英语语法名词性从句的十大考点全攻略.doc

英语语法名词性从句的十大考点全攻略
Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别
一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”。

It is generally considered unwise to give a child____ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
解析：答案是B，whatever引导一个宾语从句，并且作wants的宾语。这里的whatever不能改成what，因为题意想表达的显然是“无论孩子要什么就给他/她什么事不明智的”，具有泛指的概念。同时要注意，这里whatever也不能改用no matter what，因为后者只能引导状语从句。

比较下例：
I can’t remember at the moment who has said the words. (这里的who表特定的某人)

Where, when, why等连接副词引导的名词性从句
Where, when, why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求。

—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
—Is that ____ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. that D. where
解析：答案是A，why引导的从句作表语，同时why在从句中作原因状语。这里之所以选why，而不是when或 where等，唯一的依据便是句子的逻辑含义，及语境。

“介词+who(m)引导的宾语从句”与“介词+ whom”引导的定语从句的区别
介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格，决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。

1.It was a matter of ____ would take the position.
2. It was a matter of ______he will promote.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
解析：答案是1.A, 2.C。这是一个含宾语从句的复合句，作介词of宾语的，是后面的整个句子，而不是宾语从句的引导词，由于句1 引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格who， 句2 引导词在从句中作宾语，所以要用宾格whom。

He is the actor for ______the shirt is made.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
解析：答案是C. 这是一个定语从句，先行词是the actor， 先行词在从句中的使用是the shirt is made for the actor，所以先行词在从句中作for 的宾语, 所以引导词要用宾格whom.

名词性从句中有插入成分时
此时应注意两点：一是从句仍然不倒装，而在插入成分上倒装；二是要注意主语的主格和宾格的选择。
____ you have seen both fighters, ____ will win?
A. Since; do you think who B. As; who you think
C. When; whoever D. Since; who do you think
解析：根据上面的讲解，不难知道答案是D。其中do you
think是插入成分，其余部分是宾语从句，作think的宾语；由于引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格who(不用whom)。

引导词that的省略
引导宾语从句时，that通常可以省略，但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时，that不能省。
例如：
China’s success in manned-spacecraft travel shows____ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.
A. what B. which C. 不填 D. it that
解析：该句中的从句作shows的宾语，是宾语从句，又因为从句中不缺主、宾语，所以只能用that引导；又因引导宾语从句时that可以省略，所以答案是C。
改错：
Liu Xiang will come to our school is true.
The truth is he lied to you.
The news Liu Xiang will come to our school is true.

同位语从句引导词where, when的用法特点
说明先行词内容的同位语从句的引导词where, when与被说明的名词在概念上不一致。
但引导定语从句的引导词却必须保持一致。
试比较：
1.Then arose the question ____ we were to get so much money.

2.This is the house ____ the great man Mao Zedong was
born 110 years ago.
A. where B. that C. about which D. in which
解析：答案分别是1.A 2.A/D。先行词与where, when概念一致时，是定语从句，2题中的house与where同表地点，且这个关系副词where或when可以用“介词+which”的形式代替，所以答案A和D都可以引导。1题中的question与where不表同一概念，可见是同位语从句，所以where不能改用“介词+which”的形式。