初中英语语法之八 副词.doc

副词
一  副词的构成：
从形态上看，大多数副词都是由“形容词＋后缀-ly”构成的，例如：slowly, heavily, truly, terribly等。
形容词变副词：
①.在形容词词尾直接加-ly。如:real-really; helpful-helpfully; careful-carefully; slow-slowly; quick-quickly; quiet-quietly
②.以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily; angry-angrily; easy-easily
③.某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly。如:terrible-terribly; true-truly; gentle-gently
注意: friendly; motherly; lovely，weekly，lively等词是形容词而非副词。
④.英语中还有少数与形容词同形的副词，例如：daily, early, fast, hard, high, long, near, straight, well等。请比较它们的词义和用法：
the high jump 跳高项目（形容词） to jump high 跳得高（副词）
a fast car 行得快的汽车（形容词）to drive fast  开快车（副词）
an early riser 早起的人（形容词）to get up early 起得早（副词）
 a straight line直线（形容词）Go straight ahead. 一直朝前走。（副词）
注意：兼有两种形式的副词
①.late 与lately：
late意思是"晚"； lately 意思是"最近"。例如：You have come too late. What have you been doing lately?
②.deep与deeply：
deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"。例如：He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film.
③.high与highly：
high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much 。例如：The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion.
④.wide与widely：
wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方" 。例如：He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world.
二 副词的分类：(见下表)
时 间 副 词
频度副词
地点/方位副词
程度副词
方式副词
疑问/连接副词
其他副词
today, tomorrow,
once,
here, there,
very, too,
well,
how,
too, also,
yesterday, now,
twice,
home, below,
enough,
hard,
where,
nor, so,
then, early, late,
always,
anywhere,
rather, quite,
alone,
when,
as, on,off,
once, soon, just,
usually,
above, outside,
how, so,
fast,
why,
either,
tonight, long,
often,
in, inside, out,
much, just,
together,
whether
yes, no,
already, yet, before,
sometimes,
back, up, down,
nearly, only
suddenly,
however, etc.
not, neither
ago, later, ever since
never,
away, off, far,
almost, hardly,
-ly结尾
关系副词
maybe,
after, whenever
(seldom),
near, nearby,
as long as等,
的副词
where,
perhaps,
first, someday,
ever,
wherever
even, all,

why, how
certainly,
sometime, last,

everywhere,
a little, a bit

when,

二、副词的句法功能
⑴作状语：
① 时间副词：一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾,already、just一般放在动词的前面。如：We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.
/ They have already been to the UK twice.
② 频度副词：一般放在be动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间,但sometimes、often等还可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、three times等一般放在句尾。如：Sometimes I get up early. / The workers usually have lunch at the factory.
③ 方式副词：一般放在行为动之后,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。如：Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people.(老年人几乎不可能走得和年轻人一样快)
④ 地点副词：一般放在句尾,但here、there还可放在句首。如：There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions(方向). / The frightened wolf ran away.
⑤ 程度副词：修饰动词时,放在动词之前；修饰形容词或副词时,放在形容词或副词之前。但注意,enough总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面；only位置比较灵活,总是放在被修饰的词的前面。如：I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again. / It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears.
⑥ 疑问副词：用于对句子的状语进行提问,位置总是在句首。如：When and where were you born?(你何时何地出生？)/ How do you do?(你好！)
⑦ 连接副词：用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,在从句中作状语。How I am going to kill the cat is still a question.(我打算怎样杀死那只猫还是个问题)/ That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger.
⑧ 关系副词：用来引导定语从句,在从句中作状语。如：This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived. / Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well.
⑨ 其它副词：too“也”,用在句尾；also放在动词前；either “也不”,放在句尾；nor“也不”,放在句首；so“如此,这样”,放在形容词、副词前；on/off“开/关”放在动词之后；not放在be之后、助动词之后、不定式或动名词之前；maybe/perhaps放在句首；certainly放在句首或动词之前。如：He went to the Palace Museum and I went there,too. / --Tom doesn’t have a computer. –Nor do I.
(2)作表语：地点副词、时间副词一般可以作表语,放在be等连系动词之后,说明人物所处的位置。如：I’m very sorry he isn’t in at the moment.
(3)作定语：时间副词(如now、then)以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语,放在名词的后面。如：People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants.
(4)作宾语补足语：地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。如：Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell!
[注意] “动词+副词”的宾语如果是代词,则该副词应该放在代词之后。如：He wrote down the word.(他写下了那个词。)→He wrote it down.(他把它写了下来。)
三  副词的位置：
①. 副词修饰动词时，通常可以放在句首、句中或句末。如：Usually I do my homework in the evening. (句首) 通常我晚上做家庭作业。 I often get up at six. (句中) 我常在6点起床。Please speak slowly. (句末) 请慢慢说。
注意：频度副词通常置于系动词、情态动词、助动词之后，实义动词之前。
例如： Mary is always late for the meeting.I have never been to London.
My mother often does morning exercises in the morning.
②. 副词修饰形容词或副词时，通常放在形容词或副词的前面，但也有例外。
如：These flowers are quite beautiful. （在形容词前） He works very hard. （在副词前）She is old enough to go to school. （在形容词后）
注意：
A.副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。
例如：(错) I very like English. (对) I like English very much.
B.副词enough应放在所修饰的形容词、副词或动词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。例如：The boy is old enough to go to school. I know him well enough.　
He didn't get up early enough to catch the early bus.　
C. 注意顺序：quite/rather a good player=a very good player.一个相当不错的球员。
③. 按一般规则，如果有几个时间状语，单位大的应放在单位小的后面。如：The film will begin at seven o’clock this evening. 电影今晚7点开演。 I was born at two o’clock on the morning of May15.
④. 按一般规则, 既有地点状语又有时间状语时，地点状语应放在时间状语之前。如：We had a meeting in the classroom yesterday afternoon. 我们昨天下午在教室开了一个会。 He watched TV at home last night. 他昨晚在家看电视。
【考题分析】
1．—One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May. — Right. The government spoke ____ that.
A. highly for B. high of C. well of D. highly of
分析：本题考点为speak highly of，其中用的是副词highly。答案：D
2．Some studies have shown that students who eat good breakfast stay ______ and do ______ than those who don’t.
A. thin, well B. thinner, better C. the thinnest, the best D. thinnest, best
分析：本题第1空格为形容词，第2空格为副词。后半句中有than一词，说明要求使用比较级。答案：B
3．It is ______ to work out this problem. You needn’t go to the teacher.
A. enough easy B. easily enough C. easy enough D. very easily
分析：副词enough的位置问题是一个常见的考点，它通常位于形容词或副词
的后面。答案：C
4．同义句：There was a heavy rain last night.
______ ______ ______ last night.
分析：我们知道，大多数副词和形容词之间存在着同义转换关系，例如：He is
a slow runner. → He runs slowly.
本题即可从这里找到答案，但同时要注意动词的用法。答案：It rained heavily
5.—How far is the factory from here?
—It’s about 4 kilometers _______.
A. far B. long C. away D. near
分析：此题容易误选A。这是由于受到汉语思维的影响，因为译成汉语正好是
“大约4公里远”。其实，问距离时可以用How far is …. ?，但是far不能与表示
具体的距离连用，此时应该用away。正确答案为：C
【巩固练习】
一、用所给形容词或副词的适当形式填空：
1. It is          in the south than in the north.  (warm)
2. French is not used so          as English.  (widely)
3. His brother is quite         . He is the          in his class.  (strong)
4. Which goes         , a horse or a dog?  (fast)
5. The sun is          to the earth than many other stars.  (near)
6. The          you speak, the          we shall understand you.  (clearly, well)
7. She fell          yesterday and she feels even          today.  (ill)
8. Christmas in the west is as          as the Spring Festival in China.  (important)
9. The Changjiang River is one of the          rivers in the world.  (long)
10. We are too tired to go any        .  (far)
11. This work is quite ________. I think he can do it quite ________.  (easy)
12. Travelling by air is much ________ than travelling by train.  (expensive)
13. He spoke too ____for us to follow. Have you ever heard a person who speaks ___ than him?  (quickly)
14. This photo is very ________, but that one is ________ than this one.  (old)
15. My friend doesn’t feel ________ enough today, but I believe he’ll be ________ tomorrow.  (well)
二、选择填空：
1. Mary is than her sister.
A. very more carefully B. much careful C. much more careful D. much carefully
2. Bill is than any of the in the class.
A. taller, other boys B. tall, other boy C. taller, boys D. tall, other boys
3. He isn’t to hold such a heavy box.
A. enough high B. very strong C. strong enough D. tall enough
4. He knew only about the history, but I knew .
A. a little, a few B. little, even little C. some, least D. a little, even less
5. We have kept the room for you. It’s comfortable room we have.
A. the more B. the most C. very much D. much too
6. He didn’t use his pen, because it wasn’t to write with.
A. good enough B. good as enough C. as enough good D. best enough
7. Mike Tom.
A. doesn’t drive as fast than B. don’t drive so fast as C. drives less fast as D. drives less fast than
8. This building is one of the two.
A. the most magnificent B. very magnificent C. the more magnificent D. more magnificent
9. If you don’t go to see the doctor, your illness will become .
A. very bad B. very worse C. much worst D. worse
10. The Yellow River is river in China.

参考答案:
一、1.warmer 2. widely 3.strong, strongest  4.faster 5.nearer  6.more clearly, better 7.ill, worse 8. important 9. longest 10. farther 11. easy, easily 12. more expensive 13. quickly, more quickly 14. old, older 15. well, better
二、1—5 CACDB  6—10 ADCDB
初中英语语法专项习题--副词
1( ) 1 He speaks English___his aunt.
A. as good as B. as well as C. as better as D. as best as
( ) 2. Which do you like_____, skating, swimming or fishing?
A. more B. most C. better D. best
( ) 3 Who sings___, Rose or Kate? A. well B. good C. better D. best
( ) 4 She writes____than I.A. more careful B. much careful
C. much more carefully D. much carefully
( ) 5 The night was very ___, so he had to take off his shoes ___.
A. quiet; quietly B. quite; quickly C. late; quick D. quite; quietly
( ) 6 How ___ the girls are playing! A. happy B. happier C. happy ly D. happily
2( ) 1 ____ he drops in ___ his friends after supper.
A. Some times; for B. Sometimes; on C. Often; for D. Seldom; on
( ) 2 In Britain tea ___ with milk or sugar in it.
A. usually drinks B. is usually drunk
C. usually is drunk D. drank usually
( ) 3 He____ to school to clean his classroom.
A. always comes early B. comes always early
C. always early comes D. come always earlier
3( ) 1 Better___than never.
A. late B. the later C. later D. the late
( ) 2 We have been to the China Folk Culture Villages ____.
A. lately B. late C. latest D. last
( ) 3 I got up____today.
A. later B. more lately C. lately D. late
4( ) 1 Today Tom goes to school earlier than___.
A. as usual B. usual C. usually D. ago
( ) 2 Today we do our homework at home ___.
A. than usual B. often C. usually D. as usual
( ) 3 Alice___goes to school at seven.
A. usual B. usually C. hard D. a little
5( ) 1 It was___ bad weather that we all had to stay inside.
A. very B. so C. rather D. such
( ) 2 He is___ kind an old man that all the children like him.
A. very B. so C. rather D. such
( ) 3 He, our headmaster was___ pleased with our work.
A. fairly B. even C. much D. great
( ) 4 There was a heavy snow last night. This morning is____ outside.
A. too rather cold B. rather too cold C. such cold D. fairly cold
6( ) 1 We won't go to the cinema next Saturday. They won't____.
A. too B. also C. neither D. either
( ) 2 She likes reading and___.
A. so I do B. I do so C. I like so D. so do I
( ) 3 -I won't go to the Great Wall tomorrow.
-I won't, ___.
A. neither B. either C. too D. also
( ) 4 He likes to do some reading in the morning, I like it, ___.
A. too B. either C. neither D. also
( ) 5 He didn't know her address, ____ did I.
A. too B. also C. either D. neither
7( ) 1 I have never seen ___ big pears.
A. such B. very C. so D. rather
( ) 2 He is ___ tired that he can't go any farther.
A. so B. such -C. very D. too
( ) 3 That maths problem is ___ difficult ___ nobody can work it out.
A. too; to B. very; that C. so; that D. very; but
( ) 4 He is      , teacher that all of us like him.
A. such good a B. a so good C. so good a D. a such good
( ) 5 Jack doesn't work ____ Tom.
A. as so good B. so good as C. so hard as D. so harder as
8( ) 1 I did my homework hours _____.
A. before B. later C. ago D. late
( ) 2 I saw the film two days ___.
A. ago B. before C. after D. late
( )3 I seem to have met you___.
A. before B. ago C. yet D. some time
9( )1 He got back____at four.
A. to home B. at home C. his home D. home
( ) 2 Come____ quickly. I have something interesting to tell you.
A. to here B. up to here C. here D. into here
( ) 3 These two young men stood ___ watching the train moving away.
A. by there B. from there C. there D. to there
10( ) 1 Mother said, "Tom, you're seventeen, ____a child. "
A. no again B. not longer C. not more D. no longer
( ) 2 "Don't do that___. " the teacher said to Tom.
A. no more B. no longer C. any more D. some more
( ) 3 I don't want to talk with you____.
A. yesterday B. no longer C. any longer D. some longer
( ) 4 They have moved away from Beijing. They don't live there____.
A. any longer B. once more C. either D. again
11( ) 1 My aunt will come back from Beijing ____.
A. before long B. long before C. after long D. long after
( ) 2 She read the book___. And I'll read it___.
A. long before; long before B. before long; before long
C. before long; long before D. long before; before long
12( ) 1 When you do eye-exercise, you must keep your eyes____.
A. close B. closes C. closing D. closed
( ) 2 It's a windy day. You'd better____ the windows.
A. close B. closed C. closing D. to close
( ) 3 Bruce often ___ his left hand ___.
A. keep; close B. keeps; closed
C. keep; closed D. keeps; close
( ) 4 It is very hot. Please keep the door           .
A. open B. opening C. opens D. opened
13( ) 1 The boat is left ___ by the bank of the river.
A. along B. alone C. long D. lonely 
( ) 2 He has a rest___ at home, watching TV.
A. alone B. one C. along D. lonely
( ) 3 They went out for a walk___ the lake.
A. alone B. along C. lonely D. at
( ) 4 The wall is two metres____.
A. highly B. widely C. long D. along

参考答案：
1. 1-6 B D C C A D 2. 1-3 B B A3. 1-3 A A D4. 1-3 B D B5. 1-4 D B A B6. 1-5 D D B A D
7. 1-5 A A C C C8. 1-3 C A A9. 1-3 D C C10. 1-4 D C C A11. 1-2 A D12. 1-4 D A B A13. 1-5 B A B C