高中英语听力训练技巧解析.doc

高中英语听力训练技巧解析
\技巧的训练
1. 听前预猜
这是一种把整体意思的听(Global Listening)识，建立信息框架，帮助学生弄清文章的类型、结构和大意。
(1) 根据标题进行预猜。例如，Oxford English测是有关芭蕾舞演员的;有的猜测是有关一台芭蕾舞剧的。学生猜测的内容越是不同，其听的愿望就越强烈。
(2) 根据听力材料设置的相关练习进行预猜。通过一系列的听前预猜活动，主要是要求学生在听全文之前快速浏览听力材料的练习，使学生对听力材料的内容大概有一个了解，这样在实际听时就会感到容易一些。这种方法在一定程度上帮助学生排除了一些听的障碍，无形中增加了他们的自信心，并在不断的练习中获得听的成功。还以 Ballet为例，学生从练习的字里行间大致能猜出该篇是有关芭蕾舞的发展的，在实际听的时候就可以根据这一主题去抓信息。
2. 听中猜测
在听的过程中，往往会出现对某个单词或短语听不清楚或对上下文的某个环节一时难以理解而无法连贯这种情况，猜测往往能助上一臂之力。所以猜测可以是体的，也可以是段落的，可以是猜测关键词的，也可以是猜测上下文之间的逻辑关系的。如在这段对话中：
Tom: Did you stay in a hotel?
Sue: No, we camped in the mountains, near Snowtown. We cooked all our meals over an open fire.
测试题：Where did Sue spend the night in the country?
A. In a farm house.　 B. In the open. 　C. At a hotel. 　D. In the snow.
在听上述对话中，很有可能camped一词语速方面的原因一时听不清，但根据cooked all our meals over an open fire 可得知烹调不在室内进行，因此，B选项符合题意。
3. 抓主题句、关键词和信号词
主题句揭示整个语篇的主要内容。关键词通常指听力材料中 的实意词，抓住关键词有利于对语篇的理解。信号词可分为表示转折的but, however, yet等;表示顺序的 first, second, then, finally等;表示原因和结果的 because, as, for, as a result等;表示强调的 indeed, in fact等。
例如，这样一段录音材料： Life was hard, but it was simple and people were happier。
测试题： What can we learn from what the speaker said?
A. He is a retired teacher of history.
B. He thinks children were happier in the past.
C. He lives on a farm far away from cities.
D. He thinks life is happier today.
根据材料中but的这一信号词，可以得知昔日的生活尽管艰苦，但人们却生活在快乐之中，因此选择B选项顺理成章。
在有些听力对话材料中，教师可提示学生关注答句，因为许多对话材料的主要内容都由对话者以回答的形式予以表达的。如：
Jackie: What was the jeep like?
Nancy: Very cheap! It is second-hand.
It is about twelve years old and it's not very good…
Jackie: Tell me more.
Nancy: First of all, one of the front lights doesn't work and the driver's window is broken.
测试题： What do you know about Nancy's jeep?
A. It is really expensive.
B. It is in quite good condition.
C. Its front lights don't work.
D. It is 12 years old.
根据答语的信息，Very cheap, one of the front lights doesn't work, 确定选项为D。
4. 听后推断
根据说话日的语音语调、用词照句可推断说话日的主观意图，从说话人的语调变化或对话、独白的上下文关系上可以推断出正确的结论。如从Happy, glad, nice, wonderful, sad, surprised, depressed, angry等词可推断出说话人 高兴、赞扬、伤心、惊讶、失望、愤怒等的情绪，从 sure, believe, agree, disagree, like, dislike, hate, wonder, doubt, oppose等词的使用可推断出说话者的肯定、相信、同意、不同意、喜欢、不喜欢、讨厌、纳闷、怀疑、反对等个人意见。推断既可借助有代表性的词语来做出，也可根据上下文的关系来决定。如：
Tom: Did you like the people there?
Sue: Yes, they were great. We met some farmers and had tea in their houses.
测试题： What did Sue think of the people in the country?
A. They were tall. B. They were strange. C. They were friendly D. They were happy.
尽管录音中没有friendly一词，但从great, had tea in their houses等信息中可推断出哪儿的人们十分友好，所以选项为C.