徽州特色村镇类型及其特征分析.pdf
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1、2023年第4期/西部人居环境学刊/001徽州特色村镇类型及其特征分析*Analysis of the Types and Characteristics of Huizhous Characteristic Villages and Towns阳建强 任 凯 YANG Jianqiang,REN KaiDOI:10.13791/ki.hsfwest.20230401阳建强,任凯.徽州特色村镇类型及其特征分析J.西部人居环境学刊,2023,38(4):1-8.YANG J Q,REN K.Analysis of the Types and Characteristics of Huizhous
2、 Characteristic Villages and TownsJ.Journal of Human Settlements in West China,2023,38(4):1-8.摘 要:乡村振兴背景下,科学划分特色村镇类型对促进村镇发展至关重要。明确了徽州特色村镇的概念内涵和构成要素,建立基于动力功能历史组合划分徽州特色村镇类型的研究思路,提出“文化构成核心价值景观表达”三维类型划分技术方法。类型划分过程研究突出了对徽州特色村镇文化核心演变、核心价值形成和景观意义营造三者之间的相互作用和状态响应的解析。结合实证对象的地形特征及主导要素,将徽州特色村镇划分为五类:沿水道商业交通枢纽型集
3、镇、陆路古道区间转运型集镇、盆地平原“堨塘”并用型农业村落、山地“潴水以塘”型农业村落、盆地宗族聚居型村镇。从空间分布和景观层积过程对徽州特色村镇特征进行了分析,并总结了不同类型徽州特色村镇在功能结构和空间结构方面存在的共性规律。关键词:徽州;特色村镇;类型划分;特征分析;历史演进Abstract:In the context of rural revitalization,scientifically dividing the types of characteristic villages and towns is crucial for promoting their developme
4、nt.Type evolution is one of the basic attributes of characteristic villages and towns themselves,and it is the functional formation and landscape significance expression of village and town system organizations under the influence of power.Characteristic types fully reflect the strong mutual influen
5、ce and connection between power,function,and historical significance.Starting from the perspective of Huizhou cultural drive,based on the cultural core changes,dynamic mechanism composition,and spatial expression results during the evolution of villages and towns,this study analyzes and studies the
6、types and characteristics of characteristic villages and towns from the perspectives of characteristic power cognition,characteristic value judgment,and characteristic landscape significance.it clarified the concept and constituent elements of Huizhou characteristic villages and towns,established a
7、research approach based on the combination of power function history to classify Huizhou characteristic villages and towns,and proposed a three-dimensional type classification technology method of“cultural composition core value landscape expression”.The social environment,social norms,and value sys
8、tem are the core contents of cultural composition,with the“cultural core construction”in the evolution process of Huizhou villages and towns as the core of village and town culture.By constructing the symbiotic unit of Huizhou villages and towns,it is clarified that different types of human land int
9、eraction within villages and towns have different interactive contents,which play different roles in promoting the potential expansion of regional elements in the regional system,and thus form different villages and towns dominated by different advantageous functional forms.The spatial landscape of
10、Huizhou villages and towns is mainly reflected in clan settlements,water conservancy projects,and commercial organizations.The research on the classification process highlights the interaction and state response analysis between the core evolution of Huizhou characteristic village and town culture,t
11、he formation of core values,and the creation of landscape significance.Based on the terrain characteristics and dominant elements of the empirical object,the“characteristic type”is the foundation for the survival and development of Huizhou villages and towns.Its interactive mapping with the organic
12、organism of the villages and towns themselves affects the direction and performance of resource utilization in Huizhou villages and towns.Most of the villages and towns with larger scale and higher administrative levels in the empirical objects were built in the Tang Dynasty and matured in the Qing
13、Dynasty,while some mountainous villages were built in the Ming and Qing dynasties,with typical cultural cores,functional structures,and spatial landscapes.In order to sort out the three-dimensional meaning of“cultural composition-core values-landscape expression”of these villages and towns,and combi
14、ne them with Huizhous ancient waterways and routes,the distribution of ethnic groups,and terrain and water systems,Huizhous characteristic villages and towns are divided into five categories:commercial and transportation hub towns along waterways,trans regional market towns along ancient land roads,
15、“mixed use”agricultural villages in basin plains,“pond”agricultural villages in mountainous areas,and basin clans inhabited villages and towns.As an economic village,traditional commercial and transportation villages and towns are commercial and transportation settlements formed in the process of th
16、e development and growth of Huizhou merchants,relying on their superior geographical location,excellent cultural resources,and good transportation conditions,with commercial trade as 中图分类号 TU982.29文献标识码 B文章编号 2095-6304(2023)04-01-08 *“十三五”国家重点研发计划课题(2019YDF1100 701);内蒙古大学2023年高层次人才科研启动项目(10000-23112
17、101/011)作者简介阳建强(通讯作者):东南大学建筑学院,教授,任 凯:内蒙古大学历史与旅游文化学院,讲师丘陵地区规划新技术与方法研究ISSUE 4 Aug.2023/JOURNAL OF HUMAN SETTLEMNTS IN WEST CHINA/0020 引言特色村镇是城乡等级空间体系的重要组成部分和乡村发展区的重要载体。2018年9月,中共中央、国务院印发了 乡村振兴战略规划(20182022年),战略规划 明确提出要分类推进乡村发展和塑造特色类村庄,因此科学划分特色村镇类型是进行特色村镇振兴发展的基础性工作。同时为适应城乡融合发展和推进乡村新人居环境建设的战略需求,包括村镇演进过
18、程剖析和类型分异解析在内的村镇基础理论成为国内地理学研究中亟待深入探讨的重要领域1-2。以往特色村镇类型划分研究以形态分异或者产业分异居多3-6,对村镇的特色价值研究主要聚焦在文化保护和建筑遗产方面;近些年相关研究逐渐开始涉及到特色村镇驱动力解构、类型分异过程及机制解读7-13。在徽州村镇研究方面引入历史学、地理学、社会学等学科的理论与方法,对徽州聚落景观、形成过程、价值特色等开展了卓有成效的研究14-21。这些研究为更好剖析徽州村镇特征提供了扎实的基础,但如何从整体上深度挖掘徽州特色村镇演进过程中的动力机制、核心价值和景观要素等仍需加强。因此,为了避免以往特色村镇类型划分过程中出现的特色动力
19、认知片面、特色评估路径单一、特色错位竞争意识淡薄、发展方向重叠等不足,本文拟从徽州文化驱动视角出发,基于村镇演进过程中的文化核变迁、动力机制构成和空间表达结果,从特色动力认知、特色价值判断和特色景观意义等方面,着重开展对特色村镇类型与特色的分析研究,以能够更好指导徽州特色村镇的建设实践。1 徽州特色村镇基本情况1.1 徽州特色村镇基本概念及内涵徽州又名新安郡,在历史上曾是一个行政区划概念。秦始皇始设歙、黟两县,经历东汉、隋、唐,宋改歙州为徽州,明清时期建立徽州府,因徽州府的建制历时最为长久,因此称徽州为“一府六县”,古徽州府治即位于现今的歙县徽城镇。20世纪80年代经行政区划调整,绩溪划归宣城
20、市,徽州的行政意义从此不复存在,只成为一个文化区域概念。历经一千多年较为稳定的经济、社会、文化发展,徽州地区形成稳固一体化的、颇具地方特色的地域历史文化圈,并没有因为行政区划的变更而失去其特色。今天的徽州村镇主要指徽州人民在长期的物质生产与精神追求的过程中,经过择址、规划、设计、建设、居住、衰败和修葺等环节,经历了较大的社会变革并能够较为完整地遗留下来的、现在依然被活态化使用的乡村聚落。基于徽州村镇的地域性和历史性特征,徽州特色村镇在非物质表征上表现出有效利用地域资源、强化优势功能发展、调整村镇空间结构、转换村镇观念意识等演进性、连贯性和动态性特征,在物质实体上则具有要素累积强烈、类型差异明显
21、、空间景观有序等特征。1.2 研究对象及构成要素基于徽州地区村镇分布密度和地形地貌格局,调研对象选择统筹考虑类型覆盖和地域覆盖,研究对象既囊括中国历史文化名村(镇)和国家级传统村落,也包括大量反映徽州地区地域特色基底的普通村落,调研内容囊括了聚落、农田、水利、社会组织等各个方面的要素,调研范围主要基于六县全域(图1)。1.2.1 地形及水系徽州境内共有两个等级的盆地,第一层次为面积最大的休歙the core function,while also undertaking functions such as cargo transportation,transportation gatherin
22、g,and boatmen gathering.These villages and towns have become important nodes in Huizhous transportation network due to their superior geographical location.With the continuous expansion of Huizhou merchants trade radiation,these villages and towns have become commercial trade centers and cargo distr
23、ibution centers in different regions of Huizhou.Huizhou has always attached great importance to agriculture,and agricultural villages and towns are the oldest type of villages and towns in Huizhou.For hilly villages and towns with many mountains and water,the success of agriculture cannot be separat
24、ed from the rational planning and utilization of water resources.The advantages of population,geography,and economy have made the valley basin plain a leading area for the development of Huizhou region.The operation of numerous social communities,including water conservancy organizations,marriage or
25、ganizations,and commercial organizations,has jointly promoted the development of Huizhou basin clans and regional society.Analyzing the characteristics of Huizhou characteristic villages and towns from the perspective of spatial distribution and landscape stratification,it is found that different ty
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- 徽州 特色 村镇 类型 及其 特征 分析
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