新目标中考语法复习资料.doc

第一部分：词法
中考考点 一、名词
考标解读 ：
可数名词集及其单复数形式，不可数名词，专有名词，名词所有格。
要点突破：
一、名词的复数：
1.名词变复数的规则形式
1).一般情况下直接加s book cup
2).以辅音字母+y结尾的，先变y为i再加es . City family
3).以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加es . Bus wish watch
4).以o结尾的多数加S 初中阶段只有三个单词加es . Tomato potato
5).以f、fe 结尾的，先把f、fe变v 再加es .
Leaf self shelf life- thief
2.少数名词的复数形式是不规则的。
Man woman- child foot- tooth- mouse
3.单数和复数形式相同。
deer---deer fish----fish sheep----sheep Chinese ----Chinese Japanese---Japanese
4.某国人的复数。
1). 中、日不变。Chinese----Chinese Japanese---Japanese
2). 英、法变。 Englishman----Englishmen Frenchman----Frenchmen
3). 其余s加后面。 American -----Americans German----Germans Australian---Australians
二、不可数名词：
1.不可数名词：
1).不能直接用数字表数量 2).不能直接加a或an 3).没有复数形式
4).可用some、any 、lots of、plenty of 、much 修饰 5).可用“量词短语”表示
2.不可数名词的数量的表示方法： a / 数字+ 量词 + of + 不可数名词
a piece of paper a cup of tea a glass of milk
三、名词的所有格：
1. ’s 所有格。
1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，这时只在最后一个名词后加“’s.”
This is ____________________(Mary and Lily) bedroom .
2). 1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示各有关系时，这时分别在每个名词后加“’s.”
These are ________________(Tom and Jack ) school bags .
3).以s结尾的名词，变所有格时在s后加“’”,不以s 结尾的复数名词，仍加“’s”
Teachers’ Day Children’s Day
4).表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后加 ’s 代表全称。
at the doctor’s at the Bob’s
5).由some、any、no、every与one、body 结合的复合不定代词something 、anything 等和else 连用时，所有格应加在else的后面。
This is _________________(somebody else ) pencil .
6).表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可在词尾加’s 来构成所有格。
an hour’s ride two weeks’ time China’s capital
2.of 所有格：
1).of 用来表示无生命的名词所有格。 the map of China the door of the room
2).双重所有格： of + 名词所有格 of + 名词性的物住代词
He is a friend of my _________(brother ) .
Is she a daughter of __________(you)?
四、名词作句子成分：
1.名词作主语
1).表示时间、金钱、距离作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Two hours ________(be) enough for us to get there .
2).量词短语“数字+量词+ of +…”作主语时，谓语动词应与量词保持一致。
A pair of shoes _______(be) under the bed .
Two pieces of paper _______(be) on the desk .
3).名词+介词（with、except 、along with …….）+名词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词保持一致。 The teacher with the students _________(be) planting trees on the hill .
4).短语“neither…nor…、either…or…、not only…but also …”连接主语时，谓语动词实行就近原则。 Neither he nor I ______ (be) a Frenchman .
2.名词作定语：
1).名词作定语时，一般用单数形式。
There is a shoe factory near the school .
2).名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式。(sport )
The sports meeting will be held next week .
3).man、woman 作定语表示性别时，man、woman随后面的名词单复数而变。
one man teacher two women teachers
小试身手
1. Lucy and Lily＿＿＿in the same class.
2. Which is the ＿＿＿to the bus stop， please? A road B way C street D address
3. Hurry up! There is＿＿＿ time left. A little B a little C few D a few
4. How many ＿＿can you see in the picture?
A tomatos B tomatoes C tomato D the tomato
5. —　＿＿＿is the meat. Please? —　Ten yuan a kilo.
A How much B How many C How old D How long
6 The boy's name is James Allen Green. So his given name is＿＿＿.
A James Allen B Allen Green C James Green D Mr. Green
7 Shanghai is one of the biggest＿＿＿in our country.
A city B city's C citys D cities
8 Would you please pass me＿＿＿?
A two paper B two papers C two pieces of paper D two pieces of papers
9 September 10th is ＿＿＿Day.
A Teacher B Teachers C Teacher's D Teachers'
10 I only have＿＿＿ bread for lunch today.
A a bit B a bit of C little D few
11 “What would you like, Ann? ”“I'd like two＿＿＿.”
A glass of milk B glasses of milk
C glass of milks D glasses of milks
12 There isn't ＿＿＿ paper in the box. Will you go and get ＿＿＿ for me?
A any, some B any, any C some, some D some, any
中考考点二： 冠词的用法
考标解读
冠词的考查重点包括不定冠词a和an的用法，定冠词the的用法和零冠词的用法等。
要点突破
一.a和an的区别
不定冠词有a和an两种形式，a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。
例如：a boy, a university, a European country; an hour, an honor, an island, an elephant, an umbrella, an honest man ,a useful book
不看字母看读音,不见原因(元音)别施恩(n)
二.不定冠词的用法
1.泛指某一类人、事或物；相当于any，这是不定冠词a/an的基本用法。
A horse is an animal
2.泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。
A girl is waiting for you.
3.表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。
I have a computer.
4.表示“每一”，相当于every.
I go to school five days a week.我一周上五天课。
5.用在序数词前，表示“又一”，“再一”。
I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one.
6.用在某些固定词组中：
a lot(of), after a while ,a few ,a little ,at a time ,have a swim ,have a cold ,in a hurry ,for a long time, have a good time ,have a look
三.定冠词的用法
1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物，这是定冠词的基本用法。
The book on the desk is mine
2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。
Open the window, please.
3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。
I have a car. The car is red.
4.指世界上独一无二的事物。
Which is bigger, the sun or the earth?
5.用在序数词，形容词最高级前。
The first lesson is the easiest one in this book.
6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
the Great Wall 长城，the United States 美国
7.用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人。
the poor穷人, the blind盲人
8用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”。
the Greens 格林一家或格林夫妻俩
9.用在方位词前。
on the left在左边，in the middle of在中间
10.用在乐器名称前。
She plays the piano every day.
11.用在表示海洋，河流，山脉，群岛及国家和党派等名词前。
the Black Sea黑海，the Yangzi River长江
12.用在某些固定词组中：
all the same仍然；all the time一直；at the moment此刻；at the same time同时；by the way顺便说；do the shopping/washing买东西/洗衣服；in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上；in the open air 在户外，在野外
四.零冠词的用法
1.棋类,球类,一日三餐名词前不用任何冠词
Play chess play football have supper
特例：当football，basketball指具体的某个球时，其前可以用冠词：I can see a football.我可以看到一只足球。Where’s the football？那只足球在哪儿？(指足球，并非“球类运动”)
2.季节,月份,星期,节假日名词前不用任何冠词.
In July in summer on Monday on Teachers’ Day
3.人名,地名,国家名前不加冠词
Beijing is the capital of China
4.学科,语言,称呼,语职务名词前不用冠词
Math is hard to learn
5.复数名词表示类别时不加冠词
They are workers I like eating apples
6.名词前已有物主代词(my，your，his，her等)、指示代词(this/these，that/those)、不定代词(some，any等)及所有格限制时,不用冠词
my book(正)；my the book(误)
7.在表特定的公园，街道，车站，桥，学校等之前。
No.25 Middle School
五.用与不用冠词的差异
in hospital住院 /in the hospital在医院里
in front of在…(外部的)前面 /in the front of在…(内部的)前面
at table进餐 /at the table在桌子旁
by sea乘船 /by the sea在海边
go to school(church…)上学(做礼拜…) /go to the school(church…)到学校(教堂…)去
two of us我们当中的两人/the two of us我们两人(共计两人)
next year明年 /the next year 第二年
a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一个人)
/a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两个人)
小试身手
1 Mr Li is＿＿＿ old worker. A a B an C some D /
2 English is＿＿＿ useful language in ＿＿＿ world.
A an, the B a, the C the, / D /,the
3 What ＿＿＿ interesting book it is? A a B an C the D /
4 He will be back in ＿＿＿ hour.A / B the C a D an
5 There is ＿＿＿ map in the classroom. ＿＿＿ map is on the wall.
A a, A B the, The C a, The D the ,A
6 Look at＿＿＿ picture! There's＿＿＿ house in it.
A a ,a B the, the C a, the D the, a
7 There is ＿＿＿ orange in the bottle .A a B an C the D /
8 Beijing is ＿＿＿ capital of our country. A the B an C / D a
9 If yo u work hard at English, you'll get ＿＿＿ “A” in the test.
A an B / C the D a
10 He usually goes to school on ＿＿＿ foot.
A a B an C the D /

中考专题三：代词
考标解读： 人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，指示代词，疑问代词，不定代词。
要点突破：
一．人称代词：

单数
复数

主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
you
you
you
you
第三人称
it/she/he
it/her/him
they
them
1.主格作主语,宾格作动词或介词的宾语.
He teaches ______(we) Chinese .
2.三种人称代词并列时,顺序为:
单数:二,三,一 （You, she and I ） 复数:一,二,三 (we , you and they )
注:若把责任担,第一人称最当先,(即若做错事时,把第一人称放在最前面.)
She and I have been to Beijing .
Who broke the window ? I and Mike .
注：it 还有一些特别的用法。
1）用作形式主语,常用于 “It’s +adj +to do sth”句型中.
2) 用在句型: “It seems that …”中.
3) 用在句型: “It’s one’s turn to do sth”中.
4) 用在句型: “It’s time to do sth / for sth”中.
5) 用在句型: “It’s +adj +that 从句”中.
6) 用作形式宾语, 用来代替动词不定式. make /think /feel/find + it + adj (名词)+ to do sth .
二.物主代词.

第一人称
第二人称
第三人称

单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
形容词性
my
our
your
your
its/his/her
their
名词性
mine
ours
yours
yours
its/his/hers
theirs
1. 形容词性的物主代词作定语放在名词前，不能单独使用。
2. 名词性的物主代词，后面不能加名词。名词性的物主代词常与of 连用。
Our classroom is as big as ______(they) .
This is a friend of ______(my).
注: 1)名词性的物主代词相当于形容词性的物主代词加一个名词.
（名词性的物主代词=形容词性的物主代词+ 名词）
2)形容词性的物主代词与own 连用时,后面可跟名词也可不跟名词.
My own house = a house of my own
三.反身代词

单数
复数
第一人称
myself
ourselves
第二人称
yourself
yourselves
第三人称
himself/herself/itself
themselves
记忆小窍门:
反身代词有规律,第三人称宾格加self.其余都要物主加self,复数ves来把f替.
反身代词的常用搭配:
enjoy oneself hurt oneself teach oneself = learn…by oneslf all by oneself
help oneself to … look after oneself leave sb by oneself lose oneself in
say to oneself for oneself dress oneself improve oneself see oneself in the mirror
四.指示代词
1.近指: this these 远指: that those
2.用法:
1)that those 常用来代替前面出现的人或物,以避免重复. That代替可数名词的单数或不可数名词. Those 代替复数名词.
The weather in Guangdong is hotter than _____ in Qinghai .
The books in that shop are cheaper than ______in this shop.
A.this B.that C.one D.those
2)this ,that 可代替句子或句子的一个部分,that代替前面提到的句子而this代替下面提到的句子.
He had a bad cold ,that is why he didn’t come .
3)在电话用语中,this 代替自己,而that 代替对方.
This is Tom speaking . Who is that ?
五.不定代词的区别.
1.one与it 的区别
One 代替同类事物中的一种. 而it代替上文中出现的某事物.
This book is a good one . May I borrow it ?
2.some与any 的区别
一般情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定,疑问句,条件句中.但在表建议的疑问句中,仍用some 代any. 常用于could / would / May 开头或what about /how about …. 的句中。
May I have some water ?
He asked me for some paper , but I didn’t have any .
3.many与much的区别
Many+可数名词的复数 Much+不可数名词 都相当于 a lot of +复数名词/不可数名词
注:a lot of 不能用于否定句中. 否定句中用many /much .
4.a few /few /a little /little 的区别

表否定(几乎没有)
表肯定(有一点/几个)
修饰可数名词
few
a few
修饰不可数名词
little
a little
The story is easy to read . there are _____ new words in it .
Hurry up ! There is _____ time left .
5.each / every 的区别
each 表示两者或两者以上的人或物中的每一个.而every 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一个.
There are trees and frowers on _____ side of the street .
______ student has read a story .
注:each 可以与of 连用, each of 作主语时,谓语动词用单数.而every 不能与of 连用.只能放在名词前作定语.
Each of us _______(study )hard .
6.no one 与none 的区别
no one 表示没有人, 不能与of 连用. 而none of +复数名词/ 代词，作主语时，谓语常用单数。.
The boys were all tired , but _____ of them stopped to have a rest .
7.both /neither /either /all / none / any 的区别

都
都不
任何一个
两者之间
both
neither
either
三者或三者以上
all
none
any
There are many trees on ____ side of the river . A. both B.any C.either D.all
注: 1). both 的否定词是neither , all的否定词是none.
2).both of 作主语时,谓语动词用复数.
neither of作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.
Neither of the answers ______(be) right .
Both of my parents _______(be) workers.
3).词组
A) both …and …连接两个主语时,谓语动词用复数. 同义词组:not only …but also … 反义词组: neither … nor …
Not only you but also she likes watching TV.= ____ you _____ she like watching TV .= You like watching TV , _____ _____ she .
B) either …or … 或者……或者…… , neither…nor… 既不……也不…… 连接两个主语时,谓语动词实行就近原则.
Neither you nor he ______ (be ) right .
One of Lily and Lucy is going to the park. = _____ Lily _____Lucy _____ going to the park.
C) either 也可用于否定句中的 “也”
D) neither 也可表示 “ 也不” 句型: neither … sb 某人也不怎么样.
If you don’t go there , _____ _____ I . (我也不去)
4) how many /how much 的回答:用none回答.
Who 的回答:用no one 回答.
What 的回答:用nothing 回答.
How many students are there in the classroom ? __________.
Who can answer the question ? _______.
A. None B.No one C.Nothing
8.other /the other /others /the others 的区别

(空)后面没有名词
(空)后面有名词
有数量限制(特指)
the others
the other
没有数量限制(泛指)
others
other
注: 1) one …the other … 表示两者之间的一个……另一个……
2) some… others… 表示一些…… 一些……
3) another 表示三者以上的不确定数目中的另一个. 只能修饰可数名词的单数.
但 another +数字+ 复数名词= 数字+ more +复数名词 表示 “ 另外几个……”
Would you like ______ apple ?
I have two brothers , one is a teacher , _________ is a worker .
Some are cleaning the classroom , ______ are sweeping the window .
There are 20 teachers in our school . Eight of them are men teachers ,and _____ are women teachers
everyone
每个，人人，大家
不与of 连用
every one
每个人、物
可与of 连用
9.

Every one of us has seen the film .
Everyone should do their best .
10.复合不定代词.

some
any
no
every
thing
something
anything
nothing
everything
one
someone
anyone
no one
everyone
body
somebody
anybody
nobody
everybody

注: 1.复合不定代词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.
2.形容词修饰不定代词时, 形容词放在不定代词之后.
3.动词不定式修饰不定代词时, 动词不定式放在不定代词之后.
4.复合不定代词用于反义疑问句中,
1)指人的不定代词, 其反义疑问句中的主语用he 或they .
2)指物的不定代词, 其反义疑问句中的主语用 it .
5.any ,anything ,anyone, anyboby 也可用于肯定句中,表示 “任何……/任何物/任何人”
Everything ______(begin ) to grow in spring , _______ _______ ?
Is there ___________(一些有趣的事)in today’s newpaper ?
I want something ________ (eat ).
1 These are ＿＿＿books. Yours are over there.
A I B my C me D mine
2 —＿＿＿ is she?
— She is a teacher.
A What B How C Who D Where
3＿＿＿ is wrong with my watch. It has stopped＿＿＿.
A Something, working B Something, to work
C Any thing, working D Anything, to work
4 Mary, help ＿＿＿to the bananas, please. A you B your C yourself D yourselves
5 —＿＿＿ do you go to school every day?
— By bus.
A How B Why C When D Where
6 My skirt is＿＿＿ popular than＿＿＿.
A much, her B much, hers C more, her D more, hers
7 — Can you speak English?
— Yes, but only＿＿＿.
A few B a few C little D a little
8 Mr.　Smith is an old friend of＿＿＿. A I B me C my D mine
9 “ ＿＿＿do you hear from your parents?”
“About once a month.”
A How long B How many
C How often D How much
10 Mr Green wouldn't say ＿＿＿at the meeting.
A everything B nothing C anything D something
11 “Mum, Ann's coming tonight. Let's give her ＿＿＿to eat.”
“Good idea!”
A anything nice B nice anything
C something nice D nice something
12 — When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening?
— I don't mind. ＿＿＿time is OK.
A Some B Neither C Either D Both
13 This is not her kite,　but＿＿＿.
A he's B him C he D his
14 Don't worry, Mum! ＿＿＿ news is good news. I'm sure daddy will come back soon.
A No B Many C Those D Two
15 Mary has six apples. Her brother has three. She has ＿＿＿apples than he.
A few B many C more D fewer
16 There isn't ＿＿＿in today's newspaper.
A anything interesting
B something interesting
C nothing interesting
D interesting anything
17 September 10th is＿＿＿ Day?
A Teacher B Teachers C Teacher's D Teachers'
18 — In England, people eat a lot of “takeaway” food. What about people in your country?
—＿＿＿
A So we do. B We do so. C So do we. D We so do.
19 — Shall we go into that shop and have a look?
— Sorry. I won't. I have ＿＿＿to do there.
A everything B anything C something D nothing
20— Oh, dear! Who broke the gla