英语阅读理解解题技巧市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,细节类问题命题方式有下列几种：,1)Which of the following is NOT true according to the information,in the passage?,2)The author mentions all of the following except.,3)Which of the following statements is correct according to the,passage?,4)The writer mentions all of the items listed below except _.,5)Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?,6)What is the example of.as described in the passage?,7)The reason for.is.,8)According to the passage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.).,9)From the passage we know that _.,10)In the passage,the author states that _.,分析题干能力,第1页,第1页,1、是非题出题形式：,a.三正一误：,Which of the following is true except?Which of the following is mentioned except,b.三误一正：,Which of the following is true?,这种做题办法主要与三正一误下列问法相联系：,Which of the following mentioned except Which of the following is not mentioned?,这种问题正确选项所包括信息通常连续出现在同一段，并且往往无列举标志词，如first，second，third等。做题时只需阅读相关段落，依据一个选项中关键词在其前后找其它两个正确先项，剩余一个原文中未提到，为正确答案。,分析题干能力,第2页,第2页,2、例证题,例子为高考阅读理解常见考点之一，这类题基本结构为:,The author provides in line(或Paragraph)an example in order to,意思是问文中举出某现象或例子目的。,文章中举出一些例子无非是为了阐明一定道理。关键在于这个例子在原文出现位置，但无论如何，这个例子之前或之后不远处通常都有一句总结阐明性话，这句话就是答案，即举例目的。假如例子与全文主题相关，则例证主题，答案为主题句。假如例子与段落主题相关，就例证段落主题，则答案为段落主题句；另外，答案为例子前后总结阐明性话。,分析题干能力,第3页,第3页,3、年代与数字:这个考点有几种出题方式，但无论以何种形式出现，只要题干问年代与数字，答案就相应于文章中年代与数字。,4、比较:比较考点表现形式主要有：,a.比较级与含有比较意义词汇手段和句型结构；b.表示绝对意义字眼：,first(第一)，least(最不)，most(最)等；c.表示惟一性词汇：only,unique等；阅读最好能圈出表示最高级、惟一性和绝对意义词汇，便于做题时回原文定位。,分析题干能力,第4页,第4页,5、原因：,这种题答案在原文通常有一些表示因果关系词汇手段提醒：,result,reason;,result in(结果)，result from(由于，,baseon(以为基础)，be due to(由于)；,because,for,why;,as a result,consequently等。,阅读时对这些提醒词应当予以注意。原文相关句出现格式都是先说原因，后说结果，而在题干中通常给出结果，就其原因提问。,分析题干能力,第5页,第5页,主旨大意题提问方式有下列几种：,1）The,general,/main,idea of the passage is about _,2）Which of the following,best,states the theme of the passage？,3）In this passage the author discusses,primarily,_,4）The passage is,mostly,about _,5）The passage is,mainly,concerned about _,6）What is,the main topic,of the passage？,7）What is,the best title,for the passage？,8,）,The subject,discussed in this text is _,9）The authors,main purpose,in writing the passage is to,10）The passage,is meant to,.,11）,The,purpose of,this article is to,分析题干能力,第6页,第6页,在解主题大意时，以下方法可供参考。,1.认真阅读文章第一段或每段第一个句子。,2.文章主题作者往往故意识地重复叙述。抓住重复出现中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。（全国卷1（河南等）E篇中major出现过八次，尽管其词性、词义有所不同，但它就是关键词）。,3.文章或段落主题句经常会出现在一些标志性提醒后。,比如：On the whole,in short,therefore,I agree with the opinion that,Given all these points above,I would support the idea that,For all the reasons mentioned above,I would prefer,掌握了找主题句方法，就能够依据主题句归纳主题。但归纳主题容易出现以下三种错误，需要同学们注意。,1以偏概全。即只抓住了主题一个侧面就误认为是主题。,2过于笼统。即归纳主题太泛，与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证。,3把观点强加给作者。读者往往依据自己常识对文章进行判断而忽略了作者看法。,分析题干能力,第7页,第7页,如何寻找主题句,Sample 1,People have different tastes in food.Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat.Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal.Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti,eggplant,and fresh fruit.Others could live on what were called fast-foods:a hamburger or hot dog,French fries and a soft drink.,（1）主题句在段首,一个主题句经常是一个段落开头，其后句子则是论证性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。,第8页,第8页,Sample 2,Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do.Others prefer to be left to work on their own.Still others like a democratic discussion type of class.No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.,（,2）主题句也会出现在段尾。,作者先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证,最后自然得出结论,即段落主题。本段中心思想在结尾句得到表达,它是此段内容结论。,第9页,第9页,Sample 3,Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat.Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark.In fact,the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations.Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand.,A,camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.,（,3）在短文中间,当主题句被安排在段中间时,通常前面只提出问题，文中主题由随之陈说细节或合乎逻辑引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步解释,支撑或发展.,return,第10页,第10页,相关推理试题经常包括下列类型：,1)It can be,inferred,from the text that _.,2)From the text we know that _.,3)The story,implies,that _.,4)The paragraph following the passage will most probably be _.,5)The writers,attitude toward,.is _.,6)The author,implied（suggested）,that,7)It may be,concluded,from the passage that,8)Which of the following statements does the passage,support,？,9),With,which of the following does the author,agree,？,分析题干能力,第11页,第11页,考作者观点态度提问方式有：,1)The author seems to think that _.2)The writer is trying to present a point of view in _.3)The author wants to appeal to _.4)The authors style is _.5)The authors tone would be best described as _.6)What is the authors opinion of _?,7,),The writer believe that_?,8)What is the authors main purpose in the passage?,9）In the authors opinion_?,分析题干能力,第12页,第12页,如何依据上下文判断词语涵义,推断题常见设题方式有：,1）The,underlined,word（phrase）in the passage means _,2）The word it（them）in the first paragraph,refers to,_,3）The underlined sentence in the last paragraph,means _,_,4）Which of the following is,closest in meaning to,the underlined,word in the second paragraph？,分析题干能力,第13页,第13页,（一）依据常识、经验猜生词,比如：,The old man put on his,spectacles,and began to read,The door was so low that I hit the head on the,lintel,猜词能力,第14页,第14页,（二）依据上下文解释做出判断：,其办法主要有：,1依据文中定义、解释猜生词,。,比如：,Skimming,means looking over a passage quickly to get the main idea before you begin to read it carefully,The harbor is protected by a,jetty,a wall built out into the water,2利用事例或解释猜生词,。,比如：,The doctor is studying,glaucoma,and other diseases of the eye,3利用重复解释信息猜生词,。,比如：,Mr.Smith always arrives home,punctually,，neither early nor late,猜词能力,第15页,第15页,4依据同位关系进行判断：,阅读中出现一些难词，有时后面就是一个同位语，对前面词进行解释，这种解释有时也用连词“or”连接。,a）（NMET，D篇），and other Germanic and Nordic peoples，who spoke what we now call,Anglo-Saxon,（or Old English），a Germanic language,b）（NMET，A篇）The,Chunnel,，a tunnel（隧道）connecting England and France，is now complete,猜词能力,第16页,第16页,（三）,利用标点符号和提醒词猜想词义,One of the obstacles to false reading is,vocalizing,saying the words to themselves in a low voice,The early scientific study of chemistry,，,known as,alchemy,，grew up in Egypt in the first few centuries AD,猜词能力,第17页,第17页,（四）依据上下文指代关系进行选择,文章中代词it，that，he，him或them能够指上文提到人或物，其中it和that还能够指一件事。有时代词指代对象相隔较远，要认真查找；也有时需要对前面提到内容进行总结，才干得出代词所指代事。,比如（NMET，A篇）,原题第,57题：What does the underlined word it（paragraph 2）refer to？,ADiscovering the moons inner space,BUsing the earths inner space,CMeeting the moon people“again,DTraveling to outer space,原文：However，the question that moon people asked is still an interesting oneA growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it,猜词能力,由此能够看出it指上句中the question，而the question又指第一段中月球人所提问题。因此依据第一段中问题Why are you traveling to outer space when you dont even use your inner space？就能够判断出答案为B。,第18页,第18页,（五）依据转折或对比关系进行判断,依据上下句连接词，如：but，however，otherwise等就能够看到前后句在意义上差别，从而依据某一句含义，来拟定另一句含义。分号（；）还能够表示转折、对比或不相干意义,。,He has been getting better，but during the night his condition,deteriorated,猜词能力,第19页,第19页,(六)依据因果关系进行判断,依据原因能够预测结果，依据结果也能够找出原因。,（NMET，A篇）Biggest power failure in the citys history,All of our ice-cream and frozen foods,melted,猜词能力,后一句承接前一句，前一句原因造成后一句结果。依据因果关系，停电很也许造成冰淇淋和冷冻食品溶化，因此melted词义应为溶化。,第20页,第20页,（七）依据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断,英语中，有诸多词能够在前面加前缀，后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词也许是生词，但掌握了一定构词法知识，就不难猜出它词义。,比如（NMET，B篇）Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their,preferences,-but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete,猜词能力,我们知道，prefer意思是宁愿；愿意，依据上下文能够判断prefer名词形式preference含义应是偏爱；兴趣。,第21页,第21页,依据近年来高考阅读理解对同窗们提出新要求，提议同窗们在下列几种方面加强自我训练！,1猜想熟词新含义,例1:The major market force rests in t he growing population of,white collar,employees(白领雇员)，who can afford the new service.例2:“It was the best night we had ever had”,said Angela Carraro,who,runs,an Italian restaurant.,猜想熟词含义除了要求同窗们有较强语境分析能力外，还要求同窗们有较宽知识面，对常见有新含义熟词要弄清其使用办法，并将这些词进行简明归纳整理。,2猜想词性变换新词含义,When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago，how could they even begin to,picture,modern life?利用熟词新词性来抽象词义，关键应在理解原词基础上，分析它新词性，并结合原词含义发挥合抱负象，从而概括抽象出它新词义。,猜词能力,第22页,第22页,反问法；,绝对词否决法;,答案项中有绝对语调词普通不是正确答案项。这些语调词有:must,always,never,the most,all,only,have to,any,no,very,completely,none,hardly等,。,怀疑词判断法：,选项中含有不十分必定语调词普通是正确答案项。这些语调词有can,could,may,should,usually,might,most(大多数),more or less,relatively,be likely to,possible,whether or,not necessarily 等。,关键词相应法,(,ABC=ABC,法;,ABC=A,B,C,法;,ABC=CBA,法;,ABC,ABD,法,),选项中照抄原文普通不是答案项，而同义替换普通是选项。,猜答案能力,第23页,第23页,锅盖法：,较全面、有针对性地表示文章中心思想，选项普通是答案项。,A.to be,more successful,in his career,B.to solve technical problems,C.to be more specialized in his field,D.to develop his professional skill,B“处理技术问题”；C“深化专业”；D“发展职业技能”。这三项表示意思都比较详细，而A项则概括地有深度，包括了B、C、D三项内容。选项中表示意义较详细、肤浅（字面意思）普通不是答案项，而概括性、抽象、含义深刻是答案项。,猜答案能力,第24页,第24页,