中考英语语法：介词.docx

中考英语语法：介词
常用介词基本用法辨析
1. in表示在某地范围之内。
Shanghai is/lies in the east of China,上海在中国的东部。
2. to表示在某地范
之外。

Japan is/lies to the east of China.日本位于中国的东面。
3.on表示与某地相邻或接壤。
Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.蒙古国位于中国北边。
表示计量的介词：at, for, by
l.at表示“以……速度”"以……价格，
It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour.它以每小时 900 公里的速度飞行。
I sold my car at a high price.我以高价出售了我的汽车。
2. for表示“用……交换，以……为代价”。
He sold his car for 500 dollars.他以五百元把车卖了 。
注意：at表示单价(price) , for表示总钱数。
3. by表示“以……计”，后跟度量单位。
They paid him by the month.他们按月给他计酬。
Here eggs are sold by weight.在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。
表示材料的介词：of, from, in
1. of成品仍可看出原料。
This box is made of paper.这个盒子是纸做的。
2. from成品已看不出原料。
Wine is made from grapes.葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。
3. in表示用某种材料或语言。
Please fill in the form in pencil first.请先用铅笔填写这个表格。
They talk in English.他们用英语交谈。
表示工具或手段的介词：by, with, on
L by用某种方式，多用于交通。
I went there by bus.我坐公共汽车去那儿。
2. with表示“用某种工具”。
He broke the window with a stone.他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。
注意：With表示用某种工具时，必须用冠词或物主代词。
3. on表示“以……方式”，多用于固定词组。
They talked on the telephone.他们通过 进行交谈。
She learns English on the radio/on TV.她通过收音机/电视学英语。
表示关于的介词：of, about, on
1. of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事。
He spoke of the film the other day.他前几天提到了这部影片。
2. about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。
Can you tell me something about yourself?你能告诉我关于你自己的事情吗?
3.on指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。
If s a textbook on the history of china.它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。
表原因或理由的介词：for, at, from, of, with, by, because offor 表示原因, 与 sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame 连用 o
I am sorry for what I said to you.我后悔不该对你讲那些话。
1. at指情感变化的原因，意为“因听到或看到而……He was surprised at the news.听到这消息他大吃一惊。
2. from指“外在的原因”，如受伤、车祸等。
He died from the wound.他因受伤而致死。
3. of指“内在的原因”，如病、饿等。
The old man died of hunger.老人死于饥饿。
4. with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.他们听到这个消息，欣喜假设狂。
He was shaking with anger.他气得浑身发抖。
5. by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。
Her body was bent by age.他因年老背弯了。
She took your umbrella by mistake.我因弄错拿了你的雨伞。
6. because of表示引起结果的直接原因。
He retired last month because of illness/because he ill.
7. owing to多表示引起某不良后果的原因。
Owing to the rain they could not come.由于下雨他们没来。
8. thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常译为“幸亏……，多亏……”Thanks to John, we won the game.多亏约翰，我们才赢了这场比赛。
9. out of表示动机的起因，常译为“出于……He asked the question out of curiosity.他出于好奇才问了那个问题。
10. through多表示因局部而影响全局的原因。
The war was lost through bad organization.战争因组织不周而失败了。
表示好像或当作的介词：like,
一样”，其实不是。

Peter the Great, like his country, was strong and proud,彼得大帝像他的国家一 样强健和自豪。
2.as表示“作为，以……身份"，其实也是。
He talked to me as a father.他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。注：as作连词时，可 表示“好像……”。
The work is not so difficult as you imagine.这工作不像你想像的那么困难。
表示支持或反对的介词：against, foragainst反对，for支持，互为反义词。
Are you for my idea or against it?你赞同还是反对我的想法?
表示除某人某物外的介词：besides, exceptbesides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除外，还”。
Thirty students went to the cinema besides him.除他以外，还有 30 个学生去 看了电影（共计31人去）。
He is interested in tennis besides (=as well as) football.他对足球和网球都感兴趣。
1. except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除去九Everyone is excited except me.除我以外的每个人都很激动（我并不激动）。
All the visitors are Japanese except him.除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。
（他不是日本人）注意：
（A） except通常与表示全体的all, every连用；假设与other连用，只能用 besidesoHe had other people to take care of besides me.除我之外，他还要照顾别人。
（B） except是排除同类；而except for是排除非同类，常在说明基本情况后, 从细节上加上修正。
The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. 除了几处拼写 错误之外，这篇作文整体还是不错的。
（作文与拼写错误是非同类的）但except for有时也可代替except,特别是在句 首时，因为except是不能用于句首的。
Except for George, you can all go.除乔治外，你们都可以去。
练习
1 .一Is that your headmaster? 一You mean the manblue?
A. on B. with C. in D. from
2. On sunny days, my grandma often reads a novelthe window.
A. by B. for C. with D. from
3. 一I want to watch TV the whole day after the long journey.
一You shouldn't watch TV too much. It's bad your eyes.
A. on B. in C. for D. with
4. We will attend the junior high graduation ceremonyJune 21st, 2019.
A. inB. at C. onD. with
5. Fm going out. 1*11 be backan hour.
A. at B. on C. in D. fromthe help of modern technology, scientists got a photo of a black hole.
A. At B. In C. On D. With一Do you have this T-shirt a different color?
一I'm afraid not. It only comes red.
A. of B. in C. forIn the world, more than 30% of schools do not provide safe drinking water about 570 million children.
A. with B. for C. towardsThe high speed trainQingdao and Beijing travels faster now. The
train ride takes only about three hours.
A. from B. among C. in D. betweenLadies and Gentlemen, welcome to Beijing!! And if you need any help, please call me010-5558 6390.
A. at B. on C. with D. byThe instructions tell us everythingabout how to make the model ship.
A. by hand B. by chance C. in detail D. in personHe wrote his phone numbera piece of paper.
A. on B. for C. in D. fromHe wrote his phone number a piece of paper.
A. on B. for C. in D. fromTo my great joy, my family is always me whatever I decide to do.
A. behind B. to C. from D. against15.Beijing Expo 2019 opened to the public29th April. It will last
over five months.
A. at B. in C. on D. of
16. I enjoy talking with my classmates our way to school.
A. on B. at C. in D. under
17. This story issimple English. My little sister can read it.
A. for B. in C. with D. by
18. We planted some flowers the garden yesterday.
A. on B. to C. in D. of
19. 一How was your skating lesson last week?
一Not bad. Although I fell over many times, I managed to skate at last.(Hl义句）
C. at times
A. in the end B. at presentI think tea will taste bettersome milk in it.
A. for B. with C. from D. at答案：
1-5 CACCC 6-10 DBBDB11-15 CAAAC 16-20ABCAB