中考英语总复习专题：名词((课堂PPT).ppt

专题一 名词,1.概念,名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它既可以表示具体的东西，也可以表示抽象的东西。,考点归纳,考点归纳,2.,分类,名词,专有名词：人名、地方、机构等专有的名称，首字母通常要大写,人名、地名、国名,John Smith；Beijing；China,组织、团体、机构、报刊,WTO（世贸）；,China Daily,（中国日报）,时间、语言、月份、节日,Sunday；English；January；Spring Festival,由普通名词构成的专有名词，一般前面加the,the Great Wall,名词,普通,名词,可数,名词,个体,名词,表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：,doctor；gun,集体,名词,表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：,family；police,不可数,名词,物质,名词,表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的实物，如：,cotton,；,air,抽象,名词,表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：,health；happiness；work,考点归纳,（续表）,考点梳理,考点一：可数名词及其单复数,可数名词包括单数名词和复数名词。,1.可,数名词单复数的规则变化,规则,读音,例词,大多数名词，直接加,-s,结尾是清辅音的读,s,结尾是浊辅音或元音的读,z,deskdesks,friendfriends,以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词，加-es,读iz,busbuses,foxfoxes,matchmatches,dishdishes,以“辅音字母,+y,结尾”的名词，将,y,改为,i,，再加,-es,读,z,candycandies,元音字母,+y,结尾的名词，加,-s,读,z,boy boys,以,o,结尾的名词，表示有生命的物体，加,-es,；表示无生命的物体，加,-s,读,z,tomatotomatoes,pianopianos,以,f,或,fe,结尾的名词，将,f,或,fe,改为,-ves,读,vz,lifelives,leafleaves,考点梳理,（续表）,考点自测,1.Health is important for us teenagers,so we,should eat more vegetables such as,to,keep healthy.,(2015哈尔滨市),A.tomatoes and potatoes,B.tomato and potato,C.tomatoes and potato,D.tomato and potatoes,A,2.,可数名词单复数的不规则变化,（1）改变名词中的元音字母,如：woman women policeman policemen,（2）名词后面加en或ren,如：ox oxen child children,（3）单复数同形,如：deer；fish；sheep,考点梳理,2.What can you see in the picture?,Two,.,(2015广安市),A.dog B.child C.sheeps D.sheep,3.Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of,roses from her husband on,Day.,(2014广东省),A.Woman B.Women,C.Womans D.Womens,考点自测,D,D,3.,使用名词单复数应该注意的问题,(1),有些名词通常只有复数形式，这些名词作主语时，谓语动词也要用复数形式。,如：,clothes，trousers,。,(2),有些名词从形式上看是复数，实际意义表示的是单数，其后的谓语动词也用单数形式。,如：,physics，maths,。,考点梳理,(3)由两个名词组成的复合名词，通常由第一个名词作定语修饰另一个名词，作为定语的那个名词通常都用单数形式，但是,man,和,woman,除外。,如：,a boy studentthree boy students,a woman teachertwo women teachers,a man scientistfive men scientists,（4）表示“某国人”的单复数变化：中日不变，英法变，其他后面加,-s,（,Swiss,除外）。,如：,a Chinese(Japanese)six Chinese(Japanese),an Englishmanseven Englishmen,a Frenchmantwelve Frenchmen,an Americanfour Americans,a Swissthree Swiss,考点梳理,4.There are many,playing on the playground.,(,2013东莞市,),A.child B.children,C.man teachers D.sheeps,5.Im told your class has 3 new comers.,Yes.One is a,the other two are,.,(,2015黄石市,),A.Japan；Germany B.Japanese；German,C.Japanese；Germans D.Japanese；Germen,考点自测,B,C,考点二：不可数名词,不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能直接与具体数字或,a，an,连用，但可以和,some,连用。如果不可数名词要表示一定的数量，则在其前面加数量词表示。不可数名词的具体用法特征主要有以下几种：,1.,不可数名词单数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,如：,Knowledge is power.,知识就是力量。,考点梳理,考点自测,1.The advice from the teacher,so useful that I,passed the exam at last.,A.was B.is C.were D.are,A,2.,不可数名词可以由,some，much，little，a lot of，lots of，plenty of,等词修饰。,如：,They have saved much money for future use.,他们存了很多钱以备未来使用。,考点梳理,考点自测,2.How can I get some,about the,2016 Olympic Games?,Why not search the Internet?(2015安徽省),A.information B.experience,C.practice D.success,3.Our teachers usually give us some,on,how to face the difficulties and challenges,.(2015乌鲁木齐市),A.advice；brave B.advices；brave,C.advices；bravely D.advice；bravely,A,D,3.不可数名词可以与,a piece of，a lot of，a cup of，plenty of,等连用。,如：,a piece of paper,一张纸,a drop of water,一滴水,考点梳理,4.You paid,￥,10 for,this morning.,(2015,兰州市,),A.4 bottle milks B.4 bottles of milk,C.4 bottles of milks D.4 milk,考点自测,B,4.可数名词与不可数名词不确定量的表达方法：,(1),few，a few，many，several，a(large，small)number of+,可数名词复数,(2),little，a little，much，a large(small)amount of，,a great deal of+,不可数名词,(3),some，any，plenty of，enough，a lot of(lots of)+,可数/不可数名词,如：,There is plenty of water in the bottle.,瓶子里有大量的水。,A large number of people like playing basketball.,很多人喜欢打篮球。,考点梳理,考点自测,5.,There are a lot of,of bike riding.,I agree.Its good for the environment and it saves,money.,(2015宜昌市),A.instructions B.instruments,C.advantages D.products,6.You are supposed to be more careful to make fewer,while you are writing.,(2015云南省),A.trouble B.matter,C.mistakes D.problems,C,C,考点梳理,5.既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的多义词,可数名词,不可数名词,change,变化,零钱,chicken,小鸡,鸡肉,exercise,习题,锻炼,fish,鱼,鱼肉,food,各种食物,食物,fruit,各类水果,水果,glass,玻璃杯,玻璃,hair,几根头发,头发,可数名词,不可数名词,beauty,美人,美丽,room,房间,空间,light,电灯,光,orange,橙子,橙汁,paper,报纸，论文,纸,sand,沙滩,沙子,time,次数，倍数，时代,时间,考点梳理,可数名词,不可数名词,wood,树林,木材,work,著作,工作,iron,熨斗,铁,考点梳理,7.Here are some,.Do you like,?,(2015安顺市),A.oranges；them B.orange；it,C.oranges；they D.oranges；their,8.,is full of books.There isnt enough,for,another bed.,A.A room；rooms B.The room；room,C.A room；a room D.The room；the room,考点自测,A,B,考点三：专有名词,专有名词用来指具体的人、地点、日子或物体的专有名称。其特点是：第一个字母大写，通常不与冠词连用，无复数形式。,1.人名,（1）英美人的姓名与中国人的恰恰相反，姓在后面，名在前面，姓名前通常不用冠词。,如：,Mary Smith,玛丽史密斯,（2）姓氏复数前加定冠词可表示某某一家或夫妻两个。,如：,The Turners have gone to America,特纳一家人去美国了。,考点梳理,2.地名,（1）大部分单数形式的地名不用定冠词。,如：,Asia,亚洲,Shanghai,上海,（2）大部分单数形式的湖、岛、山名前不加定冠词。,如：,Silver Lake,银河,Mount Tai,泰山,（3）山脉、群岛、海洋、河流、运河、海湾、海峡、半岛、沙漠名前一般加定冠词。,如：,the Pacific,太平洋,the English Channel,英吉利海峡,the Sahara,撒哈拉沙漠,考点梳理,1.,is the worlds highest peak.,Few people can climb to the top.,A.Mount Qomolangma,B.Mount Emei,C.Mount Tai,D.Mount Huang,考点自测,A,3.,日期名,（1）,节日前通常不用冠词。如：,Christmas,圣诞节,National Day,国庆节,（2）,星期前通常不用冠词。如：,Sunday,星期天,考点梳理,考点自测,2.,is the most important festival in China.,A.Christmas B.The Spring Festival,C.Thanksgiving Day D.National Day,3.,Day is coming.I will buy some,for Miss,Wu.(2015,茂名市,),A.Teachers,；,flower B.Teachers,；,flowers,C.Teachers,；,flower D.Teachers,；,flowers,B,B,考点四：名词所有格,在英语中，表示有生命的名词，可以加,s表示所属关系，这种形式叫名词的所有格。,1.有生命的名词所有格,（1）单数名词的所有格加,s。,如：,Mothers Day,母亲节,the little girls doll,小女孩的洋娃娃,（2）以s结尾的复数名词所有格只加,。,如：,Teachers Day,教师节（教师们的节日）,the students books,学生们的书,不以s结尾的复数名词所有格加,s,。,如：,childrens books,儿童读物（儿童们的书）,Womens Day,妇女节（妇女们的节日）,考点梳理,（3）表示某人家、店铺等处所，所有格后的名词可,以省略。,如：,at Jones（office）,在琼斯的办公室,at the barbers(shop),在理发店,at Johns(home),在约翰家,（4）表示两人共有时，只在最后一个名词后加,s,。,如：,Lily and Lucys father,莉莉和露西的爸爸,考点梳理,（5）表示两人各自所有时，则两个专有名词都要用,所有格形式，而且后面所修饰的名词要用复数,形式。,如：,Wang Lins and Li Kuns fathers,王林的爸爸和李坤的爸爸,Lucys and Lilys rooms are very tidy.,露西的房间和莉莉的房间都很整洁。,考点梳理,1.,fathers didnt come to the meeting.Why?,Because they have gone to Beijing.,(,2015凉山彝族自治州,),A.Jeffs and Amys B.Jeff and Amy,C.Jeffs and Amy D.Jeff and Amys,2.,Times,magazine says that smart Lego has become,one of the,favorite toys.,(2015佛山市),A.child B.children,C.childrens D.childs,考点自测,A,C,2.,无生命的名词所有格,（,1,）无生命的名词所有格常用,of,结构表示。,如：,the leg of the table,桌子的腿,（,2,）表示国家、时间、距离、重量和价值等的名词通过词尾变化表示所有。,如：,Chinas future,中国的未来,todays newspaper,今天的报纸,an hours walk/ride,一个小时的路程/车程,考点梳理,3.I live near the station.Its only about five,walk.,(2015临沂市),A.minutes B.minute,C.minutes D.minutes,4.The mascot(吉祥物)of Rio 2016 Olympic,Games is,good luck.,(2015昆明市),A.the number of B.the symbol of,C.the day of D.the color of,考点自测,C,B,3.,双重所有格,（1）,双重所有格就是将,of,结构与,s,结构或名词性物主代词一起使用。,如：,a friend of Toms mothers,汤姆的妈妈的一个朋友,a friend of mine,我的一个朋友,（2）,特殊例子：,the key to the door,门的钥匙,the way to the office,去办公室的路,考点梳理,5.Mr.Black is a teacher of,.She and her,classmates like him very much.,(2015白银市),A.my sister B.my sisters,C.my sisters D.my sisters,6.Do you know the boy,is playing,soccer there?(2014深圳市南山区一模),Certainly.He is a friend of my,.,A.who；brothers B.whether；brother,C.whom；brothers D.whose；brother,考点自测,B,A,