宾语从句用法详解.docx

宾语从句用法详解
一.宾语从句的定义
置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。

二.宾语从句中引导词的用法
在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：
连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if
代词：who, whose, what ,which
副词：when ,where, how, why 等。

（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）
可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：
say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。
例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.
注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。
例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.

在以下情况中that不能省略
1.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。 例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
2.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。
例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
3.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。
例句：I can’t tell him that his mother died.
注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。 例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.

（二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句
由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。
例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.
只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句
1.在带to的不定式前 例句：We decided whether to walk there.
2.在介词的后面 例句：I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.
3.在动词后面的宾语从句时 例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week
4.直接与or not连用时 例句：I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time.
只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
1.if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果” 例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.
2.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时 例句：He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.
3.引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时
例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.
（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。
英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。
例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?
英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。
例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

三.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例句如下：
1.I don’t know what they are looking for.
2.Could you tell me when the train will leave?
3.Can you imagine what kind of man he is?

四.宾语从句的时态
1.主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
2.主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.
3.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。 例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.

五.宾语从句的特点
1.宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。
2.宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。
3.连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。
4. whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句，但 whether后可紧跟or not；whether从句可作介词的宾语。
5.如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it.

一、选择填空：
( ) 1. It's so dark. I can't find out _______ it's a boy _______ a girl.
A. if, and B. that, and C. either, or D. whether, or
( ) 2. Could you tell me if he _______ to Shanghai?
A. has gone B. had gone C. went D. go
( ) 3. He told me _______ she would catch the early bus. A. which B. whether C. why D. that
( ) 4. Mrs. Green asked me _______ I would go with her. A. what B. which C. why D. that
( ) 5. I don't know _______ the coat _______ cheap enough.
A. if, is B. where,were C. that ,was D. if, were
( ) 6. Call you tell me why _______ yesterday?
A. you didn't come B. did you not come C. didn't you come D. you don't come
( ) 7. He said that they _______ Yunnan.
A. have been to B. had gone to C. have gone to D. has gone to
( ) 8. Jack isn't sure _______ students there are in his class.
A. how many B. what C. which D. whether
( ) 9. Can you tell me _______ yesterday?
A. what they do B. what they did C. what do they do D. what did they do
( ) 10. I want to know _______ his homework yesterday evening.
A. if he finished B. whether he had finished C. had she finished D. has she finished
( ) 11. Do you know what _______ this time yesterday?
A. they are doing B. are they doing C. they were doing D. were they doing
( ) 12. Excuse me, can you tell me _______ ？
A. why was the train late B. why the train was late
C. why is the train late D. why the train is late
( ) 13. Do you know where _______ ? Someone is looking for him.
A. he is B. he was C. is he D. was he
( ) 14. He wanted to know how long _______ in hospital.
A. she is staying B. she had stayed C. did she stay D. she stay
( ) 15. My brother said he _______ going _______ his friend the next day.
A. was, to meet B. would go, has C. will go, was going to D. will go, will
( ) 16. He told me that he _______ to London the next day.
A. would go B. go C. went D. has gone
( ) 17. He said that light _______ much faster than sound.
A. traveled B. will travel C. travels D. is traveling
( ) 18. Our teacher said that the moon _______ around the earth.
A. turn B. turned C. has turned D. turns
( ) 19. He said that April _______ the _______ month of a year.
A. is, third B. is, fourth C. was, fourth D. was, third
( ) 20. Do you know _______ ?
A. is it whose pen B. whose pen is it C. whose pen it is D. it is whose pen
( ) 21. Can you tell me _______ ?
A. who are you B. who you are C. you are who D. who you be
( ) 22. Do you know _______ of the three?
A. which book she likes best B. which best book does she like
C. that which book she likes best D. which book she best likes
( ) 23. I hear _______ the teacher will come back from the UK soon.
A. which B. that C. when D. whether
( ) 24. Can you tell me _______ language she speaks?
A. which B. what C. that D. whether
( ) 25. Can you tell us _______ you grow cotton in your country?
A. that B. whether C. which D. whose
( ) 26. I don't understand _______ you said. A. when B. that C. where D. what
( ) 27. Do you know _______ made him angry last time?
A. when B. that C. where D. what
( ) 28. Can you tell me _______ the meeting will begin?
A. what B. whether C. when D. where
( ) 29. _______ surprised me most was _______ he didn't go to school yesterday.
A. What, how B. What, that C. That, that D. Whom, that
( ) 30. I wondered _______ they had been to America. A. if B. what C. who D. that
( ) 31. You will feel hungry _______ you don't have breakfast. A. what B. why C. if D. how
( ) 32. Do you know _______ Jack left so early? A. what B. why C. until D. though
( ) 33. You must do _______ I told you. A. after B. before C. where D. as
( ) 34. I am sure _______ you said is true. A. what B. that C. which D. who
( ) 35. It has not been decided _______ they will leave.
A. why B. when C. which D. what
( ) 36. Go back _______ you come from. A. until B. where C. when D. that
( ) 37. Do you know _______ she will go to the cinema with us?
A. if B. where C. who D. which
( ) 38. The children said _______ they _______ themselves very much.
A. if, enjoy B. why,enjoyed C. where,enjoy D. that, enjoyed
( ) 39. I don't think _______ I _______ out the problem.
A. if, can work B. how, will work C. that, can work D. when, will work
( ) 40. She is afraid _______ he _______ cold at night.
A. that, will catch B. that, catches C. whether, will catch D. is, catches
( ) 41. We are sure _______ he _______ to speak English well.
A. that, learned B. that, has learned C. if, learned D. if, has learned
( ) 42. The boy asked _______ I _______ any noise from outside.
A. when, heard B. why, had learned C. whether, had heard D. what, heard
( ) 43. Who can tell us _______ . about over there?
A. what they talk B. what do they talk C. what are they talking D. what they are talking
( ) 44. We couldn't find out _______ , so we asked a policeman.
A. whose bike it was B. whose bike was it C. whose it was bike D. whose was it bike
( ) 45. Do you know _______ take to get to the hospital?
A. which way must we B. which must we way C. which way we must D. which we must way
( ) 46. Tom asked _______ to school late.
A. who did often come B. who often came C. why had she left D. why she had left
( ) 47. I don't remember _______ the boy by himself.
A. why did she leave B. why she left C. why had she left D. why she had left
( ) 48. Have you forgotten _______ when he died?
A. how old he was B. how old was he C. what did he say D. what he did say
( ) 49. Nobody knows _______ to visit our school.
A. when will he come B. when does he come C. when he will come D. when he does come
( ) 50. Please tell us _______ to the Science Museum.
A. how can we reach B. how we can reach C. how can we get D. how we can get
( ) 51. Don't you believe _______ to the moon by spaceship?
A. that man did fly B. how did the man fly C. if man fly D. whether man fly
( ) 52. The teacher told us _______ .
A. is the earth round B. the earth was round C. the earth is round D. was the earth round
( ) 53. It's foggy today. I can't find out _______ it's a man _______ a girl.
A. if, and B. that, and C. either, or D. whether, or
( ) 54. Could you tell me if he _______ to Beijing?
A. has gone B. had gone C. went D. go
( ) 55. Mrs. White asked me _______ I would go shopping with her.
A. what B. which C. whether D. that
( ) 56. I don't know _______ the shoes _______ cheap enough.
A. if, are B. where, was C. that, was D. if, was
( ) 57. Li Lei didn't tell the teacher why _______ yesterday?
A. he didn't come B. did he not come C. didn't he come D. he don't come
( ) 58. He said that they _______ Zhangjiajie for a holiday.
A. have been to B. had gone to C. have gone to D. has gone to
( ) 59. Lacy told me she _______ me with my English this afternoon.
A. will help B. to help C. would help D. is helping
( ) 60. Jack isn't sure _______ students there are in his factory.
A. how many B. what C. which D. whether
( ) 61. Who knows _______ dictionary it is?
A. who's B. whose C. whom D. who
( ) 62. Could you tell me if it _______ a lot in summer in your hometown?
A. rained B. rain C. rains D. is raining
( ) 63. I can't remember _______ I sent the book to.
A. that B. which C. where D. whom
( ) 64. None of us knows which floor _______ on.
A. is she B. she living C. she is D. did she live
( ) 65. We didn't know _______ to visit our school.
A. when did he come B. when would he come C. when he was coming D. when he came
( ) 66. Do you know when _______ take off.'?
A. we will B. we are C. shah we D. will we
( ) 67. I want to know _______ will go with us. A. who B. whom C. what D. that
( ) 68. Can you tell me _______ the train leaves? A what B. where C. when D. how
( ) 69. The students must do _______ the teacher told them.
A. as B. before C. after D. if
( ) 70. -- I don't know if he _______ . -- He will come if it _______ .
A. comes, won't rain B. will come, doesn't rain C. comes, doesn't D. will come, won't rain
( ) 71. Do you know what time _______ .
A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves
( ) 72. --Could you tell me _______ with the bike? --It's broken down.
A. what's the matter B. what the matter is C. what's the wrong D. what the wrong is
( ) 73. She said _______ it wouldn't matter much.
A. that B. if C. which D. what
( ) 74. We wanted to know _______ the answer was fight or not.
A. if B. that C. whether D. what
( ) 75. John is behind others in maths, but it doesn't follow _______ he doesn't use his brains, he may not be interested in it A. what B. that C. if D. which
( ) 76. She has made it clear _______ she will have nothing to do with him.
A. what B. which C. whether D. that
( ) 77. For centuries, people have wondered _______ this continent is really like, since it is covered with solid thick ice and deep snow all the year round.
A. what B. how C. which D. whether
( ) 78. Li Lei told Jim _______ . A. how much yuan is the sweater B. how much is the sweater
C. how much the sweater is D. how much the sweater was
( ) 79. He really doesn't know _______ the overhead bridge will be finished.
A. how long B. how far C. how soon D. how often
( ) 80. The teacher came up to see _______ .
A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what the matter is D. what's the matter
( ) 81. Nobody knew _______ . A. where he comes B. where he was from C. where he is from D. where does he come from
( ) 82. Can you tell me _______ . Mr. Green lives in Room 2318?
A. that B. where C. until D. if
( ) 83. I told them that the sun _______ in the east.
A. rises B. rose C. has risen D. was rising
( ) 84. You must remember _______ the train
A. that, leaves B. when, leaves C. when, will leave D. if, leave
( ) 85. The boy asked how far the moon _______ from the earth.
A. was B. were C. is D. was
( ) 86. I was surprised at _______ .
A. what he is saying B. what he said C. what did he say D. what said he
( ) 87. I forgot _______ France.
A. he has gone to B. he had leen to C. he went D. he had gone to
( ) 88. I learned _______ the city for a long time.
A. she has leen to B. she has gone to C. she had been in D. she had gone to
( ) 89. He said he _______ me before. A. has met B. met C. was meeting D. had met
( ) 90. I'd like to know when you _______ the army.