性”一是要穷尽一切方法。即使从没见过，也想方法看能否判断其词性，这也是阅读中要旨。词性质有时比词义还主要。第二是尽也许辨了就行，不一定每个都能辨出来。词性质并不总是固定，有些不认识又没其它方法，可先搁置。,第11页,第11页,真题为例，其选项下列：,A)estimate,；,B)strength,；,C)deliberately,；,D)notify,；,E)tropical,；,F)phenomenon,；,G)stable,；,H)attraction,；,I)completely,；,J)destructive,；,K)starvation,；,L)bringing,；,M)exhaustion,；,N)worth,；,O)strike,名词：,B,F,H,K,M(B,后缀,th,H,、,K,、,M,tion,都是名词后缀,),谓语动词：,A,D,O(-ate,极也许是动词，,fy,为动词后缀,),非谓语动词：,L(-ing,结尾,),形容词：,E,G,J,N(E,-cal,G,able,J,tive,是形容词后缀,),副词：,C,和,I(ly,加在形容词后为副词后缀,),第12页,第12页,第三步：选词填空,fill in the gaps(4,分钟,),1.,依据语法拟定词性,调动语法知识，先拟定单词词性，再去后面,list,中找同一词类选项，挑出正确答案。,2.,依据上下文拟定词义。答案就在周围。空白处前后会有一些暗示。,1.,依据语法拟定词性,动词确实定：动词最容易拟定，由于一个句子没有动词就等于没有谓语，是很明显缺点。,a,）前后都是名词短语，中间普通为动词（时态看前后文）,b),一个句子有且只有一个谓语动词,c,）一个完整句子之后再跟逗号，后面普通是非谓语动词短语,(,有时也也许是形容词短语,),第13页,第13页,名词确实定：,a.,名词主要做主语、宾语。,b.,形容词或名词都能够修饰名词,例：,thunder storms,a woman worker,c.,限定词（,the,this,that,a,my,之类）后必有名词,d.,谓语动词前必有名词或名词性质主语,e.,介词后面通常有名词（有时是,v-ing,）,第14页,第14页,形容词确实定：,1,名词前面。真题：,women are,potential,customers.,2,副词后面。真题：,El Nino brought the most,destructive,weather in modern history.,第15页,第15页,副词确实定：,1,动词附近（指前面或后面）。,样题：,students,consistently,outperform their peers,真题：,jobs that used to be done,primarily,by women,2,形容词前面。真题：,but they are still not,completely,sure what leads to it,3,句子前面。如：,Not,surprisingly,the jury found them both guilty.,第16页,第16页,样题举例：,1,When Roberto he knew,only a few,wordssoon became a _ came home,in tears,.,都让他流泪了，必定是个贬义词（,nightmare,）。,2,Robertos story is just,one,of _ success stories.,反向对比：,one,对,countless,，一对多。,3,now has,dropout rates,that are less than half the state average and college _ rates of more than 90%.,反向对比：,dropout,对,acceptance,，休学率对入学率。,第17页,第17页,真题举例：,1 the income gives them new independence and buying power.For example,women now _ about half of all cars.正向并列：buying 同义词暗示 purchase.（12月）,2 The hot,humid air over the ocean causes sever _ thunderstorms.正向并列：hot,humid 同义词暗示tropical.（6月）,3other parts face drought,poor crops and _.正向并列：poor crops 同义词暗示 starvation；欠收自然造成饥荒。（6月）,第18页,第18页,附录：四级惯用后缀,1.,名词后缀,1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:,做某件事情或职业人或物：,worker,debtor,2)-acy,表示“性质，状态，境遇”,democracy,accuracy,diplomacy,3)-ance,-ence,表示“性质，情况，行为，过程，总量，程度”,importance,diligence,difference,obedience,4)-ancy,-ency,表示“性质，状态，行为，过程”,frequency,urgency,efficiency,5)-bility,表示“动作，性质，状态”,possibility,flexibility,feasibility,第19页,第19页,6)-dom,表示“等级，领域，状态”,freedom,kingdom,wisdom,7)-hood,表示,资格，身份,年龄，状态,childhood,manhood,falsehood,8)-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition,表示“行为过程，结果，情况”,action,solution,conclusion,destruction,expression,correction,9)-ism,表示“制度，主义，学说，信奉，行为”,socialism,criticism,colloquialism,heroism,10)-ity,表示“性质，状态，程度”,purity,reality,ability,calamity,第20页,第20页,11)-ment,表示“行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果”,treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument,12)-ness,表示“性质，状态，程度”,goodness,kindness,tiredness,friendliness,13)-ship,表示“情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业”,hardship,membership,friendship,14)-th,表示“动作，性质，过程，状态”,depth,wealth,truth,length,growth,15)-tude,表示“性质，状态，程度”,latitude,altitude(,海拔,),第21页,第21页,16)-ure,表示“行为，结果”,exposure,pressure,failure,procedure(,手续,),，,17-grapy,表示“,学，写法”,biography,calligraphy,geography,18)-ic,ics,表示“,学,法”,logic,mechanics,electronics,linguistics,19)-ology,表示“,学,论”,biology,zoology,technology(,工艺学,),20)-nomy,表示“,学,术”,astronomy,economy,bionomy(,生态学,),第22页,第22页,2.,形容词后缀,(1),带有“属性，倾向，相关”含义,1)-able,-ible,visible,flexible,2),名词,-ish,foolish,bookish,selfish(,注意,accomplish,vanish,是动词,),3)-ive,active,sensitive,productive,4)-like,manlike,childlike,5),名词,-ly,manly,fatherly,scholarly,motherly,第23页,第23页,6)-some,troublesome,handsome,7)-ful,beautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful,8)-ous,dangerous,generous,courageous,various,9)-ent,violent,10)-most,foremost,topmost,(11)less,表示否认，,countless,stainless,wireless,第24页,第24页,3.,动词后缀,1)-ize,ise,表示“做成，变成，,化”,modernize,mechanize,democratize,organize,2)-en,表示“使成为，引起，使有”,quicken,weaken,soften,harden,3)-fy,表示“使,化,使成”,beautify,purify,intensify,signify,simplify,4)-ish,表示“使，令”,finish,abolish,diminish,establish,5)-ate,表示“成为,，处理，作用”,separate,operate,indicate,第25页,第25页,4.,副词后缀,(,形容词,)-ly,：,badbadly,坏地,/,恶劣地，,carefulcarefully,小心地,-wise,：,clockclockwise(a./adv.),顺时针方向,(,地,),；,likelikewise,同样地,-wards,：,outoutwards,向外面地，,northnorthwards,向北方地,第26页,第26页,06,四级真题,Years ago,doctors often said that pain was a normal part of life.In particular,when older patients,_47_,of pain,they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it.Times have changed.Today,we take pain,_48_,.Indeed,pain is now considered the fifth vital sign,as important as blood pressure,temperature,breathing rate and pulse in,_49_,a persons well-being.We know that,chronic,(,慢性,)pain can,disrupt,(,扰乱,)a persons life,causing problems that,_50_,from missed work to depression.,第27页,第27页,Thats why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who,_51_,in pain medicine.Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain,which can help us treat the pain better,but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and social,_52_,related to chronic pain.Such comprehensive therapy often,_53_,the work of social workers,psychiatrists,(,心理医生,)and psychologists,as well as specialists in pain medicine.,第28页,第28页,This modern,_54_,for pain management has led to a wealth of innovative treatments which are more effective and with fewer side effects than ever before.Decades ago,there were only a,_55_,number of drugs available,and many of them caused,_56_,side effects in older people,including dizziness and fatigue.This created a double-edged sword:the medications helped relieve the pain but caused other problems that could be worse than the pain itself.,第29页,第29页,A)resultB)involvesC)significantD)rangeE)relievedF)issuesG)seriouslyH)magnificentI)determiningJ)limitedK)gravelyL)complainedM)respectN)promptingO)specialize,第30页,第30页,标识词性,名词（,n.,）、动词（,v.,vt.,vi.,）、形容词（,a.,）、副词（,ad.,）,A)result v/n B)involves v+s,C)significant a.D)range v/n,E)relieved v+ed,/a.F)issues n,/v+sG)seriously ad.H)magnificent a.I)determining v.ing/a.,J)limited v+ed,/a.K)gravely ad.L)complained v+edM)respect v/nN)prompting v.ingO)specialize v.,第31页,第31页,