高考英语语法知识梳理-----不定代词的用法.docx

高考英语语法知识梳理••不定代词的用法
不定代词一、不定代词的分类
一、不定代词的分类1.根据用法分类
(1) 表示两者：both, either, neither
(2) 表示全部：all, any, none, every
(3) 表示部分：one, another, each, some, several, little/few, many/much, other, most
(4) 表示单数：either, each, one,复合不定代词
(5) 表示单数和复数：other, another
(6) 表示可数：every, each, one, another, either, neither, both, many, few
(7) 表示不可数：little, much, something, anything, nothing, everying
(8) 表示可数和不可数：all, any, some, most, none, other, no
(9) 表刁；全部否定：none, neither, nobody, nothing
(10) 只表示限定：every, no.复合不定代词
(1) 根据形式分类
(2) 根据用法分类不定代词二、不定代词的句法作用
二、不定代词的句法作用1.作主语
Everything goes well!万事如意！
Either of the answers is correct,两个回答不论哪一个都对。
Neither of the answers is correct.两个回答哪一个都不对。
Is everybody here?大家都到了吗？
2 .作宾语
(1) 动词宾语
I like none of the books.这些书我全不喜欢。
If you have any, give us some.有的话，给我们一点。
We admire all of you.我们钦佩你们大家。
（2）介词宾语There is room for all of us.我们所有的人全坐得下。
I gave two to each of them.我给他们每人两个。
2 .作表语That's nothing,没什么。
I'm not somebody, I'm nobody.我不是重要人物，我是个无名小卒。
That's really something,那真是一大收获。
That' all for today.今天就到这儿。
3 .作定语You may take either road.两条路你走哪条都行。
Every room is clean and tidy.每一个房间都很整洁。
Everybody's business is nobody's business.人人都管等于没人管。（谚）Where are the other students?其他的学生在哪里？
Please give another example to support your point.请再举个例子来说明 你的论点。
All the students are present.所有的学生都到齐了。
4 .作同位语They both agreed to stay here.他们两人都答应待在这儿。
Give them two each.给他们每人两个。
He gives the book to us all.他把书给了我们大家。
不定代词三、复合不定代词
三、复合不定代词1 .基本用法
（1）something, somebody, someone 用于肯定句。
This is something special.这是种特别的东西。
Somebody has stolen my dog,有人偷了我的狗。
【提示】something, somebody, someone希望得到肯定答复时，可用于 疑问句中。
—Would you like something to drink?你想要些喝的吗？
—Yes, please.是的。
（2）anything, anybody, anyone用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。
Is there anything the matter with you? 你有什么地方不对劲吗？
I don't know anything about it.我对它一无所知。
I can't meet anybody on the island.在岛上，我没遇见任何人。
If you want anything, call me, please.你要是需要什么,请叫我。
If anybody comes, ask him to wait a while.如果有人来，叫他等一会。
（3）anything, anybody, anyone表示''任何东西，任何人"时,用于肯定 句。
Anybody knows the answer.任何人都知道答案。
You can take anything if you like.如果你喜欢，可以拿任何东西。
（4）nothing, nobody 构成否定句。
There's nobody there, is there?那儿没有人，是吗？
There's nothing in the box, is there?盒子里没有东西，是吗？
【提示】nothing, nobody作主语时，不能转换为''anything/anybody…not” 句式。
（5）everything, everybody, everyone 通常用于肯定句中。
I believe everybody can.我相信每个人都能。
Everything is ready,—切都准备好了。
（6）''every-复合不定代词+ not〃表示部分否定，意为''并非都，不都Not everything will go well.并非一切都会那么顺利。
The teacher didn't call everyone's name.老师并没有点所有人的名。
【比较】I can't catch everything in the book.我没有完全掌握书中的内容。（部
分否定）I can catch nothing in the book.我完全看不懂书中的内容。（完全否定）
① I can't catch anything in the book.我完全看不懂书中的内容。（完全否 定）.特殊用法
（1）复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Everything is fine.一切正常。
Everybody is here.大家都到齐了。
（2）复合不定代词的修饰语要后置。
This is something special.这是种特别的东西。（special 修饰 something） Haven't you got anything to do? 你无事可干吗？（to do 修饰 anything）
（3）复合不定代词在反意疑问句中的附加问句的主语Nobody is in the room, is he （are they）? 屋里没人，是不是啊？ （nobody 用 he 或 they ）
Everything is ready, isn't it? 一切准备就绪，是不是啊？（everything 用it）
There is nothing in the box, is there?盒子里没有东西，是吗？
（4）接"of 短语”时，anyone, everyone 要分开。
Every one of the students has a book.每一个学生都有书。
You can take any one of these.你可以随便拿一个。
（5）复合不定代词的所有格Grammar isn't everybody's idea of fun.语法不是每个人都认为有趣的。
There's somebody's glove on the floor.某人的手套在地板上。
【提示】后跟else时，'s形式则移至else之后。
That must be somebody else's coat； it isn't mine.那一定是别人的外套， 不是我的。
His hair is longer than anyone else's,他的头发比谁都长。
2 .含复合不定代词的固定句式anything but 并不；决不nothing but 只；不过
do nothing but do sth,只有have something to do with 与有关
have nothing to do but/except do sth.除之外别无办法不定代词四、不定代词词义辨析
四、不定代词词义辨析all, each, every
（1）基本用法All of the teachers are busy.所有的老师都很忙。（主语）
The teachers are all busy.所有的老师都很忙。（同位语）He gave each boy an apple.他给每个男孩一个苹果。（定语）
They each have a dictionary,他们每人都有一本词典。（同位语）We want every child to go to school.我们希望每个孩子都能上学。（定语）
（2）all, each, every与not连用表示部分否定；none表示全部否定。
All of the teachers aren't busy.并非所有的老师都很忙。（部分否定）Not all of the books are English books.这些并非都是英语书。（部分否定） None of the books are English books.这些都不是英语书。（全部否定）
（3）、'every+基数词+复数名词〃=''every+序数词+单数名词〃，表示''每......， 每隔every other day=every second day=every two days 每隔一天
every other line=every second line=every two lines 每隔一行every two metres 每两米every few weeks 每几周
1. anyone, any one
（1）基本用法Is there anyone at home? 家里有人吗？（指人）
You may choose any one of these books.你可以从中任选一本书。（接 of 短语）He told her not to tell anyone.他叫她不要告诉任何人。（指人）
—Which pen do you want?你要哪支钢笔？
一 Any one will do.随便哪一支都行。（指物）
（2）与not连用表示完全否定I don't want to waste anyone's time.我不想浪费任何人的时间。
I don't know any one of them.他们中我一个也不认识。
(3) anyone who=whoeverAnyone who does it is risking his life.任何人做此等事都要冒着生命危险。
Whoever does it is risking his life.
2. both, either
(1) 基本用法There are trees and flowers on both sides of the street,街道两旁都有花 草树木。
There are trees and flowers on either side of the street.
(2) both与not连用，表示部分否定；neither表示完全否定。
Both of us are not teachers.我们俩不都是老师。(部分否定)Neither of us is a teacher.我们俩都不是老师。(完全否定)
(3) both要置于限定词之前：、'both+ (of) +the/物主代词/指示代词+名词Both the cats are asleep.两只猫都睡着了。
I bought both these vases in China two years ago.这两只花瓶是两年前 我在中国买的。
Both his hands are dirty after the labour.劳动之后他的两只手都很脏。
(4) both的谓语动词用复数；either的谓语动词用单数。
Both flowers are beautiful.这两朵花都很漂亮。
Both of them are absent.他们两个都不在。
Either of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都很聪明。
Either one is good.两个中哪一个都好。
(5) both, either构成的短语。
She was both tired and hungry.她又累又饿。
I will go on business either this week or next week.我将在这星期或下星 期出差。
He had neither wife nor children,他既没有妻子也没有儿女。
3. few, a few, little, a littleIt is very difficult, and few people understand it.它很难，几乎没人能懂。
(否定)It is very difficult, but a few people understand it.它虽难，但是有些人
能懂。(肯定)Unfortunately, I had little money on me.很不巧，我身上没带什么钱。(否 定)
Fortunately, I had a little money on me.幸好我身上带着一点钱。(肯定)neither, either
(1) 基本用法You may take either of the roads.两条路你走哪一条都行。
Neither statement is true.两种说法都不是事实。
I want neither of them.两个我都不要。
I don't want either of them.两个我都不要。
【比较】、'I can swim."''Me, too.”''我会游泳。小'我也会。"
① ''I can't swim."''Me, either/neither."''我不会游泳。小'我也不会。"neither, either作主语时，谓语用单数。
Neither of the twins is here.那对双胞胎都不在这里。
Either of the plans is equally dangerous.这两个计划中，哪一个都同样有 危险。
(2) ''either ...or…小'neither ...nor…〃连接主语时，要遵循''就近一致〃原 则。
Neither he nor she was at home.他和她都不在家。(近 she 用 was)Either my father or my brothers are coming.
不是我父亲就是我兄弟要来。(近brothers用are)neither用于倒装语序中。
You did not see her, neither did I.你没有看见她，我亦未看见她。
You will not go to Macao, neither will I.你不想去澳门,我也不想去。
4. no one/nobody, nothing, none(1)基本用法
No one knows what they fought about.没人知道他们为了什么打架。
Nothing is found on the table,桌子上什么也没有。
None of my classmates survived the war.我的同学在战争中无一生还。
None of this money is mine,这钱都不是我的。
（2）答语—Who was late today?今天谁迟到了？
—No one/Nobody.没有人迟到。
—How many people are there in that room? 那个房间里有几个人？
—None .一个人也没有。
—What's on the table? 桌上有什么？
—Nothing,什么也没有.
—How much water is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少水？
—None,—点也没有.
7.other, the other, another, others
（1）基本用法His other books are still in storage.他其他的"还在储存里。
Mary is much taller than the other girls.玛丽比其他的女孩高得多。
I don't like this one.Please show me another.我不喜欢这一个，请给我看 看另一个。
All the shoes are here； I have no others.所有的鞋都在这里，我没有其他 的鞋了。
I went swimming while the others played tennis.我去游泳，其余的人都 打网球去了。
（2）常用句式The old man has two sons.One is a worker, the other is a teacher.
老人有两个儿子。一个是工人，另一个是教师。（两者）Some are playing football, others are playing basketball.
一些人踢足球，另一些打篮球。（还有其他的人）Some are playing football, the others are playing basketball.
一些人踢足球，其余的打篮球。（没有其他的人了）some, any
（1）基本用法Some students are什om the North,有些学生是北方人。（修饰可数名词）
Some meat has gone bad.—些肉己经坏了。（修饰不可数名词）Are there any cows in the fields?田里有牛吗？（修饰可数名词）
There won't be any trouble.没有任何麻烦。（修饰不可数名词）If there is any trouble, let me know.如果有什么麻烦，要让我知道。（用 于条件句中）
（2）any用于肯定句，表示''任何Any man can solve the problem.任何人都能解决这个问题。
Any time you want me, just send for me.什么时候你需要我，随时叫我来。
（3）在表示请求或邀请时some也可用于疑问句。
What about some fruit juice? 来点果汁如何？
Will you have some milk? 你喝点牛奶，好吗？
（4）some, certain表示不明确指代，意为''某一〃。
Some person called on you.有人来拜访过你。
a certain person called on you.
There must be some reason for what he's done.他这么做一定有某种理由。
Certain things are not openly spoken about.有些事是不能公开说的。
8. many, much
（1）基本用法They have many friends in our school.
他们在我们的学校有很多朋友。（many修饰可数名词）My sister has much homework to do tonight.
我妹妹今天晚上有许多家庭作业要做。（much修饰不可数名词）
（2）many more, much moreThere are usually many, many more factors.
通常有更多的因素存在。（接可数名词）The farmers have produced much more rice.
这些农夫收了更多的稻谷。（接不可数名词）