2021年外研版初中英语各册知识点外研版.doc

初一上册各模块知识点及考试重点
名词所所有格：
⑴表达有生命名词所有格其单数形式是加 's，students' rooms，father's shoes。
(2). 如复数结尾不是s仍加 's，如：Children's Day。
(3). 在表达时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词所有格要用 's，例如：a twenty minutes' walk，ten miles' journey，a boat's length，two pounds' weight，ten dollars' worth。
(4). 无生命名词所有格则必要用of构造，例如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country，the color of the flowers。
特殊状况：
the key to the door/ the answer to the question
the ticket for the concert
(5). 双重所有格，例如：a friend of my father's。
【注意】
　　如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 's，则表达“分别有”，例如：John's and Mary's rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Tom's and Mary's bikes（两人各自自行车）。
　　两个名词并列，只有一种's，则表达“共有”，例如：John and Mary's room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Mary's mother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。
名词复数不规则变化
单复数通同形：人们说汉语和日语，瑞士人喜欢绵羊、鹿和雨
fish 、sheep、deer、people、Chinese、English
不规则变化：男女孩子脚，踩住老鼠牙
Women、men 、feet、mice、teeth
1、would用法
①Would you like to do sth?你乐意干某事吗？提出建议邀请，如果批准，用YES，I’d love to./all right /A good idea.如果回绝，也要客气回绝。
②would like sth想要某物
Would like sb to do sth想让某人做某事
Would like to do 想去做一件事情
③Would you please do sth?祈求
2、表达时间介词
At 后接时间点，周末at the weekend
In 用在年、月、季节或上午、下午、晚上等名词前
On 后普通跟详细某一天或某一天上午、下午或晚上
3、look、see、watch、read
Look集中注意力看，强调看动作，如跟宾语，要用at
See 强调当作果，看见，看到
Watch 强调专注地看，有欣赏意味，惯用语看电视，看球赛
Read 阅读，看书
1、would用法
①Would you like to do sth?你乐意干某事吗？提出建议邀请，如果批准，用YES，I’d love to./all right /A good idea.如果回绝，也要客气回绝。
②would like sth想要某物
Would like sb to do sth想让某人做某事
Would like to do 想去做一件事情
③Would you please do sth?祈求
2、表达时间介词
At 后接时间点，周末at the weekend
In 用在年、月、季节或上午、下午、晚上等名词前
On 后普通跟详细某一天或某一天上午、下午或晚上

初一下册重点知识
2、形容词和副词
形容词比较级用法：
1．最明显提示词是than，其构造为“A…+比较级+than+B”。
2．有表达限度副词a little，a bit，a few，a lot，much，even，still，far，rather，any等修饰时，用形容词比较级。
3．表达两者之间进行选取“哪一种更…”时，句型“Which/Who is+形容词比较级，A or B?”
4、表达“越来越……”，即“比较级+and+比较级”，多音节词和某些双音节词时用“more and more+形容词原级”。
5、表达“越……就越……”时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”构造。
形容词最高档用法：
1．表达三者或三者以上人或物进行比较时，用最高档形式。最高档前必要加定冠词the，句末常跟一种in/of短语来表达范畴。
2．表达在三者或三者以上人或物进行选取时，用“Which/Who is+the+最高档，A，B or C?”
3、表达“最…………之一”时，用“one of the+形容词最高档”构造，
4、形容词最高档前面可以加序数词，表达“第几最……
一、 词汇
1、enjoy
enjoy sth/doing 喜欢某物/做某件事情
enjoy oneself= have a good time玩高兴
派生词：enjoyable，令人高兴 enjoyment，乐趣
2、dress,put on，wear,be in
dress后常跟人作宾语，给…穿衣服,get dressed或dress oneself
put on意为穿上，强调穿动作，宾语普通是衣服、鞋帽
wear穿着，戴着，强调穿状态，宾语可以是衣帽也可以是饰品
be in也表状态，背面要加颜色，表达穿着什么颜色衣服
3、bring，take，carry 和get用法。
bring意思为“拿来”、“带来”。指将某物或某人从别处“带来”。
Bring me the book，please.
take意思是“拿走”，“带走”
It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you.
carry 是“带着、搬运、携带”意思， 不表白来去方向。
Do you always carry a handbag?
Get 是去某处将某物拿回来。
Please go to my office to get some chalk.
4、strict adj. be strict with sb.对某人规定严格
be strict in sb 对某事规定严格
5、spend
人+spend+时间/金钱+ on sth/ (in) doing sth
6、get ready for
get ready for sth 为…做准备（强调动作）
get ready to do sth 准备去做…（强调动作）
be ready for sth 准备好… （强调状态）
be ready to do sth 准备好去做…（强调状态）
get sth ready 把sth 准备好
7、look forward to doing
8、be good/bad at
do well/badly in
9、hope 与wish区别：
但愿去做… hope to do sth/wish to do sth
但愿sb去做… wish sb to do …
hope与wish后都可以接that从句.
二、 金牌句型
1、It is more difficult for old people to learn English.
It is +adj.+(for sb)+to do sth.
2、It is the best way to get to school.
3、What’s the population of Shanghai?
在询问有多少人口用“What’s the population of…”/ “How large is the population of…”
表达“有多少人口”用“…have/has a population of…”
形容人口多少用large和small,而不用many,much和few,little
4、关于how疑问句短语
How long… 多长时间或物体长度
How soon… 过多久，用于将来时间
How often… 频率
How far… 多远，指距离
5、What be sb like? 询问某人什么样，可以是外貌或性格等；
What do/does sb look like? 询问相貌。

初二上册考试重点
一、语法
1、时态考察，对于各种时态重要看时间标志词，特别是：just now/just/now；ago/before；five years ago/since five years ago/for five years，时态考察以当前完毕时为重点，注意非延续性动词在当前完毕加时间状况下需要变为延续性状态词。have been to /have been in/ have gone to
2、反义疑问句
＊祈使句
Let引导祈使句有两种状况：
1) Let's go home，shall we/ shan't we?
2)Let us/me...， will you或won't you。
Let me have a try，will you/won't you?
3）动词原形开头
祈使句都用will you 或won’t you
＊当陈述某些含I think (believe，suppose...)that... 构造时，其反意疑问句须与从句主、谓语保持一致，注意主句主语必要是第一人称。例如：
I don't think he will come，will he?
若是非第一人称，则与主句主语相一致
He thinks that she will come，doesn’t he?
＊当陈述某些为从句时，若主句主语为 I ，反意某些主语为从句主语;若不为 I ，反义某些主语为主句主语。
①I know your father is a worker，isn't he?
①she knows your father is a worker，doesn’t she?
＊当陈述某些具有如下这些具有否定意义词时：few，little，seldom，hardly，never，not，no，no one，nobody，nothing，none，neither等，其反意疑问句需用必定构造。
例如： He is never late for school，is he?
＊陈述某些是there be句型时，其反意疑问句中要用there。　　
There was a hospital here，wasn't there?
＊陈述某些主语是everything，nothing，anything或something 时，反意
疑问句主语应用代词it。
Something is wrong with my radio，isn't it?我收音机出毛病了，是吧？
＊陈述某些主语是 everybody，everyone，anybody，anyone，somebody，someone，nobody，no one，none，neither 时，其反意疑问句主语需用复数代词they。例如：
Everyone is here，aren't they?人们都到了，是吗？
3、to do 不定式
1. 不定式作主语时，惯用it作形式主语，而将作主语不定式放在句子后部。
It is exciting to surf the Internet.
It's ... of sb. to do sth.与It's... for sb. to do sth.
形容词形容人时候用of,形容事情时候用for
It's very kind / nice of you to help me。
It's hard for the Chinese students to learn Russian. 中华人民共和国学生学俄语是很难。
2.动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，要先用it作形式宾语，而将该不定式后置。
注意：某些动词之后可以接to和doing作宾语时，如stop，forget，remember，try,need等
I don't think it right to do it in that way.
我觉得以那种方式去做是不恰当。
I find it hard to get along with him.
我发现与她相处不是件容易事。
4.作补语
有些动词后跟不带to 不定式作宾语补足语。
① 感官动词② 使役动词③ help sb. do…或help sb. to do当此类句子改为被动语态时，要补上to.
He is often heard to sing this song.
The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.
在 think，find，consider，discover等动词后惯用to be +adj.构造作宾补，有时to be 可省略。
We all think/ consider/ find/ discover him (to be) kind and honest.
动词不定式省略
1）不定式在使役动词 let，have，make和感官动词 see，watch，notice ，observe，hear，smell，feel，find 等后作宾补时，省略to。help 可带to，也可不带to →help sb (to) do sth。
2) Why not 背面接不带to 不定式。惯用来表建议。
Why not have a break?
3）but和except：but/except前某些浮现实义动词do时，其背面浮现动词不定式可以不带to。比较：
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
Last night I did nothing but (to )watch TV.
He does everything except (to) work.
4) 由and，or或than连接两个不定式，第二个不定式to 可以省去。例如：
He wants to move to France and marry the girl.
5）普通在discover，imagine，suppose，think，understand等词后，可以省去to be：
He is supposed (to be) an honest man.
4、情态动词
must是重点
1）表达义务。意为“必要”（主观意志）。否定形式是needn’t,
2）表达揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于必定句。否定形式是can’t
3）musn’t自身表达“禁止”，“不容许”，“不能”
二、重点词汇、句型
1、※What/how about doing …?
※Why not/why don’t you do…..?
※It is +adj.+for sb to do sth?此句型到第九模块会重点解说
2、※other 系列词
another
adj./pron泛指各种中另一种
other
adj./pron,其她，别
one…the other
一种……另一种……（总共有两者）
one…another
一种……另一种……（总数三者以上者）
other+n.=others
别的某些
The other+n.=the others
别的所有
3、※
a little
修饰动词、形容词和副词，有点
修饰不可数名词，一点，某些
a bit
修饰动词、形容词和副词，有点,=a little
加介词of后可修饰不可数名词
a few
修饰可数名词复数形式
4、※ no one 和none
no one（=nobody）
不加of
who提问
没有人
单三动词
none
可加of
how many提问
没有人没有物
单、复数动词
5、bring，take，carry 和get用法。
bring意思为“拿来”、“带来”。指将某物或某人从别处“带来”。
Bring me the book，please.
take意思是“拿走”，“带走”，把某物或某人从这里“带来”或“拿到”某处之意。
It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you.
carry 是“带着、搬运、携带”意思，指随身携带，有背着、扛着、抱着、提着含义，不表白来去方向。Do you always carry a handbag?
Get 是去某处将某物拿回来。
Please go to my office to get some chalk.
6、through/across/over
through 穿越，指从空间内穿越 through the door
across，横越穿过，从表面走过，或从一边到另一边,across the road
over翻越，跨越
7、provide /offer
provide sth for sb / provide sb with sth
offer sth to sb / offer sb sth（积极提供）
8、happen / take place
happen指事件偶尔发生，还可以表达“碰巧”之意,不用于被动语态
sth happen to sb
sb happen to do sth.
It happens that+句子
take place多指按筹划或者安排而发生，不用于被动语态
9、compare…with…比较compare…to…. 比喻
10、depend on sb 依赖depend on sth 依…而定

初二下册重点知识
一、重点词汇
1、make
make +宾语+动词原形 He made us stay with him.
make +宾语+ 形容词 He tried to make his mother happy
make +宾语+名词- He made me his friend.
make +宾语+介词短语 He asked us to make ourselves at home.
make +宾语+过去分词 What made him so frightened?
2、seem
Seem+形容词 English seems a little difficult.
Seem to do He doesn’t seem to have any friends.
=It seems that he doesn’t have any friends.
It seems as if they were in a dream.
3、suggest
suggest+名词、代词
suggest doing建议做某事
suggest sb do 建议某人做某事
4、refuse to do sth回绝做某事
5、beat 打败，后接运动员、球队、对手
win 接比赛、战争，奖项
6、avoid doing sth避免做某事
7、depend
depend on sb 依赖
depend on sth 依…而定
8、on one’s own独自
of one’s own 某人自己
9、have problem with …在哪一方面有麻烦
have problem/trouble/difficulty (in)doing，其中trouble/difficulty是不可数名词，前面用no/much/some/little any修饰
10、come up浮现，发生
1)发芽，In March，lots of plants begin to come up.
2)太阳升起
3）发生，浮现I'll let him know if anything comes up.
4）被提及A number of questions came up at the meeting.
11、in order to、to+动词原形、so as to,so…that.so that，in order that
in order to、to+动词原形、so as to引导目状语从句，有时为了表达强调，也可把in order to，to do放在句首，否定形式是in order not to,so as not to
12、as well as并且，还，可与not only…but also互换，但是as well as强调前面内容，not only…but also强调背面内容
1）连接两个并列成分He as well as his friends likes going shopping.
2）as well as还可以表达“和…同样好”，well是副词，用于修饰实义动词。
3）as well 可单独做副词，表达“也”，位于句末。
13、such adj. 如此，这样
so +adj.+a/an+单数名词
such+a/an+adj.+单数名词
such +adj.+复数名词、不可数名词，
当adj.是many/much/few/little时用so
14、倒装句
So + be/助动词/情态动词+主语“某人或某物也同样”
　 I will go there tomorrow. So will she.
So +主语+be/助动词/情态动词 “确如此”
"It was very cold yesterday.""昨天很冷。"
　　 "So it was.""确如此。"
对于上述两种状况，当前一句与否定句时， so须改用neither或nor。
15、besides，but，except和except for
besides：除了......还涉及He has another car besides this.
but与except同义，但but多用在every，any，no等和由这些词构成复合词
except：除了；例句：Except you，there is no one can help me. 除了你没人能帮我
except for：在一类中除去另一类，Smith is a good man， except for his bad temper
二、语法知识
1、宾语从句
宾语从句语序
宾语从句语序应为陈述句语序。例如：
I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
I think (that) you will like this school soon.
Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
宾语从句时态
主句
宾语从句
普通当前时
一切时态
普通过去时
过去范畴某一时态（普通过去时；过去进行时；过去完毕时；过去将来时）
如果主句时态是普通当前时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。
I don’t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
如果主句时态是普通过去时，宾语从句只能用相应过去时态（普通过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完毕时）。例如：
He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
知识拓展：
宾从主语与主句主语（或宾语）相似时，可把从句替代为“疑问词 + to do”
①.I haven’t decided where I will go =I haven’t decided where to go
②.He asked me what I bought = He asked me what to buy.
2、状语从句
★ 时间状语从句
1）由 when，as soon as ,before 等引导时间状语从句用普通当前时表达将来时间。
2）带有till或until引导时间状语从句主从复合句里，如果主句用必定式，其含义是“始终到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”，“在……此前不……”，谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：
The young man read till the light went out.
We won’t start until Bob comes.
★ 条件状语从句
1）条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，普通当前时表达将来时间。
2）“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在乎思上相称于一种带有条件状语从句复合句。
Hurry up，or you’ll be late. =If you don’t hurry up，you’ll be late.
★ 成果状语从句
成果状语从句由so…that，such…that，so that
此知识点牵扯到重点词汇中 so +adj.+a/an+单数名词
such+a/an+adj.+单数名词
such +adj.+复数名词、不可数名词，
当adj.是many/much/few/little时用so
3、to do 和doing做宾语
常考动词后加-ing.
1.  Enjoy doing sth                          喜欢做某事
2.  Like doing sth                           喜欢做某事
3.  Have fun doing sth                       玩得开心
4.  Practice doing sth                       练习做某事
5.  Spend doing sth                           耗费时间做某事（主语是人）
6.  Keep doing sth                     保持始终做某事
7.  How about doing sth                      做某事怎么样（表建议）
8.  What about doing sth                  做某事怎么样（表建议）
9.  Have a difficulty doing sth              做某事有困难
10. Have a good time doing sth            玩得开心
11. Feel like doing sth                   想要做某事
12. Can’t help doing sth                    禁不住做某事
13. start doing sth                         开始做某事
14. go on doing sth                          继续做某事
15. mind doing sth                           介意做某事
16. finish doing sth                      完毕做某事
17. be busy doing sth                     忙于做某事
18. see/hear sb doing           看到/听到某人正在做某事
19. remember doing sth                 记住曾做过某事
20. forget doing sth                     忘掉曾做过某事
21. try doing sth                       做某事试试看有何效果
22. mean doing sth                     意味着做某事
23. can't help doing sth                  禁不住做某事
24. stop doing sth.                      停止正在做事
初三上册考试重点知识
一、 语法知识
1、时态
名称
时间状语
用法
普通当前时
seldom,often,usually
every week,
on Sundays,
once a week
经常性习惯性动作、
客观真理、
条件或时间状语从句中表达将来
普通过去时
…ago,last week,just now
In+过去时间，the day before
过去某个事件发生动作或存在状态
当前进行时
now,at this time,these days,
尚有其她构造：look，listen
当前或现阶段进行动作或存在状态，
状态动词不用于进行时
过去进行时
at this time yesterday,at that time,
When和while引导状语从句
过去某个时刻或某阶段正在发生动作
普通将来时
tomorrow,next week,soon,in+一段时间，how soon,from now on
将来某时要发生动作
打算要做某事
Shall多于第一人称连用，普通疑问句中表达祈求、建议
当前完毕时
ever,just,recently,before,
already,yet,since+时间点
for+时间段，so far
过去已经发生动作对当前影响；
过去已经开始，持续到当前；终结性动词不能和表达一段时间状语连用
被动语态特殊用法：
1、不及物动词带介词和介词宾语,在变为被动语态时,依然要带上介词,如
The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.
The new students are looked after in the school.
The things are take good care of .
2、当动词带有符合宾语时,并且宾补是省去 “to”动词不定式时,在被动语态中应加上 “to”,
一感，二听，三让，四看
They make us do all the work. We are made to do all the work.
We often hear her sing English songs. She is often heard to sing English songs.
I see him walk to school. He is seen to walk to school.
3、当动词带双宾语时,将其中一种宾语提前作被动语态主语,另一种不动；如果是将指物或指事宾语提前,则指人宾语前应加上 to、for如:
I am given some nice presents.
They give me some presents
Some nice presents are given to me.

The children are often told some stories (by him)
He often tells the children some stories.
Some stories are often told to the children (by him).
动词后加to：give,show,send,bring,lend,promise等。
动词后加for：pay,buy,sing,make,get等
3、定语从句
修饰人只用who状况：
a. 先行词是one ，ones ，anyone ，those 时。
b. there be句型中修饰名词时。
c. 先行词后有一种较长定语。
1)Anyone who hasn’t handed in his home- work should stay after school.
2)There is a girl who wants to see you at the school gate.
3)Did you see the man in the park yesterday afternoon who wore a red shirt?
修饰人或物只用that状况：
(1) 先行词是all，few，little，nothing，everything，anything 等不定代词时。
All that he said is true.
(2) 先行词被only，no，any，all,等词修饰时。
He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.
(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰词。例如：
He was the second (person) that told me the secret.
(4) 先行词是形容词最高档或被形容词最高档修饰词。
This is the best book (that) I have read this year.
(5) 先行词既涉及人又涉及物时。例如：
修饰物只用which状况：
a. 先行词在定语从句中作介词宾语时
b. 先行词为that时
1)This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived . 这就是鲁迅此前住过房子。
2)What’s that which you are holding in your arms?你抱着那个是什么？
定语从句可简化为短语
1．定语从句