初中英语非谓语动词1动名词动词不定式讲解练习.doc

非谓语动词
考点、热点回顾
【词汇辨析】 finally, at last, in the end与at the end of
finally: 通常在列举事物或论点时，将它放在句首以引出最后一项内容，还可用在句中动词的前面，表示“等了很久才......”，但感情色彩不强
They talked about it for hours. Finally, they decided not to go.
We finally arrived in Chengdu.
at last: 常用来表示经过一番努力或曲折之后的结果。也可以用来表示“等候或耽误了很长时间之后才......”，感情色彩强烈
My brother went to college at last. 我弟弟终于上大学了。
She came at last. 她总算来了。
in the end: 表示经过许多变化、困难和捉摸不定的情况以后某事才发生。
In the end we found the house. 最后我们找到了这座房屋。
They won in the end. 最后他们赢了。
at the end of : 既可以表示时间，也可以表示空间。
表示时间时意为“在......末尾”，常指过去或将来的时间点，用于一般过去时或一般将来时
表示空间时of后接名词，表示“在......的尽头”
At the end of the meeting, Li Ming sang a song. 会议结束时，李明唱了一首歌。
There is a post office at the end of the street. 街道的尽头有个邮局。
【非谓语动词】
构成：（to）+动词原形
动词不定式
非 在句中的作用（除谓语动词外的任何成分）
谓 构成：V.-ing
语 动名词
动 用法（主、宾、表、定）
词
构成：V. -ing / V.-ed（规则变化）
分词
用法（表、补、定、状）
（一）动名词
一、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成
二、动名词的句法功能
功能

例句

说明

主语

Eating too much is bad for your health.
吃得太多对你的健康有害。

谓语动词用单数形式。

宾语 动词宾语
介词宾语

I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。
Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。

表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。

表语

His hobby is collecting stamps.
=Collecting stamps is his hobby.

多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。

定语

She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。
We should improve our teaching methods.我们应该改进教学方法。

只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。

注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们初中阶段常见的有：finish, mind, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（in）, spend...（in）, feel like, be used to（习惯于）, give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can't help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。
完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）
继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up）
考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can't help, feel like）
喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）
（二）动词不定式

动词不定时的构成
不定时的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）动词原形。
动词不定式的句法功能
功能

例句

说明

主语

To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。

作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。

表语

My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。

多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。

宾语

—What sports does he like to play?他喜欢做什么运动？
—He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。

只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。

宾补

My mother made me play the piano all the time.
我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。

在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。

定语

Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗？

不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。

状语

I'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。
I went to the library to study English.（表目的）

不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。

不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末
其结构为：It+be+adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+动词不定式
如：To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful to learn English well.
It’s important for us to protect the environment.
注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如：
It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。
It's very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。
不定式作宾语
有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：
would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。如：
Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？
②在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如：
I find it easy to read English every day.
③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式
Why not do..., Why don't you do..., had better（not）do..., would rather do,
could/would/will you please（not）do...
I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。
不定式作宾语补足语
不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：
Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西让他关小收音机。
tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：
My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。
注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：
一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（let, make, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如：
My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。
不定式作定语
①不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
②如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。
There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。
不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：
The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。
He didn't know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。
典型例题
( )1. Tom's mother told him _______ eating too much meat.
A: stopping B: to stop C: stops D: stopped
( )2. We don't know ________ it next. Let's go and ask Mr. Li.
A: what to do B: to do what C: whether to do D: to do whether
( )3. How kind you are! You always do what you can _______me.
A: help B: helping C: to help D: helps
( )4 Drivers shouldn't be allowed ________after drinking, or they will break the law.
A: drive B: driving C: to drive
( )5. Water Park is a good place________.
A: to have fun B: have fun C: having fun D: to have a fun
( )6. Take time to relax by listening to music, reading a book or just spending some time alone. Relaxing allows you _______to your studies with more energy.
A: return B: to return C: returning
( )7. Nick, would you mind ________those old jeans? They look terrible.
A: not to wear B: not wear C: wearing not D: not wearing
( )8. —_______ a volunteer is great.
—I think so. Some of us want _______volunteers for the London Olympics.
A: Being；being B: To be；being C: Being；to be D: To be；to be
( )9.—Don't forget ______your history and politics books tomorrow morning.
—Thanks. I won't.
A: bring B: to bring C: bringing
( )10.—What about _______a rest?
—OK. Let's go out and have a walk.
A: to take B: takes C: taking
( )11. —I like this set of sofa so much, but I don't know ______it in my small house.
—You're supposed to put it in the living room.
A: where to put B: why to put C: how to put
( )12. While we were running on the playground, Jack suddenly stopped ______and lay on the ground, so we all stopped _______what was wrong with him.
A: to run; to see B: running; seeing C: running; to see
( )13. May I have a rest? I have already finished ______the report.
A: write B: writing C: to write D: written
( )14.—I feel a bit hungry now.
—Why not _______for dinner with us?
A: go B: did you go C: to go D: do you go
课后练习
( )1. Granny often tells us ________water in our daily life.
A: save B: saving C: to save D: saves
( )2. Richard turned off the computer after he had finished ________the email.
A: write B: to write C: writing D: wrote
( )3.—We can use QQ to chat with each other on the Internet.
—Really? Will you please show me ______it?
A: how to use B: what to use C: how can I use D: what can I use
( )4.—Where's your brother now，Bob?
—I saw him ________ in the street a moment ago and I told him _______.
A: playing；don't do so B: playing；not to do so C: play；to do so
( )5. As teenagers, we're old enough _______with housework. We can help set the table, wash the dishes and clean our own rooms.
A: to help B: helping C: helped
( )6. Nancy is really a hard-working student. We often see her _______books in the classroom.
A: read B: to read C: reads
( )7 Mrs. Smith made her students _______the compositions three times a week.
A: write B: to write C: written D: writing
( )8.Tom often makes his sister , but yesterday he was made by his sister.
A: cry; to cry B: to cry; cry C:cry; cry D: to cry; to cry
( )9. You'd better _______ too much time playing computer games.
A: don't spend B: not to spend C: to not spend D: not spend
( )10. More and more young people are trying to do something _______the old.
A: served B: to serve C: serve D: serves
( )11. Why not _______ an English club to practice _______ English?
A. to join; to speak B. join; speaking C. join; to speak D. to join; speaking
( )12. When we came to the gate, he stopped _________ me go in first.
A. to let B. to tell C. to allow D. to ask
( )13. She saw some boys _________ soccer on the playground when she was on the way to the classroom.
A. played B. to play C. playing
( )14. —How about going shopping this weekend, Peter?
—Sorry, I prefer _________ rather than _________.
A. to stay at home; go out B. to go out; stay at home
C. staying at home; go out D. Going out; stay at home
( )15. It's a good habit _________ every day.
A. to keep doing exercise B. to stay up late C. to make much noise D. to too much
( )16. —It's hot. Would you mind my _________ the window.
—__________. Do it as you like, please!
A. to open; OK B. opening; Certainly not C. closing; Of course D. Open; Good idea
( )17. Who do you think you'd like _________ with you, a boy or a girl?
A. to let to go B. letting to go C. to let go D. let go
( )18. The house was so dirty. They decided _________.
A. clean it up B. to clean it up C. clean up it D. cleaning up
( )19. I heard someone _______ the door and .
A. open; come in B. to open; to come in C. open; come into D. to open; to come into
( )20. The girl was heard _________ the piano in the next room.
A. plays B. to play C. played D. play