初中英语主谓一致讲解.doc

初　中　英　语　主　谓　一　致
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致
主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法上一致，意义上一致，就近一致原则．
1. 单数名词(代词)或不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数。
The desk is Tom’s.　　　Some water is in the bottle. 　
　　The students are playing football on the playground. 　　
２. 表示时间、价格、重量、长度、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，谓语用单数形式。
One and a half hours is enough. Twenty dollars is enough.
　Two monthshas passed. 　 Tweney pounds isn’t so heavy.
３. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
To see is to believe.眼见为实。 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.
４. 主语为one of , each of等加复数名词或代词，谓语用单数。如：
One of my favorite sports is basketball.　　 Each of them has an English dictionary.　
５.不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数，例如：
Is everyone here today？ 　Something is wrong with him. 　　Nobody was in.
６. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。
　　Neither answer is correct两个答案都不正确。
７. 有些以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等。
　　No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
　　Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。
８. people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，
The police(警方)are searching for the robbers.　　People here are very friendly. 　
９. 由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；
Both his father and his mother are both teachers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。
10“定冠词+姓氏复数形式”表示一家人时，谓语一般用复数。
　The Smiths are having dinner.
11. a number of+pl.n“许多…”表示复数；the number of +pl.n“…的数字”表示单数。
　　A number of famous people were invited to party. 许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。
　　The number of the students is over eight hundred. 我们学校的学生数超过800人。
12. 当kind of,pair of, glass of 等短语修饰主语时，谓语与kind,pair,glass等一致。　
This pair of trousers is very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old.
　 There are two glasses of water on the table. 桌上有两杯水。
13. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。　
　　The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad. 　穷人很快乐，富人却过得不快乐。
　　The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。
14 or, either…or…，neither…nor…,not only…but also…,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语以及here，there开头的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词采用就近原则。
Tom or Jack is wrong. 不是汤姆就是杰克错了。

Either this one or that one is ok. 这一个或那一个都行。
There is a book and three pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书，三只钢笔
Here are some books and paper for you. 这是给你的书和纸。
15 当主语部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词短语时，谓语动词由主语的单复数决定。与介词短语之后的名词无关。
The fruit like apples, oranges is good for our health.
Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
　 Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
16. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。
Swimming and walking are good exercises.
The bread and the butter __ their main food.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)
The writer and the teacher are coming. 　作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)
但every, each, no 做定语时，即使用and 连接两个主语，谓语也用单数．
No teacher and no student has seen the film.
Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。．
No food and no water __in the house.
A. is B. has C. are D. have
17. family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。例如：
His family isn’t large. 他家的人不多。
My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。
18. 单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。
A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there.
19. all/most/half/the rest of+名词，lots of/ a lot of/plenty of+ 名词，分数/百分数+名词作主语，谓语动词由of后面的名词的数保持一致。
All of my students work hard.　　All of the oil is gone.
20. 定语从句中关系代词who、that、which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
Ｉlike the music that is interesting.I like the people who are friendly.
21.名词性物主代词做主语时，谓语动词的单复数决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。
Your classroom is small.Ours (=our classroom) is big.
Your shoes are white, Mine (= my shoes) are black.
22.在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：
Between the two buildings is a big tree.
24.population 作主语，作“人口”讲时，谓语常用单数形式；当它作“人们”讲时，谓语常用复数形式。另外，当分数、百分比数修饰 population 作主语时，谓语常用复数形式。
The population of China is very large.

Two thirds of Chinese population are farmers.
25.What从句做主语，表语是复数，谓语动词用复数．
What the students need ____ good books.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
倒 　　装 　　句
英语句子的自然语序是主语在前,谓语在后。把谓语放在主语之前,就叫做倒装。全部谓语放在主语之前,叫做全部倒装;只把部分谓语动词，即特殊动词（be动词，情态动词和助动词）
放在主语之前,叫做部分倒装。
一、全部倒装
如果谓语动词全部放在主语之前，这种语序叫做全部倒装
1.表示方位的副词out,up,down,in,away置于句首时，句子要用全部倒装．
Out rushed the children.孩子们冲了出去．
◆主语是人称代词，主语的语序不倒装．Away he went.他走了．
2.表示方位的介词短语置于句首,句子要用全部倒装。如:
Into the hall came three women. 大厅里走进来三位妇女。
In the east of the school lies a big bookshop. 学校的东边有一个大的书店。
3.存在句(there be/ live/ stand/ lie/ seem等)需要全部倒装。如:
There once lived an old hunter in the house. 这所房子里曾住过一位老猎人。
There seems to be many listeners. 似乎有很多听众。
4. 副词here, there, now, then等置于句首(经常与go, come等动词连用),全句需要全部倒装。
Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。 Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。
◆如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。: Here they are. 他们在这儿。
5 表示时间的副词now,then引导的句子，谓语动词是come,begin,end,follow,be等时，句子要用全部倒装
Then came the worker.
◆如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。Then he went.接着他走了．
二、部分倒装

部分倒装是只把特殊动词（be动词，情态动词和助动词）放在主语前，叫部分倒装．
1.否定副词never,hardly,seldom,little,not等置于句首．
Hardly could he believe his own eyes.他几乎不相信自己的眼睛．
2＂only＋状语＂置于句首．
Only in this way can you learn English well.只有用这种办法，你才能学好英语．
3..副词so放在句首，构成 “So+特殊动词＋主语”表示同上边的肯定情况相同。
Neither/ Nor放在句首构成“Neither/ Nor +特殊动词＋主语”表示同上边的否定情况相同。
谓语动词的时态、语态应与前句谓语的时态、语态相一致,数由后一句主语而定．
A:I have finished my homework.(我已经做完作业了)
B: So has he. (他也做完了)。
A:I haven’t seen that film. 我没看过那部电影。
B:Neither (Nor) have I. 我也没有。
◆“So＋主语+特殊动词”表示赞同对方的观点．
A:She studies very hard.她学习很努力．B:So he does.的确这样．
２. not only... but also...连接两个并列句,且not only置于句首时,前句需要部分倒装。如:
Not only did he dislike the way we spoke, but he disliked the way we dressed.
他不但不喜欢我们说话的方式,而且也不喜欢我们着装的方式。
Exercise
1. Miss Huang together with her friends ____ shopping every Sunday evening.
A. go B. went C. going D. goes
2. The United Nations ____ in 1945.
A. are set up B. were set up C. was set up D. is set up
3. Ten kilometers ____ way.　
A. are quite long B. are quite a long
C. is quite a long D. is a quite long
4. – How many students are there in your class?
-- ____ the students in our class ____ over fifty.
A. The number of; is B. The number of; are
C. A number of; is D. A number of; are
5. Look! There ____ playing with the children on Dongfeng Square.

A. are a number of deer B. is a number of deer
C. are a number of deers D. is a number of deers
6. Everyone except Tom and John ____ there when the meeting began.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
7. Each of the students ____ a dictionary.
A. have B. has C. is D. are
8.— Will your sister go to visit Dalian during this summer vacation?
— If I don't go,             .
A.neither will she B.neither does she
C.so will she D.so did she
9. The Greens ____ France since the spring of 1990.
A. have been to B. have been in
C. has been to D. had been in
10. – How many teachers are there in your school?
-- About 150. One third of them ____ men teachers.
A. have B. has C. are D. is
11. When and where to go for the holiday ____ yet.
A. have not been decided B. is not decided
C. are not decided D. has not been decided
12.His hobby is             taking photos             collecting stamps.
It's growing flowers.
A.either; or B.both; and
C.not only; but also D.neither; nor
13.— Have you ever been to Hangzhou, Lucy?
— No, I haven't. What about you?
—             .
A.So do I B.Me, neither C.Me, too D.So have I
14. Your trousers ____ dirty, you must have ____ washed.
A. is, them B. are, it C. are, them D. is, it
15. Not only the student but also Mr. Smiths ____ tired of having one examination.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
16. My brother asked me ten questions. The first five were easy, but the rest ____ difficult.
A. were B. are C. was D. is
17. The poor ____ happy; but the rich ____ sad.
A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is
18. John and his uncle ____ going hiking tomorrow.
A. be B. am C. is D. are
19. Either my friends or I ____ going to the library on Monday.
A. is B. be C. am D. are
20. – Why did you choose English instead of Japanese?

-- Because Japanese ____ as popular as English.
A. isn’t B. aren’t C. has been D. have been
21. To save time ____ to lengthen life.
A. are B. was C. were D. is
22. Never in the life_____ of such a thing.
A.he has heard B.has he heard C.he heard D.did he hear
23. The Chinese ____ peace but they aren’t afraid of war.
A. love B. loves C. loved D. loving
24. Not only _______ to speak English ,but also he learns to write in English.
A.he learns B.does he learn C.has he learnt D.he has learnt
25. Nothing ____ difficult in the world, ____ it?
A. are, are B. is, isn’t C. are, aren’t D. is, is
26. On the east of the river ____ three buildings.
A. lies B. stands C. stand D. are standing
27 Xiao Dong is one of the best students in his class who ____ by their teacher.
A. praises B. is praised C. praise D. are praised
28. Swimming in the pool with the children ____ very interesting.
A. has B. have C. is D. are
29. ____ politics difficult for you to learn?
A. Are B. Do C. Does D. Is
30. No news ____ good news.
A. am B. are C. is D. be
31. John with his uncle ____ going hiking tomorrow.
A. be B. am C. is D. are
32. Jimmy’s family ____ a large one. The whole family ____ watching TV.
A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is
33. Half of the apple ____ bad.
A. are B. is C. were D. has
34. The singer and dancer ____ yet.
A. don’t come B. didn’t come C. haven’t come D. hasn’t come
35. With the help of people the number of pandas ____ more and more.
A. is getting B. are getting C. got D. hasn’t got
36. ____ that pair of new ____ Tony’s?
A. Are; shoes B. Is; shoes C. Are; shoes D. Is; shoe
37. The number of people invited____fifty,but a number of them____ absent for
different reasons.
A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, were
38.Two thirds of the work______ been finished.
A. have B.has C.is D.are

７. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：
　　A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。
2. many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。
　　Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。
3. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。例如：
More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
39.On every piece of the paper ____ pictures of some horses.
A. is B. ，　　are C. has D. have

20. Many a man ____ had that kind of experience.
A. have B. has C. is D. are
26. Only one and a half oranges ____ on the plate.
A. is B. are C. be D. was
43. More than one idea ____ put up with at the class meeting.
A. have B. has C. has been D. have been
51. ____ she or you going to Beijing next month?
A. Was B. Is C. Were D. Are
— Jim does well in Chinese in our class.
—             . No one does better than him.
A.So do I B.So he does C.So I do D.So does he
I want to go to the movie and             .
A.so my sister does
B.so is my sister
C.so does my sister
D.so my sister is
The nations of Western Europe ____ worth learning from.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
。
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