【冀教版】八年级英语下册第四单元提纲.docx

第四单元提纲
1. use sth. to do sth.使用某物来做某事People use pens to write something.
used to do过去常常做某事 He used to play too many computer games, be /get used to doing 习惯于做某事 I am/get used to getting up early.
2. It is + adj. for sb. to do sth.
It" s dangerous for you to play football in the street.
对你来说，在路上踢足球是危的。
It is + adj. of sb. to do sth.
It' s brave of the soldier to save the boy' s life.
救那个男孩的士兵很勇敢。
3. chat with 和聊天(chat-chatted-chatted-chatting)I like chatting with my friends online.
拓展：chat 可数名词 闲聊；闲谈 After supper they had a long chat.
4. invitation n.邀请；请帖(an invitation)invite v.邀请invite sb. to sp.邀请某人去某地
I invited all my friends to my party yesterday.
invite sb. to do邀请某人去做She invites me to practice dancing with her on weekends.
5. industry n.
① 行业[C ] 复数 industries We should develop local industries.
the tourist industry 旅游行业 the steel industry 钢铁行业工业[U ] heavy industry 重工业 light industry 轻工业
6. do research on/into 做调查；研究He is doing some research on the ancient Silk Road.
7. It has no keyboard or mouse, so it is easy to carry.
or是连词，意思是“也不，没有”。
①用于否认句中，表示“也不，没有”和and意思相同，但是and只 用于肯定句。
She doesn' t like basketball or baseball.
②用于选择疑问句中，意思是“或者，还是"。常常构成句式：一般 疑问句+or+其他？
其回答不用Yes或者No,而要用选择疑问句中提及的一项来回答。
Does she like soccer or basketball?
③oi•表示转折或并列关系时，意为“否那么，要不然"。而and表示 句意顺承。
You have to run, or you'll be late for school.
8. enter v.输入；进入 entrancen.入口When the teacher entered (二went into) the room, the students were reading books.
9. key (pl. keys) n.关键；钥匙adj.关键的key words关键单词key points关键点
门的钥匙 the key to the door 问题的答案 the key to the door通往世界的门the door to the world
10. search for 寻找(=look for) Man searched for (=look for)gold in the hills in the past.
search sb. (sp.) for搜查 sb/sth.以寻找…The police searched the city for the thief.
IL one of + the +最高级+可数名词复数“最…之一”谓语动词用三 单It" s one of the biggest holidays in many countries.
12. fall v. fall-fell-fallen①到来，来临 Easter does not fall on the same day each year.
② 落下，掉落 The leaves fall down from(=fall off) the trees in autumn.
13. depend v.依靠；取决于 depend on sth./sb.依赖；取决于Don't depend on your parents too much.
The plan depends on (=is up to) the weather.
14. pass on ”传递，传授”代中原那么pass on sth. to sb.把某物传给 某人People passed on their knowledge by telling stories.
pass sb. sth. =pass sth. to sb.把某物递给某人Pass the dictionary to me. =Pass me the dictionary.
15. by hand 用手，手工 They wrote each word by hand.
with+工具，by主要加交通工具或doing, in+语言/材料I can make noodles with my hands.
Can you say it in English?
Danny improved his math by doing more exercises.
16. It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间It took a long time to write just one book!
sb.+ spend + 时间/金钱+on sth./doing sthsth. + cost + sb. + 金钱
sb.+ pay + 金钱 + for + 物keep on doing sth.反复做某事（keep - kept- kept）
The teacher kept on asking the students questions in class.
keep doing sth 一直不停做某事 She kept speaking for half an hour.
keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事 Don't keep your children watching TV.
17. receive v.（客观上）收到，接到accept v.（主观上）接受
She received an expensive gift on her birthday, but she didn' t accept it.
18. have “患（病），得（病）” =catch/get have cancer 患癌症have表示状态，可与for+时间段连用
catch/get表示动作I caught/got a cold three days ago. =1 have had a bad cold for three days.
19. surprisedadj.修饰人，感到惊奇的surprising adj.修饰物，令人吃惊的
I, m surprised to hear the surprising news.
surprise n.惊奇，惊讶to one" s surprise 使某人感到惊讶的是
in surprise 惊讶地，惊奇地(修饰动词)realize one's dream/ambition/goal 实 现 ••• (realize-realized- realized)
make…come true 使…实现(come-came-come) sth. come true 实现某事I will realize my dream one day. = I will make my dream come true one day.
20. can情态动词，“能，会”，只有现在时can和过去时could两种 时态，无人称变化。
be able to "能，能够”，主要指具体做某事的能力，有人称和时态 的变化。
People are able to connect and share information in seconds.
in seconds在短时间内 second n.片亥!)，瞬间；n.秒；(序数词) 第二advantage(s) n.有利条件 disadvantage(s) n.不利条件
21. get sth. done 使某事被做 It helps us get things done more quickly.
25.it做形式宾语，真正的宾语为to do不定式If a friend lives far away, the Internet makes it easy to stay in touch.
26. harm n./v•伤害 harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的 do harm to =be harmful to=be bad for… 对…有害处Smoking is harmful (=does harm to二is bad for) to our health.
doing动名词作主语，谓语用单数aside from=besides 除此之外（包括）
She can speak English and French aside from/besides Chinese.
except 除…之外（不包括）Everyone is here except Tom, because he has gone to the hospital.
27. steal sth. from... 从…偷取某物 steal-stole-stolen V.偷盗Recently, the thief has stolen many things from different stores.
28. take up占据；开始从事The table takes up too much room.
People usually take up their first hobby when they are kids.
29. prefer sth. 更喜欢… He prefers tea.
prefer doing sth.=prefer to do sth 更喜欢做…I prefer drinking tea.= I prefer to drink tea.
prefer A to B 相对B,更喜欢A My uncle prefers coffee to tea.
prefer doing A to doing B 更喜欢做 A,跟 B 相比I preferred going outside to staying at home in the past.
30. “疑问词+动词不定式”相当于宾语从句，变宾从句时，前后主语 为同一人称且要注意时态问题。
I learned how to use a chat program. = I learned how I could use a chat program.
31. as的用法：
①"正当…时，一边…一边…”，引导时间状语从句 She sang as she danced yesterday.
② 随着 As time goes by, he feels more confident.随着时间的流失， 他感到更自信了。
①作为 We should treat the animals as our friends.
②因为(原因显而易见)，引导原因状语从句 As everyone is here, lef s start.
③按照 Do as Romans do.入乡随俗set up set-set-set-setting
① 安排 I have set up a time to have a meeting. set up a time 约个 时间建立 I dream to set up a Hope Primary School in the future.
(3)安装 She set up a new TV in her house yesterday.
32. anywhere作名词“任何地方”也可以作副词It can give me directions to anywhere I want to go.
33. 形容词副词比拟级的特殊用法：
① 同一单词：比拟级+and+比拟级 越来越・・.More and more people like to read e-books.
②The+比拟级,the+比拟级 越…就越…The more you give, the more you gain.
不规那么 变化：good/well-better bad-worse many/much-more far- farther/further old-older/elder little-less③less可以帮助多音节词构成比拟级
不如…有趣less interesting不如…有用less useful
不如…受欢迎less popular.由although/though表示“虽然，即使”，引导的让步状语从句， “虽然”和“但是”不能同时使用。
Although he is busy, he still cares about me. =He is busy but he still cares about me.
no matter what无论什么"whatever引导让步状语从句No matter what he said, I didn't believe him. = Whatever he said, I didn't believe him.
no matter where = wherever 无论在明Eno matter when 二 whenever 无论什么时候
no matter who = whoever 无论是谁. if引导的从句
① 是否 引导宾语从句，时态根据主从句语境She asked people if they could help her grandma see the world through pictures.
②如果引导条件状语从句主从句时态一致；主将从现，主祈从现，主情从现
If Grandma could not travel herself, maybe there was another way.