人教版八上第四单元讲义.doc

Unit 4 How do you get to school?

单词短语讲解及拓展用法：
1. take the subway to … = go to … by subway 搭地铁
2. take the train to … = go to … by train 坐火车
3. take a bus to … = go to …by bus = go to … on a bus 乘坐公共汽车
4. take a taxi to … = go to … by taxi 坐的士
5. ride a bike/ bicycle to… = go to … by bike/ bicycle 骑自行车
6. walk to… = go to … on foot 步行
7. take a car to… = go to … in a car= go to … by car 坐汽车
8. 4 hundred 4百
hundreds of people 成百上千的人
9. 10 kilometers away from home to school家离学校 10 公里（远）
10. ten minutes’walk 十分钟路程
11. quick adj 快速的
have a quick breakfast 快速地吃早餐
12. take sb. to school 带某人去学校
Then the early bus takes him to school.然后，他乘坐早班车到学校
13. in North /South America 在北/南美洲
in the north/south/east/west of American
14. on the school bus 乘/坐校车
15. in other parts of the world 在世界上的其他地方
16. bus stop 公交车站
Stop vi stop to do 停止去做某事
Stop doing 停止做某事
17. depend on 取决于/依赖/依靠
In China , it depends on where you are .
→ depend on 视……而定；决定于
I haven’t a car, I have to depend on the buses.
我没有汽车，只能依靠公共汽车。
18. go to school by boat = take a boat to school 坐船去上学
19. must be 肯定/一定是
20. the most popular ways /means 最流行的方式
means of transportation 交通方式
In China，bikes and buses are the most popular means of transportation.在中国，自行车和公共汽车是最流行的交通方式。
21. worry about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事
☆ worry about sb/sth=be worried about ….为某人/某事担心
I worry about my study.= I am wirried about my study.
22. It takes/ took (sb.) some sb some time to do sth.
做某事花了某人……时间/某人花了……时间做某事
It takes me 20 minutes to finish all my homework.
我花了 20 分钟的时间完成了所有的作业。
It took him 2 years to finish making the movie.
他花了两年的时间制作了这部电影。
此句子结构可等同于： sb. spend/ spent some time on sth. 某人花了……时间在某事上 sb. spend/ spent some time (in) doing sth. 某人花了……做某事
It takes me 20 minutes to finish all my homework.
= I spend 20 minutes on all my homework.
= I spend 20 minutes (in) doing all my homework.
It took him 2 years to finish making the movie.
= I spent 2 years on the movie.
= He spent 2 years (in) making the movie.
cost vt 花费
主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示“值”
(1)sth. costs (sb.) ＋金钱,某物花了（某人）多少钱。
例：A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) ＋时间,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。
例：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
注意：cost 的过去式及过去分词都是 cost,并且不能用于被动句。
pay vt “花费”
(1)sb.+ pay money for sth. 付……的款
例：He paid ￡5 for the book. 他买这本书花了 5 英镑。
(2)pay sb.for sth. 为……给某人报酬
例：The boss paid Bob for his work. 老板为他的工作给了 Bob 报酬。
23. ill adj 生病的 He is ill.他生病了。
Illness n.疾病 During his illness, John stayed indoors.
约翰在生病期间足不出户。

课文解析：

1. How do you get to school? I ride my bike to school.
Get to 到达
2. How do I get there ? 因 there 是副词,所以不能说 get to there
类似还有，get home
3. How long does it take?
It takes about 25 minutes to walk and 10 minutes by bus.
你需要多长时间到校？步行大约 10 分钟，乘汽车 15 分钟。
4. How far is it (from his home to school)? = How far does he live from school? It is three miles (from his home to school).
从他家到学校有多远？大约 10 公里。
5. In other parts of the world, things are different.
在世界的其他部分，事情就不同了。
Different adj.不同的
Be different from 和…不同
They are different from the tastes.他们的口味不一样。
Difference n. 不同
Can you tell the difference between the two schools?
你能告诉我这两个学校的差异吗?
Make a difference有关系，有影响，有重要性
I f you work hard , you can make a difference in your field.
如果你努力工作，你能在你的领域里占有重大影响。
6. in places where there are rivers and lakes ,like Hongshanhu and Kaishandao ,students usually go to school by boat.
在那些像红珊瑚和凯山岛的有湖的地方，学生通常都是划船去学校。
定语从句。
where there are rivers and lakes 是定语，修饰前面的名词 place.
The girl (who speaks French) is my classmate. 那个（说法语的）女孩是我的同班同学.
→若定语从句修饰的名词（先行词）是人物，则用关系代词 who 连接.
He wants to live in a place (where there are flowers and grass). 他想住在有花有草 的地方。
→若定语从句修饰的名词（先行词）是地点，则用关系副词 where 连接
7. That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus!
那肯定比坐公车更有趣的多！
表推测：must be 一定、必定、肯定 用于肯定句中
a little taller
a lot/a bit/a little/much/some/even/still/far….修饰比较级