第一章阅读理解的技巧.docx

阅读理解的技巧
第一部分 阅读理解的命题分析
二高 lyn
在阅读理解题上得分的多少很大程度上决定着高考英语的总成绩。而且，阅读量有逐渐扩大且阅读速度进一步提高的趋势；选题多种多样，涉及到社会经济、政治、文化、日常生活各个领域。“阅读理解题”旨在全面检测考生从语段中获取有效信息的能力以及对文本信息进行加工的能力。依据对近些年的各省高考阅读理解题的分析、对比得知，从其设计和内容上看，可以归纳为以下几点：
1.概括整个语段主旨大意以及事实和细节：
2.能准确理解句子字面和深层含义：
3.能准确理解具体的事实和抽象的概念。
第二部分 阅读理解的命题类型
1.主旨大意题 2．推理判断题 3．事实细节题 4．词义猜测题等
1.主旨大意题
任何一篇文章都有自己的中心思想，所以，文章通常是围绕该中心思想展开的。要领悟文章的中心思想，就要具备归纳和概括方面的能力，而这种能力又常是要考查的重点。很多文章在全文或各段的开头便展示出文章的中心思想，它主要通过主题句(Topic Sentence)来体现。
一般来说，文章的主题或中心都在第一段或最后一段表明。某一段的主题句也常出现在段首或段尾，而且常有一些表归纳关系的信号词，如in short，in a word，in brief，to sum up, to conclude等。其常用提问方式主要有：What is the main idea/topic of the passage? The central point of the selection is that. The author is mainly concerned with. The passage is mainly about等。
2.细节理解题
该题型主要测试学生对文章（或某一段落）中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的辨认能力，分直接辨认和间接辨认两种。直接辨认细节型一般只要求学生能从阅读材料中直接获取、记住信息，然后能快速地将他们回忆出来；而间接辨认型不仅要求读者能从阅读材料中直接获取信息，还要将获得的信息进行各种转换，为阅读材料中某些词汇、短语及句型等找到正确的英语释义。如排序、图文转换、数字转换、同义（反义）转换等。常见的提问方式有：Which of the following is NOT included (mentioned)in the passage? Which of the following sentences is NOT true?
3.推理判断题
这种题型主要考查考生根据已知信息做出合理的推断或判断的逻辑思维能力，包括要求考生体会作者的态度、观点、意图等。常用提问方式有：We can infer/learn from the (last)paragraph that. It can be concluded from the passage that. The passage implies/suggests that. What can be concluded from the passage? The author's purpose of writing the passage is．
这需要学生读懂原文，完全理解文中的细节信息，对其进行分析、推理，从而得出正确的结论。
4.语义猜测题
该题型主要测试考生利用上下文判断单词、词组或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义的能力。常见的提问方式有：The word“…”in the context means． The word“…”could be best replaced by. Which of the following is nearest meaning to? The word“…”probably refers to．这不仅需要学生准确理解上下文，还要掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。并通过构词、语法等线索确定词义。
第三部分 阅读理解的破解策略
1.主旨大意题
主旨大意很好找，大也错来小也错；与文无关肯定错，正确一定简和绕。
此顺口溜意思是：含义太大太泛的是错误答案，太小太细的是错误答案，看似正确实在与文无关的肯定是错误答案，结构简单并且几乎整篇文章围绕其展开的肯定是正确答案。
2.细节理解题三步走( 22-26分)
第一步 读题，划关键词，关键词有7个：疑问词、动词、生词、大写、形副词、数字、介词短语或方位副词：
第二步 读文章，划题中关键词对应的信息，并标上题号；
第三步 综合思考，得出答案。
3.推理判断题两步走
第一步 读题，找出推理判断的标志词：infer推断；imply暗含；show表明：suggest 暗示，表明；indicate表明；conclude得出结论；learn了解；realize意识到；know知道，了解；understand理解等；
第二步 读文章，答案在文中直接找到对应线索的，都是错误的；答案在文中找不到直接线索，但是答案是对文中的线索进一步解释说明，是正确答案，又叫同意互释。
4.语义猜测题的五个技巧
1)通过and，but，or
2)通过上下文
3)通过构词法
a．转化：拼写不变，词性和词意发生了变化；
b．派生：加前缀或后缀从而构成的词：
c．合成词：由两个或两个以上的词和在一起而构成的词。
4)通过表示解释说明的标点：，：—— ( )
5)通过两个表示解释说明的短语：in other words，that's to say;
6)通过定语从句和同位语从句。
5、新题型“七选五”解题方法与技巧：
1)大纲要求：500-600字；共5题，每题2分，非等额选项；
2)解题方法：七选五很简单，五个位置四个含。
(1)五个位置：小标题；段首；段中；段尾：末段单独一句；
(2)四个含：
a．含前边或后边句子中的某个词或短语；
b．含前边或后边句子中的某个词或短语的同义词；
c．含前边或后边句子中的某个词或短语的替代词；
d．含前边或后边句子中的某个词或短语的派生词。
(3)科学结论：
小标题，含后：段首，含后；段中，含前后；段尾，含前：末段单独一句，含前。
(4)实战技巧
a.逆序做题
b.抓住特征词
①代词; 例：选项开头为They are…必然该选项位置在文章中间；
②逻辑关系词；
③专有名词或数词；
④小词; 例：the, 只有第一次出现的名词前才会带the, 因此上文中如果已经有带the的专有名词，备选下文中该名词出现时必然不会带the。

第二章《40篇英语短文决战高考》阅读理解
1. 必修1 Unit 1
Hiding behind the loose dusty curtain, a teenager packed up his overcoat into the suitcase. He planned to leave home at dusk though there was thunder and lightning outdoors. He had got to do this because he was tired of his parents’ nagging about his English study and did not want to go through it any longer. He couldn’t get along well with English and disliked joining in English classes because he thought his teacher ignored him on purpose. As a result, his score in each exam never added up to over 60.
His partner was concerned about him very much. She understood exactly what he was suffering from, but entirely disagreed with his idea. In order to calm him down and settle his problem, she talked with him face to face and swapped a series of learning tips with him. The items she set down helped him find the highway to studying English well.
The teenager was grateful and got great power from his friend’s words. Now, he has recovered from being upset and has fallen in love with English.

1.Which is the best title?
A.Get along well with English B.Recover from being upset
C.Fall in Love with English D.Swap a series of learning tips
2.From the first passage , we know in the beginning ______.
A.The teenager was good at English
B.The teenager was poor in English
C.The teenager liked English
D.The teenager got along well with English
3.His partner was concerned about him very much and did the following except ______.
A.calming him down B.talking face to face
C.swapping a series of learning tips D.agreeing with his idea
4. The teenager's attitude to his partner's help with his English is ______.
A.upset B.tired C.concerned D.grateful
5.What's the Chinese meaning of the word nagging in the first passage?
A.唠叨 B.安慰 C.关心 D.恢复